springboot整合消息队列——RabbitMQ

た入场券 2024-04-08 11:12 12阅读 0赞

RabbitMQ常用的三种Exchange Type：fanout、direct、topic。

1.  fanout:把所有发送到该Exchange的消息投递到所有与它绑定的队列中。
2.  direct:把消息投递到那些binding key与routing key完全匹配的队列中。
3.  topic:将消息路由到binding key与routing key模式匹配的队列中。

这里基于springboot整合 [消息队列][Link 1] ，测试这三种Exchange。

*  启动RabbitMQ

双击运行rabbitmq-server.bat

![799bae4daad980602066e67d1cfecde3.png][]

*  SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ——Direct模式（默认模式）

创建springboot web项目——发送者 **springboot-sender**

追加测试和rabbitmq所需的依赖

<dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>5.0.9.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

修改配置文件 **application.yml** 或  **application.properties：**

server:
      port: 7001
    spring:
      application:
        name: spirngboot-sender
        rabbitmq:
          host: 127.0.0.1
          port: 5672
          username: guest
          password: guest

发送的信息可以是 **基本数据类型** 也可以是 **对象** ，这里创建一个用户对象

public class User implements Serializable{
        private String username;
        private String password;
     
        public String getUsername() {
            return username;
        }
     
        public void setUsername(String username) {
            this.username = username;
        }
     
        public String getPassword() {
            return password;
        }
     
        public void setPassword(String password) {
            this.password = password;
        }
    }

创建一个配置类： **SenderConfiguration.java**

一个名为 **queue1** 的 [队列][Link 2]

@Configuration
    public class SenderConfiguration {
        @Bean
        public Queue directQueue() {
            return new Queue("queue1");
        }
    }

创建一个发送信息类： **SenderService.java**

发送 **user** 对象给 **queue1** 队列

@Component
    public class SenderService {
        @Autowired
        private AmqpTemplate template;
     
        public void sendUser() {
            User user=new User();
            user.setUsername("张三");
            user.setPassword("123456");
            template.convertAndSend("queue1",user);
        }
    }

创建一个测试类： **TestRabbitMQ.java**

@SpringBootTest(classes=SpringbootSenderApplication.class)
    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
    public class TestRabbitMQ {
        @Autowired
        private SenderService senderService;
     
        @Test
        public void testRabbit() {
            senderService.sendUser();
        }
    }

运行 **testRabbit** 方法：

![8e314c72fbfc7bd15f5491d7bcc4274d.png][]

创建springboot web项目——接收者 **springboot-receiver**

修改配置文件 **application.yml** 或  **application.properties：**

server:
      port: 7002
    spring:
      application:
        name: spirngboot-receiver
        rabbitmq:
          host: 127.0.0.1
          port: 5672
          username: guest
          password: guest

添加接收类： **ReceiverService.java**

@Component
    public class ReceiverService {
        @RabbitListener(queues="queue1")
        public void receiveUser(User user) {
            System.out.println("username:"+user.getUsername()+" password:"+user.getPassword());
        }
    }

运行启动类：SpringbootApplication.java，结果：

![4e29fe4bbeca782cb445d1e35f173092.png][]

![80d63778e7bbe92f39c85100398cdeab.png][]

信息成功被接收。

SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ——Topic模式（模糊匹配）

步骤与Direct差不多。

发送者：

修改配置类SenderConfiguration.java：

创建两个队列 topic1,topic2，创建一个topic交换器，绑定交换机和队列以及绑定规则

@Test
    public void testRabbit() {
        senderService.sendUser();
    }@Bean(name="topic1")
    public Queue topicQueue1() {
        return new Queue("topic1");
    }
    @Bean(name="topic2")
    public Queue topicQueue2() {
        return new Queue("topic2");
    }
     
    @Bean
    public TopicExchange exchange() {
        //创建一个topic交换器
        return new TopicExchange("topicExchange");
    }
    @Bean
    Binding bindingExchangeTopic1(@Qualifier("topic1") Queue queueMessage, TopicExchange exchange) {
        //设置topic1绑定规则
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queueMessage).to(exchange).with("topic.queue");
    }
    @Bean
    Binding bindingExchangeTopic2(@Qualifier("topic2") Queue queueMessages, TopicExchange exchange) { 
        //设置topic2绑定规则 *表示一个词,#表示零个或多个词
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queueMessages).to(exchange).with("topic.#");
    }

修改发送类 **SenderService.java** ：

User user=new User();
    user.setUsername("张三");
    user.setPassword("123456");
    //发送给topicExchange的交换机
    template.convertAndSend("topicExchange","topic.queue",user);
    template.convertAndSend("topicExchange","topic.anyting",user);

运行 **testRabbit** 方法：

![78e342c5d5c43c7c489554f39c865bc4.png][]

成功广播出去两条信息

接收者：

修改接收类 **ReceiverService.java** ：

@RabbitListener(queues="fanout1")
    public void receiveFanout1(User user) {
        System.out.println("队列：fanout1 username:"+user.getUsername()+" password:"+user.getPassword());
    }
    @RabbitListener(queues="fanout2")
    public void receiveFanout2(User user) {
        System.out.println("队列：fanout2 username:"+user.getUsername()+" password:"+user.getPassword());
    }

运行启动类，结果：

![cec467ed03142c10700440c745c1e5d7.png][]

![3819b57868faf635b27067704a97cd2e.png][]

消息成功被发送接收

[Link 1]: https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E9%98%9F%E5%88%97&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020
[799bae4daad980602066e67d1cfecde3.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/761d5463838141b8b8ceeb8142f4f4b0.png
[Link 2]: https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=%E9%98%9F%E5%88%97&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020
[8e314c72fbfc7bd15f5491d7bcc4274d.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/d80cda56d8f34f948c1f71f30b046317.png
[4e29fe4bbeca782cb445d1e35f173092.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/9938abfda18647acabdaa321a502b0dd.png
[80d63778e7bbe92f39c85100398cdeab.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/5b43202cf3b745d4a39251b0802e025b.png
[78e342c5d5c43c7c489554f39c865bc4.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/a6f726625ee0418b917c8597c6cd3ad8.png
[cec467ed03142c10700440c745c1e5d7.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/203ab2e60b6f4c5297270c49971f824e.png
[3819b57868faf635b27067704a97cd2e.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/a3cd71d1596047449c4d33c56c5119cd.png