日报系统1 创建框架 Django3.0

迷南。 2022-12-19 06:19 70阅读 0赞

该项目手把手一步一步来搭建学习如何使用**django3.0和mysql**搭建我们常见的一个**日报系统**, 该系统的功能包括, 用户的注册,激活,登录,日报的编辑, 查看;  
该项目可以学习到的知识有 Django,mysql,PHP,django,docker等  
因此综合性较强  
所有的细节已经在代码的后面加以注释

最后所有的代码已经开源到了gitee  
[点击自动跳转nwu\_zjq/django3.0.git][nwu_zjq_django3.0.git]  
本节代码`01_模板创建`

### 文章目录 ###

*  一. 环境搭建
 *  二. 修改配置文件, 完成框架搭建
 *   *  2.1 修改submission/\_\_init\_\_.py
     *  2.2 修改submission/settings.py
     *  2.3 创建用户操作的数据库基础格式
     *  2.3 同步数据库
     *  2.4 运行测试
 *  三. 使用gitee的代码
 *   *  3.1 下载gitee

*  先上一下效果图  
    ![注册页面][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMyNDYwODE5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]  
    ![登录页面][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMyNDYwODE5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMyNDYwODE5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMyNDYwODE5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]
 *  下图是根据日报系统增加的文件存储共享系统, 能够完全仿照百度云的全部狗能进行文件的操作  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMyNDYwODE5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 4]

**话归正传**

# 一. 环境搭建 #

[python conda环境搭建具体请点击此处][python conda]  
[mysql环境搭建具体请点击此处][mysql]

*  这里使用的是mysql本地搭建的, 如果是利用docker搭建的可能还有detail需要注意.

conda create -n dj_test python=3.6 # 安装环境
    source activate dj_test # 进入环境
    pip install -r requirements.txt # 安装必要的包
    (dj_test) zjq@DESKTOP-2RLT53L:dj3_test$ django-admin startproject submission # 创建project
    (dj_test) zjq@DESKTOP-2RLT53L:dj3_test$ cd submission/ # 进入project
    (dj_test) zjq@DESKTOP-2RLT53L:submission$ python manage.py startapp user  # 创建app
    (dj_test) zjq@DESKTOP-2RLT53L:submission$ mkdir apps # 
    (dj_test) zjq@DESKTOP-2RLT53L:submission$ mv user apps
    (dj_test) zjq@DESKTOP-2RLT53L:submission$ mkdir template # 模板,将来会将所有的html页面展示放入
    (dj_test) zjq@DESKTOP-2RLT53L:submission$ mkdir static # 静态数据, 比如模板中需要用到的格式,图片等
    (dj_test) zjq@DESKTOP-2RLT53L:submission$ mysql -u root -p # 进入数据库
    mysql> create database dj3_test default character set utf8; # 创建数据库为dj3_test, 作为该项目的数据库用来保存数据
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    mysql> exit;

其中requirements.txt的内容如下

asgiref==3.3.0
    attrs==20.2.0
    autobahn==20.7.1
    Automat==20.2.0
    certifi==2016.2.28
    cffi==1.14.3
    constantly==15.1.0
    cryptography==3.2
    daphne==2.5.0
    Django==3.0
    django-tinymce==2.6.0
    hyperlink==20.0.1
    idna==2.10
    incremental==17.5.0
    itsdangerous==1.1.0
    pyasn1==0.4.8
    pyasn1-modules==0.2.8
    pycparser==2.20
    PyHamcrest==2.0.2
    PyMySQL==0.10.1
    pyOpenSSL==19.1.0
    pytz==2020.1
    service-identity==18.1.0
    six==1.15.0
    sqlparse==0.4.1
    tvm==0.8.dev0
    Twisted==20.3.0
    txaio==20.4.1
    zope.interface==5.1.2

# 二. 修改配置文件, 完成框架搭建 #

## 2.1 修改submission/**init**.py ##

import pymysql # 因为这里用到的是mysql
    pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

## 2.2 修改submission/settings.py ##

import os
    import sys
    # Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
    BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
    # add by zjq
    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "apps")) # 让工程能够识别apps文件夹
    AUTH_USER_MODEL="user.User" # 主表
    LOGIN_IP = "10.15.14.146" # 主机的服务IP
    save_root = "/mnt/e/05_Django/upload1/" # 文件保存的位置
    # 数据库的配置 # 下面参数如果不改也是可以的, 不改默认使用数据库sqlite3, 这样就不需要配置mysql了
    DATABASES = { 
        'default': { 
            # 默认数据库
            # 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
            # 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'), 
            # zjq 配置mysql
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
            'NAME': 'dj3_test', # 注意这个数据库通过root用户需要新建
            'HOST':'localhost',
            'USER':'root',
            'PASSWORD':'zjq', # 075290
            'PORT':3306, # 默认不用加
        }
    }
    # SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
    SECRET_KEY = '5=753t()55@7(_1hlbg7^fi8cd6-7zqxtxjs_gtxi=aumna@#j'
    DEBUG = True
    ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
    # Application definition
    
    INSTALLED_APPS = [
        "tinymce", # add by zjq 增加富文本框
        "user", #add zjq, 因为增加了apps的路径,因此这里不需要再使用apps.user
        'django.contrib.admin',
        'django.contrib.auth',
        'django.contrib.contenttypes',
        'django.contrib.sessions',
        'django.contrib.messages',
        'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    ]
    
    MIDDLEWARE = [
        'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
        'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
        'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
        # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', # add by zqj, 不然在使用form请求会出现验证失败的问题
        'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
        'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
        'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    ]
    
    ROOT_URLCONF = 'submission.urls'
    
    
    TEMPLATES = [
        { 
            'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
            'DIRS': [ 
                os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "template".replace("\\",'/')), # add by zjq 增加template文件夹
            ],
            'APP_DIRS': True,
            'OPTIONS': { 
                'context_processors': [
                    'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                    'django.template.context_processors.request',
                    'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                    'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
                ],
            },
        },
    ]
    
    WSGI_APPLICATION = 'submission.wsgi.application'
    # Database
    # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#databases
    
    # Password validation
    # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
    AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
        { 
            'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
        },
        { 
            'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
        },
        { 
            'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
        },
        { 
            'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
        },
    ]
    # add by zjq
    LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
    TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
    USE_I18N = True
    USE_L10N = True
    USE_TZ = True
    STATIC_URL = '/static/'
    STATICFILES_DIRS = (
        os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static".replace("\\", "/")), # 添加静态文件加的路径到工程
    )
    # add by zjq 添加富文本编辑器配置文件
    TINYMCE_DEFAULT_CONFIG = { 
        'theme': 'advanced', # 高级主题, 下面是高宽
        'width': 600,
        'height': 400,
    } 
    
    # add by zjq 邮件配置
    # 发送邮件配置
    EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
    # EMAIL_USE_TLS = False
    # smpt服务地址
    EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.qq.com'
    EMAIL_PORT = 25
    # 发件邮箱
    EMAIL_HOST_USER = 'xxx@qq.com'
    # 授权密码
    EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = 'ypimwpgvjmtfbgjj'
    # 收件人看到的发件人信息
    EMAIL_FROM = 'nisl lab812<xxx@qq.com>'
    #配置登录地址
    LOGIN_URL = "/user/login"

## 2.3 创建用户操作的数据库基础格式 ##

*  在工程根目录下创建db文件夹, 新建文件base\_model.py

from django.db import models
    class BaseModel(models.Model):
        """抽象模型基类"""
        create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name = "创建时间")
        update_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name = "更新时间")
    
        class Meta (object):
            """说明抽象模型类 """
            abstract = True

*  编辑`apps/user/models.py`用来创建用户表

from django.db import models
    from django.conf import settings
    from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser  #用户验证
    from db.base_model import BaseModel
    from django.db import models
    from tinymce.models import HTMLField
    
    class User(AbstractUser, BaseModel):
        '''用户模型类'''
        class Meta:
            db_table = 'user'
            verbose_name = '用户'
            verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

*  编辑`apps/user/admin.py`用来配置显示用户的格式

class User(AbstractUser, BaseModel):
        school_number = models.CharField(default="0000", max_length=12,verbose_name = "学号" )
        is_manager = models.BooleanField(default=True, verbose_name='是否为管理员')
    
        '''用户模型类'''
        class Meta:
            db_table = 'user'
            verbose_name = '用户'
            verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

## 2.3 同步数据库 ##

$ python manage.py makemigrations # 确定修改的数据库
    Migrations for 'user':
      apps/user/migrations/0001_initial.py
        - Create model User 
    python manage.py migrate # 同步
    (dj_test) zjq@DESKTOP-2RLT53L:submission$ python manage.py createsuperuser # 创建管理员账户
    用户名: zjq
    电子邮件地址: xxx@qq.com
    Password:
    Password (again):
    Superuser created successfully.

## 2.4 运行测试 ##

$ python manage.py runserver # 运行
    Watching for file changes with StatReloader
    Performing system checks...
    
    System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
    November 05, 2020 - 20:55:10
    Django version 3.0, using settings 'submission.settings'
    Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
    Quit the server with CONTROL-C. # 到这里就可以通过浏览器访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/了
    
    python manage.py runserver 0:10086 # 这里的运行命令表示所有的IP都可以通过本地IP:10086访问该project, 比如我的IP地址是10.15.14.146, 我就可以使用http://10.15.14.146:10086/访问

*  访问结果如下图所示  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMyNDYwODE5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 5]
 *  这里可以访问/admin进行后台管理的访问, 如下图所示  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMyNDYwODE5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 6]

如果没有问题, 到此, django的基础框架就配置完毕, 接下来开始进行用户界面的配置, 注册, 登录

到此, 整个project的文件结构如下

(dj_test)$ tree
    ├── apps
    │   └── user
    │       ├── __init__.py
    │       ├── admin.py 
    │       ├── apps.py 
    │       ├── migrations
    │       │   ├── 0001_initial.py
    │       │   ├── __init__.py
    │       ├── models.py # 创建对应的数据库表
    │       ├── tests.py
    │       └── views.py # url请求处理中心
    ├── db
    │   └── base_model.py # 数据库父类
    ├── db.sqlite3  #默认sqlite3的数据库
    ├── manage.py # 主函数
    ├── static # 存放静态文件的文件夹
    ├── submission
    │   ├── __init__.py
    │   ├── asgi.py
    │   ├── settings.py # 整个服务器的配置文件
    │   ├── urls.py # 请求先通过这里
    │   └── wsgi.py
    └── template # 页面显示的模板, 所有的html都在这里
    
    11 directories, 26 files

# 三. 使用gitee的代码 #

## 3.1 下载gitee ##

git clone https://gitee.com/nwu_zjq/django3.0.git
    cd django3.0/01_模板创建/
    source activate dj3
    
    # 第一次需要
    数据库创建dj_test
    python manage.py makemigrations # 同步数据库
    python manage.py migrate # 同步数据库
    python manage.py createsuperuser # 创建超级管理员
    
    # 运行
    python manage.py runserver

[nwu_zjq_django3.0.git]: https://gitee.com/nwu_zjq/django3.0.git
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMyNDYwODE5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]: /images/20221120/19705097cbe6474dbeb0d6ddbad81a98.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMyNDYwODE5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201105211130880.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMyNDYwODE5,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMyNDYwODE5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201105211250254.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMyNDYwODE5,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMyNDYwODE5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020110521132599.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMyNDYwODE5,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMyNDYwODE5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 4]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201105211359928.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMyNDYwODE5,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center
[python conda]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32460819/article/details/108449221
[mysql]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32460819/article/details/109492054
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMyNDYwODE5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 5]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201105210758989.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMyNDYwODE5,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMyNDYwODE5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 6]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201105211738567.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMyNDYwODE5,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center