Linux驱动——mmc type card（六）

╰+哭是因爲堅強的太久メ 2022-09-16 15:29 757阅读 1赞

# Linux驱动——mmc type card（六） #

备注：  
  1. Kernel版本：5.4  
  2. 使用工具：Source Insight 4.0  
  3. 参考博客：  
[\[mmc subsystem\] mmc core（第五章）——card相关模块（mmc type card）][mmc subsystem_ mmc core_card_mmc type card]

### 文章目录 ###

*  Linux驱动——mmc type card（六）
 *   *  概述
     *  数据结构
     *   *  mmc\_ops
         *  mmc\_type
     *  核心接口说明
     *   *  mmc type card匹配相关
         *   *  mmc\_attach\_mmc
             *  mmc\_init\_card
         *  mmc\_ops相关函数
         *   *  mmc\_remove
             *  mmc\_alive
             *  mmc\_detect
             *  \_mmc\_hw\_reset
         *  mmc ops相关函数
         *   *  mmc\_go\_idle
             *  mmc\_send\_op\_cond
             *  mmc\_all\_send\_cid
             *  mmc\_set\_relative\_addr
             *  mmc\_send\_csd
             *  mmc\_select\_card & mmc\_deselect\_cards
             *  mmc\_get\_ext\_csd
             *  mmc\_switch
             *  mmc\_send\_status
             *  mmc\_send\_cid
             *  mmc\_sleep

## 概述 ##

card相关模块为对应card实现相应的操作，包括初始化操作、以及对应的总线操作集合。负责和对应card协议层相关的东西。  
mmc type card相关代码：

drivers/mmc/core/mmc.c（提供接口）
    drivers/mmc/core/mmc_ops.c（提供和mmc type card协议相关的操作）
    drivers/mmc/core/mmc_ops.h

## 数据结构 ##

### mmc\_ops ###

struct mmc\_bus\_ops表示mmc host在总线上的操作集合，由host的card 设备来决定，mmc type card、sd type card相应的操作集合是不一样的。  
对应的代码：drivers/mmc/core/mmc.c

static const struct mmc_bus_ops mmc_ops = {
    	.remove = mmc_remove,					// 释放mmc type card
    	.detect = mmc_detect,					// 检测mmc总线的mmc type card是否拔出
    	.suspend = mmc_suspend,					// suspend调mmc总线上的mmc type card，注意不仅仅会使card进入sleep state，还会对clock以及mmc cache进行操作
    	.resume = mmc_resume,					// resume上mmc总线上的mmc type card
    	.runtime_suspend = mmc_runtime_suspend,
    	.runtime_resume = mmc_runtime_resume,	
    	.alive = mmc_alive,						// 检测mmc总线上的mmc type card状态是否正常
    	.shutdown = mmc_shutdown,
    	.hw_reset = _mmc_hw_reset,				// mmc type card的hw reset接口
    };

### mmc\_type ###

struct device\_type mmc\_type中为mmc\_card定义了很多属性，可以在sysfs中进行查看。

/sys/class/mmc_host/mmc0/mmc0:0001 或者
    /sys/bus/mmc/devices/mmc0:0001下可以查看到如下属性 block cid csd date driver enhanced_area_offset enhanced_area_size erase_size fwrev hwrev manfid name oemid power preferred_erase_size prv raw_rpmb_size_mult rel_sectors runtime_pm_timeout serial subsystem type uevent

mmc\_type对应实现如下：

static struct attribute *mmc_std_attrs[] = {
    	&dev_attr_cid.attr,
    	&dev_attr_csd.attr,
    	&dev_attr_date.attr,
    	&dev_attr_erase_size.attr,
    	&dev_attr_preferred_erase_size.attr,
    	&dev_attr_fwrev.attr,
    	&dev_attr_ffu_capable.attr,
    	&dev_attr_hwrev.attr,
    	&dev_attr_manfid.attr,
    	&dev_attr_name.attr,
    	&dev_attr_oemid.attr,
    	&dev_attr_prv.attr,
    	&dev_attr_rev.attr,
    	&dev_attr_pre_eol_info.attr,
    	&dev_attr_life_time.attr,
    	&dev_attr_serial.attr,
    	&dev_attr_enhanced_area_offset.attr,
    	&dev_attr_enhanced_area_size.attr,
    	&dev_attr_raw_rpmb_size_mult.attr,
    	&dev_attr_rel_sectors.attr,
    	&dev_attr_ocr.attr,
    	&dev_attr_rca.attr,
    	&dev_attr_dsr.attr,
    	&dev_attr_cmdq_en.attr,
    	NULL,
    };
    ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(mmc_std);
    
    static struct device_type mmc_type = {
    	.groups = mmc_std_groups,
    };

MMC_DEV_ATTR(cid, "%08x%08x%08x%08x\n", card->raw_cid[0], card->raw_cid[1],
    	card->raw_cid[2], card->raw_cid[3]);
    MMC_DEV_ATTR(csd, "%08x%08x%08x%08x\n", card->raw_csd[0], card->raw_csd[1],
    	card->raw_csd[2], card->raw_csd[3]);
    MMC_DEV_ATTR(date, "%02d/%04d\n", card->cid.month, card->cid.year);
    MMC_DEV_ATTR(erase_size, "%u\n", card->erase_size << 9);
    MMC_DEV_ATTR(preferred_erase_size, "%u\n", card->pref_erase << 9);
    MMC_DEV_ATTR(ffu_capable, "%d\n", card->ext_csd.ffu_capable);
    MMC_DEV_ATTR(hwrev, "0x%x\n", card->cid.hwrev);
    MMC_DEV_ATTR(manfid, "0x%06x\n", card->cid.manfid);
    MMC_DEV_ATTR(name, "%s\n", card->cid.prod_name);
    MMC_DEV_ATTR(oemid, "0x%04x\n", card->cid.oemid);
    MMC_DEV_ATTR(prv, "0x%x\n", card->cid.prv);
    MMC_DEV_ATTR(rev, "0x%x\n", card->ext_csd.rev);
    MMC_DEV_ATTR(pre_eol_info, "0x%02x\n", card->ext_csd.pre_eol_info);
    MMC_DEV_ATTR(life_time, "0x%02x 0x%02x\n",
    	card->ext_csd.device_life_time_est_typ_a,
    	card->ext_csd.device_life_time_est_typ_b);
    MMC_DEV_ATTR(serial, "0x%08x\n", card->cid.serial);
    MMC_DEV_ATTR(enhanced_area_offset, "%llu\n",
    		card->ext_csd.enhanced_area_offset);
    MMC_DEV_ATTR(enhanced_area_size, "%u\n", card->ext_csd.enhanced_area_size);
    MMC_DEV_ATTR(raw_rpmb_size_mult, "%#x\n", card->ext_csd.raw_rpmb_size_mult);
    MMC_DEV_ATTR(rel_sectors, "%#x\n", card->ext_csd.rel_sectors);
    MMC_DEV_ATTR(ocr, "0x%08x\n", card->ocr);
    MMC_DEV_ATTR(rca, "0x%04x\n", card->rca);
    MMC_DEV_ATTR(cmdq_en, "%d\n", card->ext_csd.cmdq_en);

## 核心接口说明 ##

### mmc type card匹配相关 ###

#### mmc\_attach\_mmc ####

提供给mmc core主模块使用，用于绑定card到host bus上（也就是card和host的绑定）。通过mmc\_host获取mmc type card信息，初始化mmc\_card，并进行部分驱动，最后将其注册到mmc\_bus上。

主要工作：

*  设置总线模式
 *  选择一个card和host都支持的最低工作电压
 *  对于不同type的card，相应mmc总线上的操作协议也可能有所不同。所以需要设置相应的总线操作集合（mmc\_host->bus\_ops）
 *  初始化card使其进入工作状态（mmc\_init\_card）
 *  为card构造对应的mmc\_card并且注册到mmc\_bus中

代码如下：

/*
     * Starting point for MMC card init.
     */
    int mmc_attach_mmc(struct mmc_host *host)
    {
    	int err;
    	u32 ocr, rocr;
    
    	WARN_ON(!host->claimed);
    
    	/* Set correct bus mode for MMC before attempting attach */
    	/* 在尝试匹配之前，先设置正确的总线模式 */
    	if (!mmc_host_is_spi(host))
    		mmc_set_bus_mode(host, MMC_BUSMODE_OPENDRAIN);
    
    	/* 获取card的ocr寄存器 */
    	// 发送CMD1命令（MMC_SEND_OP_COND），并且参数为0
    	// 这里获取OCR（Operation condition register）
    	// 32位的OCR包含卡设备支持的工作电压表，存储到ocr变量中
    	// 如果Host的IO电压可调整，那调整前需要读取OCR。
    	// 为了不使卡误进入Inactive State，可以给MMC卡发送不带参数的CMD1，
    	// 这样可以仅获取OCR寄存器，而不会改变卡的状态。
    	err = mmc_send_op_cond(host, 0, &ocr);
    	if (err)
    		return err;
    
    	/* 所以这里设置mmc_host的总线操作集合mmc_ops */
    	// 设置host->bus_ops，也就是会为host的bus选择一个操作集
    	mmc_attach_bus(host, &mmc_ops);
    
    	/* 为card选择一个HOST和card都支持的最低电压 */
    	if (host->ocr_avail_mmc)
    		host->ocr_avail = host->ocr_avail_mmc;// 选择mmc的可用ocr值作为host的ocr_avail值
    
    	/*
    	 * We need to get OCR a different way for SPI.
    	 */
    	// mmc_spi需用不同的方法再次获取ocr
    	if (mmc_host_is_spi(host)) {
    		err = mmc_spi_read_ocr(host, 1, &ocr);
    		if (err)
    			goto err;
    	}
    
    	// 通过OCR寄存器选择一个HOST和card都支持的最低电压
    	rocr = mmc_select_voltage(host, ocr);
    
    	/*
    	 * Can we support the voltage of the card?
    	 */
    	if (!rocr) {
    		err = -EINVAL;
    		goto err;
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * Detect and init the card.
    	 */
    	/* 调用mmc_init_card初始化该mmc type card */
    	err = mmc_init_card(host, rocr, NULL);
    	if (err)
    		goto err;
    
    	mmc_release_host(host);
    	// 调用到mmc_add_card，将card注册到设备驱动模型中。
    	// 这时候该mmc_card就挂在了mmc_bus上，
    	// 会和mmc_bus上的block这类mmc driver匹配起来。
    	if (err)
    		goto remove_card;
    
    	mmc_claim_host(host);
    	return 0;
    
    remove_card:
    	mmc_remove_card(host->card);
    	mmc_claim_host(host);
    	host->card = NULL;
    err:
    	mmc_detach_bus(host);
    
    	pr_err("%s: error %d whilst initialising MMC card\n",
    		mmc_hostname(host), err);
    
    	return err;
    }

**重点说明**  
（1）在attach过程中，有一个很重要的函数mmc\_init\_card。  
（2）调用了mmc\_add\_card之后mmc\_card就挂在了mmc\_bus上，会和mmc\_bus上的block（mmc\_driver）匹配起来。相应block（mmc\_driver）就会进行probe，驱动card，实现card的实际功能（也就是存储设备的功能）。会对接到块设备子系统中。具体在学习mmc card driver的时候再说明。

#### mmc\_init\_card ####

mmc\_init\_card用于对mmc type card进行实质性的初始化，并为其分配和初始化一个对应的mmc\_card。这部分和协议相关，需要先学习一下mmc协议。  
**主要工作：**

*  根据协议初始化mmc type card，使其进入相应状态（standby state）
 *  为mmc type card构造对应mmc\_card并进行设置
 *  从card的csd寄存器以及ext\_csd寄存器获取card信息并设置到mmc\_card的相应成员中
 *  根据host属性以及一些需求修改ext\_csd寄存器的值设置mmc总线时钟频率以及位宽

**代码如下：**

/*
     * Handle the detection and initialisation of a card.
     *
     * In the case of a resume, "oldcard" will contain the card
     * we're trying to reinitialise.
     */
    static int mmc_init_card(struct mmc_host *host, u32 ocr,
    	struct mmc_card *oldcard)
    {
    	struct mmc_card *card;
    	int err;
    	u32 cid[4];
    	u32 rocr;
    
    	WARN_ON(!host->claimed);
    
    	/* Set correct bus mode for MMC before attempting init */
    	if (!mmc_host_is_spi(host))
    		mmc_set_bus_mode(host, MMC_BUSMODE_OPENDRAIN);
    
    	/*
    	 * Since we're changing the OCR value, we seem to
    	 * need to tell some cards to go back to the idle
    	 * state.  We wait 1ms to give cards time to
    	 * respond.
    	 * mmc_go_idle is needed for eMMC that are asleep
    	 */
    	/* 根据mmc协议从mmc总线上选中一张card（协议的初始化流程） */
    	// 发送CMD0指令，GO_IDLE_STATE
    	// 使mmc card进入idle state。
    	// 虽然进入到了Idle State，但是上电复位过程并不一定完成了，
    	// 这主要靠读取OCR的busy位来判断，而流程归结为下一步。
    	mmc_go_idle(host);
    
    	/* The extra bit indicates that we support high capacity */
    	// 发送CMD1指令，SEND_OP_COND
    	// 这里会设置card的工作电压寄存器OCR，
    	// 并且通过busy位（bit31）来判断card的上电复位过程是否完成，
    	// 如果没有完成的话需要重复发送。
    	// 完成之后，mmc card进入ready state。
    	err = mmc_send_op_cond(host, ocr | (1 << 30), &rocr);
    	if (err)
    		goto err;
    
    	/*
    	 * For SPI, enable CRC as appropriate.
    	 */
    	if (mmc_host_is_spi(host)) {
    		err = mmc_spi_set_crc(host, use_spi_crc);
    		if (err)
    			goto err;
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * Fetch CID from card.
    	 */
    	// 这里会发送CMD2指令，ALL_SEND_CID
    	// 广播指令，使card回复对应的CID寄存器的值。
    	// 在这里就相应获得了CID寄存器的值了，存储在cid中。
    	// 完成之后，MMC card会进入Identification State。
    	err = mmc_send_cid(host, cid);
    	if (err)
    		goto err;
    
    	if (oldcard) {
    		if (memcmp(cid, oldcard->raw_cid, sizeof(cid)) != 0) {
    			pr_debug("%s: Perhaps the card was replaced\n",
    				mmc_hostname(host));
    			err = -ENOENT;
    			goto err;
    		}
    
    		card = oldcard;
    	} else {
    		/*
    		 * Allocate card structure.
    		 */
    		/* 调用mmc_alloc_card分配一个mmc_card并进行部分设置 */
    		// 为card配分一个struct mmc_card结构体并进行初始化，
    		// 在mmc_type中为mmc定义了大量的属性。
    		card = mmc_alloc_card(host, &mmc_type);
    		if (IS_ERR(card)) {
    			err = PTR_ERR(card);
    			goto err;
    		}
    
    		card->ocr = ocr;
    		card->type = MMC_TYPE_MMC;	// 设置card的type为MMC_TYPE_MMC
    		card->rca = 1;				// 设置card的RCA地址为1
    
    		// 将读到的CID存储到card->raw_cid，也就是原始CID值中
    		memcpy(card->raw_cid, cid, sizeof(card->raw_cid));
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * Call the optional HC's init_card function to handle quirks.
    	 */
    	if (host->ops->init_card)
    		host->ops->init_card(host, card);
    
    	/*
    	 * For native busses:  set card RCA and quit open drain mode.
    	 */
    	if (!mmc_host_is_spi(host)) {
    		err = mmc_set_relative_addr(card);
    		if (err)
    			goto free_card;
    
    		mmc_set_bus_mode(host, MMC_BUSMODE_PUSHPULL);
    	}
    
    	/* 从card的csd寄存器以及ext_csd寄存器获取信息并设置到mmc_card的相应成员中 */
    	if (!oldcard) {
    		/*
    		 * Fetch CSD from card.
    		 */
    		// 发送CMD9指令，MMC_SEND_CSD
    		// 要求mmc card发送csd寄存器，存储到card->raw_csd中，
    		// 也就是原始的csd寄存器的值。
    		// 此时mmc card还是处于standby state
    		err = mmc_send_csd(card, card->raw_csd);
    		if (err)
    			goto free_card;
    
    		// 解析raw_csd，获取到各个bit的值并设置到card->csd中的相应成员上
    		err = mmc_decode_csd(card);
    		if (err)
    			goto free_card;
    
    		// 解析raw_cid，获取到各个bit的值并设置到card->cid中的相应成员上
    		err = mmc_decode_cid(card);
    		if (err)
    			goto free_card;
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * handling only for cards supporting DSR and hosts requesting
    	 * DSR configuration
    	 */
    	if (card->csd.dsr_imp && host->dsr_req)
    		mmc_set_dsr(host);
    
    	/*
    	 * Select card, as all following commands rely on that.
    	 */
    	if (!mmc_host_is_spi(host)) {
    		// 发送CMD7指令，SELECT/DESELECT CARD
    		// 选择或者断开指定的card
    		// 这时卡进入transfer state。
    		// 后续可以通过各种指令进入到receive-data state或者sending-data state
    		// 依次来进行数据的传输
    		err = mmc_select_card(card);
    		if (err)
    			goto free_card;
    	}
    
    	if (!oldcard) {
    		/* Read extended CSD. */
    		// 发送CMD8指令，SEND_EXT_CSD
    		// 这里要求处于transfer state的card发送ext_csd寄存器，
    		// 这里获取之后存放在ext_csd寄存器中
    		// 这里会使card进入sending-data state，
    		// 完成之后又退出到transfer state。
    		err = mmc_read_ext_csd(card);
    		if (err)
    			goto free_card;
    
    		/*
    		 * If doing byte addressing, check if required to do sector
    		 * addressing.  Handle the case of <2GB cards needing sector
    		 * addressing.  See section 8.1 JEDEC Standard JED84-A441;
    		 * ocr register has bit 30 set for sector addressing.
    		 */
    		if (rocr & BIT(30))
    			mmc_card_set_blockaddr(card);
    
    		/* Erase size depends on CSD and Extended CSD */
    		// 设置card的erase_size，扇区里面的擦除字节数，读出来是512K
    		mmc_set_erase_size(card);
    	}
    
    	/* 根据host属性以及一些需求修改ext_csd寄存器的值 */
    
    	/* Enable ERASE_GRP_DEF. This bit is lost after a reset or power off. */
    	if (card->ext_csd.rev >= 3) {
    		// 发送CMD6命令，MMC_SWITCH
    		// 用于设置ext_csd寄存器的某些bit
    		// 当enhanced_area_en 被设置的时候，
    		// host需要去设置ext_csd寄存器中的EXT_CSD_ERASE_GROUP_DEF位为1
    		err = mmc_switch(card, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL,
    				 EXT_CSD_ERASE_GROUP_DEF, 1,
    				 card->ext_csd.generic_cmd6_time);
    
    		if (err && err != -EBADMSG)
    			goto free_card;
    
    		if (err) {
    			err = 0;
    			/*
    			 * Just disable enhanced area off & sz
    			 * will try to enable ERASE_GROUP_DEF
    			 * during next time reinit
    			 */
    			card->ext_csd.enhanced_area_offset = -EINVAL;
    			card->ext_csd.enhanced_area_size = -EINVAL;
    		} else {
    			card->ext_csd.erase_group_def = 1;
    			/*
    			 * enable ERASE_GRP_DEF successfully.
    			 * This will affect the erase size, so
    			 * here need to reset erase size
    			 */
    			mmc_set_erase_size(card);
    		}
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * Ensure eMMC user default partition is enabled
    	 */
    	if (card->ext_csd.part_config & EXT_CSD_PART_CONFIG_ACC_MASK) {
    		card->ext_csd.part_config &= ~EXT_CSD_PART_CONFIG_ACC_MASK;
    		// 发送CMD6命令，MMC_SWITCH
    		// 用于设置ext_csd寄存器的某些bit
    		// 设置ext_csd寄存器中的EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL位为EXT_CSD_PART_CONFIG
    		err = mmc_switch(card, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL, EXT_CSD_PART_CONFIG,
    				 card->ext_csd.part_config,
    				 card->ext_csd.part_time);
    		if (err && err != -EBADMSG)
    			goto free_card;
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * Enable power_off_notification byte in the ext_csd register
    	 */
    	if (card->ext_csd.rev >= 6) {
    		// 发送CMD6命令，MMC_SWITCH
    		// 用于设置ext_csd寄存器的某些bit
    		// 设置ext_csd寄存器中的EXT_CSD_POWER_OFF_NOTIFICATION位为EXT_CSD_POWER_ON
    		err = mmc_switch(card, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL,
    				 EXT_CSD_POWER_OFF_NOTIFICATION,
    				 EXT_CSD_POWER_ON,
    				 card->ext_csd.generic_cmd6_time);
    		if (err && err != -EBADMSG)
    			goto free_card;
    
    		/*
    		 * The err can be -EBADMSG or 0,
    		 * so check for success and update the flag
    		 */
    		if (!err)
    			card->ext_csd.power_off_notification = EXT_CSD_POWER_ON;
    	}
    
    	/* set erase_arg */
    	if (mmc_can_discard(card))
    		card->erase_arg = MMC_DISCARD_ARG;
    	else if (mmc_can_trim(card))
    		card->erase_arg = MMC_TRIM_ARG;
    	else
    		card->erase_arg = MMC_ERASE_ARG;
    
    	/*
    	 * Select timing interface
    	 */
    	// 根据mmc card类型选择时序及时钟速度
    	err = mmc_select_timing(card);
    	if (err)
    		goto free_card;
    
    	if (mmc_card_hs200(card)) {
    		err = mmc_hs200_tuning(card);
    		if (err)
    			goto free_card;
    
    		err = mmc_select_hs400(card);
    		if (err)
    			goto free_card;
    	} else if (!mmc_card_hs400es(card)) {
    		/* Select the desired bus width optionally */
    		err = mmc_select_bus_width(card);
    		if (err > 0 && mmc_card_hs(card)) {
    			err = mmc_select_hs_ddr(card);
    			if (err)
    				goto free_card;
    		}
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * Choose the power class with selected bus interface
    	 */
    	mmc_select_powerclass(card);
    
    	/*
    	 * Enable HPI feature (if supported)
    	 */
    	if (card->ext_csd.hpi) {
    		err = mmc_switch(card, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL,
    				EXT_CSD_HPI_MGMT, 1,
    				card->ext_csd.generic_cmd6_time);
    		if (err && err != -EBADMSG)
    			goto free_card;
    		if (err) {
    			pr_warn("%s: Enabling HPI failed\n",
    				mmc_hostname(card->host));
    			card->ext_csd.hpi_en = 0;
    			err = 0;
    		} else {
    			card->ext_csd.hpi_en = 1;
    		}
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * If cache size is higher than 0, this indicates the existence of cache
    	 * and it can be turned on. Note that some eMMCs from Micron has been
    	 * reported to need ~800 ms timeout, while enabling the cache after
    	 * sudden power failure tests. Let's extend the timeout to a minimum of
    	 * DEFAULT_CACHE_EN_TIMEOUT_MS and do it for all cards.
    	 */
    	if (card->ext_csd.cache_size > 0) {
    		unsigned int timeout_ms = MIN_CACHE_EN_TIMEOUT_MS;
    
    		timeout_ms = max(card->ext_csd.generic_cmd6_time, timeout_ms);
    		err = mmc_switch(card, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL,
    				EXT_CSD_CACHE_CTRL, 1, timeout_ms);
    		if (err && err != -EBADMSG)
    			goto free_card;
    
    		/*
    		 * Only if no error, cache is turned on successfully.
    		 */
    		if (err) {
    			pr_warn("%s: Cache is supported, but failed to turn on (%d)\n",
    				mmc_hostname(card->host), err);
    			card->ext_csd.cache_ctrl = 0;
    			err = 0;
    		} else {
    			card->ext_csd.cache_ctrl = 1;
    		}
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * Enable Command Queue if supported. Note that Packed Commands cannot
    	 * be used with Command Queue.
    	 */
    	card->ext_csd.cmdq_en = false;
    	if (card->ext_csd.cmdq_support && host->caps2 & MMC_CAP2_CQE) {
    		err = mmc_cmdq_enable(card);
    		if (err && err != -EBADMSG)
    			goto free_card;
    		if (err) {
    			pr_warn("%s: Enabling CMDQ failed\n",
    				mmc_hostname(card->host));
    			card->ext_csd.cmdq_support = false;
    			card->ext_csd.cmdq_depth = 0;
    			err = 0;
    		}
    	}
    	/*
    	 * In some cases (e.g. RPMB or mmc_test), the Command Queue must be
    	 * disabled for a time, so a flag is needed to indicate to re-enable the
    	 * Command Queue.
    	 */
    	card->reenable_cmdq = card->ext_csd.cmdq_en;
    
    	if (card->ext_csd.cmdq_en && !host->cqe_enabled) {
    		err = host->cqe_ops->cqe_enable(host, card);
    		if (err) {
    			pr_err("%s: Failed to enable CQE, error %d\n",
    				mmc_hostname(host), err);
    		} else {
    			host->cqe_enabled = true;
    			pr_info("%s: Command Queue Engine enabled\n",
    				mmc_hostname(host));
    		}
    	}
    
    	if (host->caps2 & MMC_CAP2_AVOID_3_3V &&
    	    host->ios.signal_voltage == MMC_SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_330) {
    		pr_err("%s: Host failed to negotiate down from 3.3V\n",
    			mmc_hostname(host));
    		err = -EINVAL;
    		goto free_card;
    	}
    
    	if (!oldcard)
    		host->card = card;
    
    	return 0;
    
    free_card:
    	if (!oldcard)
    		mmc_remove_card(card);
    err:
    	return err;
    }

### mmc\_ops相关函数 ###

#### mmc\_remove ####

/*
     * Host is being removed. Free up the current card.
     */
    static void mmc_remove(struct mmc_host *host)
    {
    	mmc_remove_card(host->card);
    	host->card = NULL;
    }

#### mmc\_alive ####

/*
     * Card detection - card is alive.
     */
    static int mmc_alive(struct mmc_host *host)
    {
    	return mmc_send_status(host->card, NULL);
    }

#### mmc\_detect ####

/*
     * Card detection callback from host.
     */
    /**********************检测mmc总线的mmc type card是否拔出************************/
    static void mmc_detect(struct mmc_host *host)
    {
    	int err;
    
    	// 申请host使用权
    	mmc_get_card(host->card, NULL);
    
    	/*
    	 * Just check if our card has been removed.
    	 */
    	/* 检测card是否被拔出 */
    	err = _mmc_detect_card_removed(host);
    
    	// 释放host使用权
    	mmc_put_card(host->card, NULL);
    
    	/* card确实被拔出，正常释放card */
    	if (err) {
    		mmc_remove(host);
    
    		mmc_claim_host(host);
    		mmc_detach_bus(host);
    		mmc_power_off(host);
    		mmc_release_host(host);
    	}
    }

#### \_mmc\_hw\_reset ####

static int _mmc_hw_reset(struct mmc_host *host)
    {
    	struct mmc_card *card = host->card;
    
    	/*
    	 * In the case of recovery, we can't expect flushing the cache to work
    	 * always, but we have a go and ignore errors.
    	 */
    	mmc_flush_cache(host->card);
    
    	if ((host->caps & MMC_CAP_HW_RESET) && host->ops->hw_reset &&
    	     mmc_can_reset(card)) {
    		/* If the card accept RST_n signal, send it. */
    		mmc_set_clock(host, host->f_init);
    		host->ops->hw_reset(host);
    		/* Set initial state and call mmc_set_ios */
    		mmc_set_initial_state(host);
    	} else {
    		/* Do a brute force power cycle */
    		mmc_power_cycle(host, card->ocr);
    		mmc_pwrseq_reset(host);
    	}
    	return mmc_init_card(host, card->ocr, card);
    }

### mmc ops相关函数 ###

*  mmc\_ops提供了部分和mmc type card协议相关操作，这些操作会在mmc.c中mmc的初始化过程中被使用到。
 *  这些操作都会发起mmc请求，因此会调用mmc core主模块的mmc请求API，会在mmc core中进行说明。

#### mmc\_go\_idle ####

*  发送CMD0指令，GO\_IDLE\_STATE
 *  使mmc card进入idle state。
 *  虽然进入到了Idle State，但是上电复位过程并不一定完成了，这主要靠读取OCR的busy位来判断，而流程归结为下一步。

int mmc_go_idle(struct mmc_host *host)
    {
    	int err;
    	struct mmc_command cmd = {};
    
    	/*
    	 * Non-SPI hosts need to prevent chipselect going active during
    	 * GO_IDLE; that would put chips into SPI mode.  Remind them of
    	 * that in case of hardware that won't pull up DAT3/nCS otherwise.
    	 *
    	 * SPI hosts ignore ios.chip_select; it's managed according to
    	 * rules that must accommodate non-MMC slaves which this layer
    	 * won't even know about.
    	 */
    	if (!mmc_host_is_spi(host)) {
    		mmc_set_chip_select(host, MMC_CS_HIGH);
    		mmc_delay(1);
    	}
    
    	cmd.opcode = MMC_GO_IDLE_STATE;
    	cmd.arg = 0;
    	cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_SPI_R1 | MMC_RSP_NONE | MMC_CMD_BC;
    
    	err = mmc_wait_for_cmd(host, &cmd, 0);
    
    	mmc_delay(1);
    
    	if (!mmc_host_is_spi(host)) {
    		mmc_set_chip_select(host, MMC_CS_DONTCARE);
    		mmc_delay(1);
    	}
    
    	host->use_spi_crc = 0;
    
    	return err;
    }

#### mmc\_send\_op\_cond ####

*  发送CMD1指令，SEND\_OP\_COND
 *  这里会设置card的工作电压寄存器OCR，并且通过busy位（bit31）来判断card的上电复位过程是否完成，如果没有完成的话需要重复发送。
 *  完成之后，mmc card进入ready state。

int mmc_send_op_cond(struct mmc_host *host, u32 ocr, u32 *rocr)
    {
    	struct mmc_command cmd = {};
    	int i, err = 0;
    
    	cmd.opcode = MMC_SEND_OP_COND;
    	cmd.arg = mmc_host_is_spi(host) ? 0 : ocr;
    	cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_SPI_R1 | MMC_RSP_R3 | MMC_CMD_BCR;
    
    	/* 需要判断status的busy（bit31）来判断上电复位是否完成，如果没有完成的话需要重复发送。 */
    	for (i = 100; i; i--) {
    		err = mmc_wait_for_cmd(host, &cmd, 0);
    		if (err)
    			break;
    		
    		/* wait until reset completes */
    		// 如果发送的电压参数存在，则和卡本身的OCR对比，
    		// 若不符合，则卡进入Inactive State，
    		// 符合，则返回OCR寄存器的值。
    		// 同时，需要判断OCR寄存器的busy位来判断上电复位是否完成。
    		if (mmc_host_is_spi(host)) {
    			if (!(cmd.resp[0] & R1_SPI_IDLE))
    				break;
    		} else {
    			if (cmd.resp[0] & MMC_CARD_BUSY)
    				break;
    		}
    
    		err = -ETIMEDOUT;
    
    		mmc_delay(10);
    
    		/*
    		 * According to eMMC specification v5.1 section 6.4.3, we
    		 * should issue CMD1 repeatedly in the idle state until
    		 * the eMMC is ready. Otherwise some eMMC devices seem to enter
    		 * the inactive mode after mmc_init_card() issued CMD0 when
    		 * the eMMC device is busy.
    		 */
    		if (!ocr && !mmc_host_is_spi(host))
    			cmd.arg = cmd.resp[0] | BIT(30);
    	}
    
    	if (rocr && !mmc_host_is_spi(host))
    		*rocr = cmd.resp[0];
    
    	return err;
    }

#### mmc\_all\_send\_cid ####

*  这里会发送CMD2指令，ALL\_SEND\_CID
 *  广播指令，使card回复对应的CID寄存器的值。在这里就相应获得了CID寄存器的值了，存储在cid中。完成之后，MMC card会进入Identification State。

int mmc_send_cid(struct mmc_host *host, u32 *cid)
    {
    	if (mmc_host_is_spi(host))
    		return mmc_spi_send_cid(host, cid);
    
    	return mmc_send_cxd_native(host, 0, cid, MMC_ALL_SEND_CID);
    }
    
    static int
    mmc_send_cxd_native(struct mmc_host *host, u32 arg, u32 *cxd, int opcode)
    {
    	int err;
    	struct mmc_command cmd = {};
    
    	cmd.opcode = opcode;
    	cmd.arg = arg;
    	cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R2 | MMC_CMD_AC;
    
    	err = mmc_wait_for_cmd(host, &cmd, MMC_CMD_RETRIES);
    	if (err)
    		return err;
    
    	memcpy(cxd, cmd.resp, sizeof(u32) * 4);
    
    	return 0;
    }

#### mmc\_set\_relative\_addr ####

*  发送CMD3指令，SET\_RELATIVE\_ADDR
 *  设置该mmc card的关联地址为card->rca，也就是0x0001完成之后，该MMC card进入standby模式。

int mmc_set_relative_addr(struct mmc_card *card)
    {
    	struct mmc_command cmd = {};
    
    	cmd.opcode = MMC_SET_RELATIVE_ADDR;
    	cmd.arg = card->rca << 16;
    	cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R1 | MMC_CMD_AC;
    
    	return mmc_wait_for_cmd(card->host, &cmd, MMC_CMD_RETRIES);
    }

#### mmc\_send\_csd ####

*  发送CMD9指令，MMC\_SEND\_CSD
 *  要求mmc card发送csd寄存器，存储到card->raw\_csd中，也就是原始的csd寄存器的值。此时mmc card还是处于standby state

int mmc_send_csd(struct mmc_card *card, u32 *csd)
    {
    	if (mmc_host_is_spi(card->host))
    		return mmc_spi_send_csd(card, csd);
    
    	return mmc_send_cxd_native(card->host, card->rca << 16,	csd,
    				MMC_SEND_CSD);
    }

#### mmc\_select\_card & mmc\_deselect\_cards ####

*  发送CMD7指令，SELECT/DESELECT CARD
 *  选择或者断开指定的card
 *  这时卡进入transfer state。后续可以通过各种指令进入到receive-data state或者sending-data state依次来进行数据的传输

int mmc_select_card(struct mmc_card *card)
    {
    
    	return _mmc_select_card(card->host, card);
    }
    
    int mmc_deselect_cards(struct mmc_host *host)
    {
    	return _mmc_select_card(host, NULL);
    }
    
    
    static int _mmc_select_card(struct mmc_host *host, struct mmc_card *card)
    {
    	struct mmc_command cmd = {};
    
    	cmd.opcode = MMC_SELECT_CARD;
    
    	if (card) {
    		cmd.arg = card->rca << 16;
    		cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R1 | MMC_CMD_AC;
    	} else {
    		cmd.arg = 0;
    		cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_NONE | MMC_CMD_AC;
    	}
    
    	return mmc_wait_for_cmd(host, &cmd, MMC_CMD_RETRIES);
    }

#### mmc\_get\_ext\_csd ####

*  发送CMD8指令，SEND\_EXT\_CSD
 *  这里要求处于transfer state的card发送ext\_csd寄存器，这里获取之后存放在ext\_csd寄存器中这里会使card进入sending-data state，完成之后又退出到transfer state。

int mmc_get_ext_csd(struct mmc_card *card, u8 **new_ext_csd)
    {
    	int err;
    	u8 *ext_csd;
    
    	if (!card || !new_ext_csd)
    		return -EINVAL;
    
    	// 判断是否支持ext_csd
    	if (!mmc_can_ext_csd(card))
    		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
    
    	/*
    	 * As the ext_csd is so large and mostly unused, we don't store the
    	 * raw block in mmc_card.
    	 */
    	ext_csd = kzalloc(512, GFP_KERNEL);
    	if (!ext_csd)
    		return -ENOMEM;
    
    	// 发送cmd8，通过DATA线获取ext_csd数据
    	err = mmc_send_cxd_data(card, card->host, MMC_SEND_EXT_CSD, ext_csd,
    				512);
    	if (err)
    		kfree(ext_csd);
    	else
    		*new_ext_csd = ext_csd;
    
    	return err;
    }

#### mmc\_switch ####

用于设置ext\_csd寄存器的某些bit

/**
     *	__mmc_switch - modify EXT_CSD register
     *	@card: the MMC card associated with the data transfer
     *	@set: cmd set values
     *	@index: EXT_CSD register index
     *	@value: value to program into EXT_CSD register
     *	@timeout_ms: timeout (ms) for operation performed by register write,
     *                   timeout of zero implies maximum possible timeout
     *	@timing: new timing to change to
     *	@use_busy_signal: use the busy signal as response type
     *	@send_status: send status cmd to poll for busy
     *	@retry_crc_err: retry when CRC errors when polling with CMD13 for busy
     *
     *	Modifies the EXT_CSD register for selected card.
     */
    int __mmc_switch(struct mmc_card *card, u8 set, u8 index, u8 value,
    		unsigned int timeout_ms, unsigned char timing,
    		bool use_busy_signal, bool send_status,	bool retry_crc_err)
    {
    	struct mmc_host *host = card->host;
    	int err;
    	struct mmc_command cmd = {};
    	bool use_r1b_resp = use_busy_signal;
    	unsigned char old_timing = host->ios.timing;
    
    	mmc_retune_hold(host);
    
    	/*
    	 * If the cmd timeout and the max_busy_timeout of the host are both
    	 * specified, let's validate them. A failure means we need to prevent
    	 * the host from doing hw busy detection, which is done by converting
    	 * to a R1 response instead of a R1B. Note, some hosts requires R1B,
    	 * which also means they are on their own when it comes to deal with the
    	 * busy timeout.
    	 */
    	if (!(host->caps & MMC_CAP_NEED_RSP_BUSY) && timeout_ms &&
    	    host->max_busy_timeout && (timeout_ms > host->max_busy_timeout))
    		use_r1b_resp = false;
    
    	/* 主要是根据对应命令构造struct mmc_command */
    	cmd.opcode = MMC_SWITCH;
    	cmd.arg = (MMC_SWITCH_MODE_WRITE_BYTE << 24) |
    		  (index << 16) |
    		  (value << 8) |
    		  set;
    	cmd.flags = MMC_CMD_AC;
    	if (use_r1b_resp) {
    		cmd.flags |= MMC_RSP_SPI_R1B | MMC_RSP_R1B;
    		/*
    		 * A busy_timeout of zero means the host can decide to use
    		 * whatever value it finds suitable.
    		 */
    		cmd.busy_timeout = timeout_ms;
    	} else {
    		cmd.flags |= MMC_RSP_SPI_R1 | MMC_RSP_R1;
    	}
    
    	if (index == EXT_CSD_SANITIZE_START)
    		cmd.sanitize_busy = true;
    
    	/* 调用mmc_wait_for_cmd发送命令请求并且等待命令处理完成。 */
    	err = mmc_wait_for_cmd(host, &cmd, MMC_CMD_RETRIES);
    	if (err)
    		goto out;
    
    	/* No need to check card status in case of unblocking command */
    	if (!use_busy_signal)
    		goto out;
    
    	/*If SPI or used HW busy detection above, then we don't need to poll. */
    	if (((host->caps & MMC_CAP_WAIT_WHILE_BUSY) && use_r1b_resp) ||
    		mmc_host_is_spi(host))
    		goto out_tim;
    
    	/* Let's try to poll to find out when the command is completed. */
    	err = mmc_poll_for_busy(card, timeout_ms, send_status, retry_crc_err);
    	if (err)
    		goto out;
    
    out_tim:
    	/* Switch to new timing before check switch status. */
    	if (timing)
    		mmc_set_timing(host, timing);
    
    	if (send_status) {
    		err = mmc_switch_status(card);
    		if (err && timing)
    			mmc_set_timing(host, old_timing);
    	}
    out:
    	mmc_retune_release(host);
    
    	return err;
    }
    
    
    int mmc_switch(struct mmc_card *card, u8 set, u8 index, u8 value,
    		unsigned int timeout_ms)
    {
    	return __mmc_switch(card, set, index, value, timeout_ms, 0,
    			true, true, false);
    }
    EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mmc_switch);

#### mmc\_send\_status ####

*  发送CMD13命令，MMC\_SEND\_STATUS
 *  要求card发送自己当前的状态寄存器

int mmc_send_status(struct mmc_card *card, u32 *status)
    {
    	return __mmc_send_status(card, status, MMC_CMD_RETRIES);
    }
    EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mmc_send_status);
    
    
    int __mmc_send_status(struct mmc_card *card, u32 *status, unsigned int retries)
    {
    	int err;
    	struct mmc_command cmd = {};
    
    	/* 主要是根据对应命令构造struct mmc_command */
    	cmd.opcode = MMC_SEND_STATUS;
    	if (!mmc_host_is_spi(card->host))
    		cmd.arg = card->rca << 16; // 设置命令的对应参数，这里设置为card的RCA地址
    	
    	// 设置请求的一些标识，包括命令类型，response类型等等
    	cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_SPI_R2 | MMC_RSP_R1 | MMC_CMD_AC;
    
    	/* 调用mmc_wait_for_cmd发送命令请求并且等待命令处理完成。 */
    	err = mmc_wait_for_cmd(card->host, &cmd, retries);
    	if (err)
    		return err;
    
    	/* NOTE: callers are required to understand the difference
    	 * between "native" and SPI format status words!
    	 */
    	/* 对response的处理 */
    	if (status)
    		*status = cmd.resp[0];  // 依照协议，response[0]存储了status，因此这里提取cmd.resp[0]
    
    	return 0;
    }

#### mmc\_send\_cid ####

*  发送CMD10命令，MMC\_SEND\_CID
 *  要求mmc card回复cid寄存器

static int
    mmc_send_cxd_native(struct mmc_host *host, u32 arg, u32 *cxd, int opcode)
    {
    	int err;
    	struct mmc_command cmd = {};
    
    	cmd.opcode = opcode;
    	cmd.arg = arg;
    	cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R2 | MMC_CMD_AC;
    
    	err = mmc_wait_for_cmd(host, &cmd, MMC_CMD_RETRIES);
    	if (err)
    		return err;
    
    	memcpy(cxd, cmd.resp, sizeof(u32) * 4);
    
    	return 0;
    }
    
    int mmc_send_cid(struct mmc_host *host, u32 *cid)
    {
    	if (mmc_host_is_spi(host))
    		return mmc_spi_send_cid(host, cid);
    
    	return mmc_send_cxd_native(host, 0, cid, MMC_ALL_SEND_CID);
    }

#### mmc\_sleep ####

*  发送CMD5命令，MMC\_SLEEP\_AWAKE
 *  使card进入或者退出sleep state，由参数决定。关于sleep state是指card的一种状态，具体参考emmc 5.1协议。

static int mmc_sleep(struct mmc_host *host)
    {
    	struct mmc_command cmd = {};
    	struct mmc_card *card = host->card;
    	unsigned int timeout_ms = DIV_ROUND_UP(card->ext_csd.sa_timeout, 10000);
    	int err;
    
    	/* Re-tuning can't be done once the card is deselected */
    	mmc_retune_hold(host);
    
    	err = mmc_deselect_cards(host);
    	if (err)
    		goto out_release;
    
    	cmd.opcode = MMC_SLEEP_AWAKE;
    	cmd.arg = card->rca << 16;
    	cmd.arg |= 1 << 15;
    
    	/*
    	 * If the max_busy_timeout of the host is specified, validate it against
    	 * the sleep cmd timeout. A failure means we need to prevent the host
    	 * from doing hw busy detection, which is done by converting to a R1
    	 * response instead of a R1B. Note, some hosts requires R1B, which also
    	 * means they are on their own when it comes to deal with the busy
    	 * timeout.
    	 */
    	if (!(host->caps & MMC_CAP_NEED_RSP_BUSY) && host->max_busy_timeout &&
    	    (timeout_ms > host->max_busy_timeout)) {
    		cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R1 | MMC_CMD_AC;
    	} else {
    		cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R1B | MMC_CMD_AC;
    		cmd.busy_timeout = timeout_ms;
    	}
    
    	err = mmc_wait_for_cmd(host, &cmd, 0);
    	if (err)
    		goto out_release;
    
    	/*
    	 * If the host does not wait while the card signals busy, then we will
    	 * will have to wait the sleep/awake timeout.  Note, we cannot use the
    	 * SEND_STATUS command to poll the status because that command (and most
    	 * others) is invalid while the card sleeps.
    	 */
    	if (!cmd.busy_timeout || !(host->caps & MMC_CAP_WAIT_WHILE_BUSY))
    		mmc_delay(timeout_ms);
    
    out_release:
    	mmc_retune_release(host);
    	return err;
    }

[mmc subsystem_ mmc core_card_mmc type card]: https://blog.csdn.net/ooonebook/article/details/55001322