Spring Boot集成RabbitMQ快速入门Demo

ゝ一纸荒年。 2024-04-29 03:18 11阅读 0赞

### 1.什么是RabbitMQ？ ###

RabbitMQ是一款使用Erlang语言开发的，基于AMQP协议的消息中间件，作为一款优秀的消息系统，RabbitMQ有高并发、可扩展等优势，并适用于大型系统中各个模块之间的通信。

#### RabbitMQ的特点为： ####

*  持久化、传输确认、发布确认等功能保证消息可靠
 *  支持多种消息分发模式，处理更加灵活
 *  提供可视化管理界面，使用方便
 *  支持集群部署，保证服务高可用

### 2.RabbitMQ环境搭建 ###

yaml

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``version: '3' services: rabbitmq: image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhengqing/rabbitmq:3.7.8-management # 原镜像`rabbitmq:3.7.8-management` 【 注：该版本包含了web控制页面 】 container_name: rabbitmq # 容器名为'rabbitmq' hostname: my-rabbit restart: unless-stopped # 指定容器退出后的重启策略为始终重启，但是不考虑在Docker守护进程启动时就已经停止了的容器 environment: # 设置环境变量,相当于docker run命令中的-e TZ: Asia/Shanghai LANG: en_US.UTF-8 RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST: my_vhost # 主机名 RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER: admin # 登录账号 RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS: admin # 登录密码 volumes: # 数据卷挂载路径设置,将本机目录映射到容器目录 - "./rabbitmq/data:/var/lib/rabbitmq" ports: # 映射端口 - "5672:5672" - "15672:15672"``

#### 运行 ####

css

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`docker-compose -f docker-compose-rabbitmq.yml -p rabbitmq up -d`

web管理端：[http://127.0.0.1:15672][http_127.0.0.1_15672] 登录账号密码：`admin/admin`

![format_png][]

### 3.代码工程 ###

实验目的：实现通过rabbitmq发送和接收消息

#### pom.xml ####

xml

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`<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>springboot-demo</artifactId> <groupId>com.et</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>rabbitmq</artifactId> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>`

#### application.properties ####

ini

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`server.port=8088 #rabbitmq spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost spring.rabbitmq.port=5672 spring.rabbitmq.username=admin spring.rabbitmq.password=admin spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=my_vahost`

#### config ####

简答使用

kotlin

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`package com.et.rabbitmq.config; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class RabbitConfig { @Bean public Queue Queue() { return new Queue("hello"); } }`

topic 是RabbitMQ中最灵活的一种方式，可以根据routing\_key自由的绑定不同的队列 首先对topic规则配置，这里使用两个队列来测试

typescript

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`package com.et.rabbitmq.config; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding; import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue; import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class TopicRabbitConfig { public final static String TOPIC_ONE = "topic.one"; public final static String TOPIC_TWO = "topic.two"; public final static String TOPIC_EXCHANGE = "topicExchange"; @Bean public Queue queue_one(){ return new Queue(TOPIC_ONE); } @Bean public Queue queue_two(){ return new Queue(TOPIC_TWO); } @Bean TopicExchange exchange(){ return new TopicExchange(TOPIC_EXCHANGE); } @Bean Binding bindingExchangeOne(Queue queue_one, TopicExchange exchange){ return BindingBuilder.bind(queue_one).to(exchange).with("topic.one"); } @Bean Binding bindingExchangeTwo(Queue queue_two, TopicExchange exchange){ //# 表示零个或多个词 //* 表示一个词 return BindingBuilder.bind(queue_two).to(exchange).with("topic.#"); } }`

Fanout 就是我们熟悉的广播模式或者订阅模式，给Fanout交换机发送消息，绑定了这个交换机的所有队列都收到这个消息。

java

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`package com.et.rabbitmq.config; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding; import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder; import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class FanoutRabbitConfig { @Bean public Queue AMessage() { return new Queue("fanout.A"); } @Bean public Queue BMessage() { return new Queue("fanout.B"); } @Bean public Queue CMessage() { return new Queue("fanout.C"); } @Bean FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() { return new FanoutExchange("fanoutExchange"); } @Bean Binding bindingExchangeA(Queue AMessage, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(AMessage).to(fanoutExchange); } @Bean Binding bindingExchangeB(Queue BMessage, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(BMessage).to(fanoutExchange); } @Bean Binding bindingExchangeC(Queue CMessage, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(CMessage).to(fanoutExchange); } }`

#### receiver ####

typescript

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`package com.et.rabbitmq.receiver; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Payload; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service @Slf4j public class HelloReceiver { @RabbitListener(queues = "hello") public void process(String hello) { System.out.println("Receiver : " + hello); } @RabbitListener(queues = {"topic.one"}) public void receiveTopic1(@Payload String fileBody) { log.info("topic1：" + fileBody); } @RabbitListener(queues = {"topic.two"}) public void receiveTopic2(@Payload String fileBody) { log.info("topic2：" + fileBody); } @RabbitListener(queues = {"fanout.A"}) public void fanoutA(@Payload String fileBody) { log.info("fanoutA：" + fileBody); } @RabbitListener(queues = {"fanout.B"}) public void fanoutB(@Payload String fileBody) { log.info("fanoutB：" + fileBody); } @RabbitListener(queues = {"fanout.C"}) public void fanoutC(@Payload String fileBody) { log.info("fanoutC：" + fileBody); } }`

#### sender ####

java

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`package com.et.rabbitmq.sender; import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.Date; @Component public class HelloSender { @Autowired private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate; public void send() { String context = "hello " + new Date(); System.out.println("Sender : " + context); this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("hello", context); } } package com.et.rabbitmq.sender; import com.et.rabbitmq.config.TopicRabbitConfig; import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class TopicSender { @Autowired private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate; //两个消息接受者都可以收到 public void send_one() { String context = "Hi, I am message one"; System.out.println("Sender : " + context); this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(TopicRabbitConfig.TOPIC_EXCHANGE,"topic.one",context); } //只有TopicReceiverTwo都可以收到 public void send_two() { String context = "Hi, I am message two"; System.out.println("Sender : " + context); this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(TopicRabbitConfig.TOPIC_EXCHANGE,"topic.two",context); } }`

#### DemoApplication.java ####

typescript

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`package com.et.quartz; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; @SpringBootApplication public class DemoApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args); } }`

以上只是一些关键代码，所有代码请参见下面代码仓库

#### 代码仓库 ####

*  [github.com/Harries/spr…][github.com_Harries_spr]

### 4.测试 ###

#### 简单使用 ####

java

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`@Test public void hello() throws Exception { helloSender.send(); Thread.sleep(50000); }`

#### Topic Exchange ####

java

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`@Test public void topicOne() throws Exception { topicSender.send_one(); Thread.sleep(50000); } @Test public void topicTwo() throws Exception { topicSender.send_two(); Thread.sleep(50000); }`

#### Fanout Exchange ####

java

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`@Test public void sendFanout() throws InterruptedException { String context = "hi, fanout msg "; System.out.println("Sender : " + context); this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("fanoutExchange","", context); Thread.sleep(50000); }`

[http_127.0.0.1_15672]: https://link.juejin.cn/?target=http%3A%2F%2F127.0.0.1%3A15672%2F
[format_png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/02700b0c87de4ad2bb3913ccbb319609.webp?x-oss-process=image/format,png
[github.com_Harries_spr]: https://link.juejin.cn/?target=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FHarries%2Fspringboot-demo