【Java多线程】Executor框架的详解

系统管理员 2022-06-17 11:26 161阅读 0赞

在Java中，使用线程来异步执行任务。Java线程的创建与销毁需要一定的开销，如果我们为每一个任务创建一个新线程来执行，这些线程的创建与销毁将消耗大量的计算资源。同时，为每一个任务创建一个新线程来执行，这种策略可能会使处于高负荷状态的应用最终崩溃。

Java线程既是工作单元，也是执行单元。从JDK1.5开始，把工作单元与执行机制分离开来。工作单元包括Runnable 和 Callable，而执行机制由Executor框架提供。

## Executor框架简介 ##

### Executor框架的两级调度模型 ###

在HotSpot VM的线程模型中，Java线程被一对一映射为本地操作系统线程。Java线程启动时会创建一个本地操作系统线程；当Java线程终止时，这个操作系统线程也会被回收。操作系统会调用所有线程并将他们分配给可用的CPU。

可以将此种模式分为两层，在上层，Java多线程程序通常把应用程序分解为若干任务，然后使用用户级的调度器（Executor框架）讲这些任务映射为固定数量的线程；在底层，操作系统内核将这些线程映射到硬件处理器上。

两级调度模型的示意图：

![这里写图片描述][20160809125822756]

从图中可以看出，该框架用来控制应用程序的上层调度（下层调度由操作系统内核控制，不受应用程序的控制）。

### Executor框架的结构和成员 ###

#### Executor框架的结构 ####

1. 任务

包括被执行任务需要实现的接口：Runnable接口和Callable接口

2. 任务的执行

包括任务执行机制的核心接口Executor，以及继承自Executor的ExecutorService接口。

Executor框架有两个关键类实现了ExecutorService接口：[ThreadPoolExecutor ][ThreadPoolExecutor]和 ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor

3. 异步计算的结果

包括Future和实现Future接口的FutureTask类。

#### Executor框架的类与接口 ####

示意图

![926638-20170420102909977-1095081386.png][]

*  Executor是一个接口，他是Executor框架的基础，它将任务的提交与任务的执行分离。
 *  [ThreadPoolExecutor][]是线程池的核心实现类，用来执行被提交的任务。
 *  ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor是一个实现类，可以在给定的延迟后运行命令，或者定期执行命令。ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor 比 Timer 更灵活，功能更强大。
 *  Future接口和它的实现FutureTask类，代表异步计算的结果。
 *  Runnable和Callable接口的实现类，都可以被ThreadPoolExecutor 或 ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor 执行。

#### Executor框架的使用 ####

先来看个图：

![926638-20170420104205743-31217365.png][]

1.  主线程首先要创建实现 Runnable接口或者Callable接口的任务对象。工具类Executors可以把一个Runnable对象封装为一个Callable对象  
    
    
    <table style="border:1px solid silver; width:1079px; border-collapse:collapse; word-break:break-word; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:12px!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important"> 
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         <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important"> 
          <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">Executors.callable(Runnale task);</code> 
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         <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important"> 
          <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">或</code> 
         </div> 
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          <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">Executors.callable(Runnable task, Object resule);</code> 
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2.  然后可以把Runnable对象直接交给ExecutorService执行  
    
    
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     <tbody style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important"> 
      <tr style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important"> 
       <td style="padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:35px!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(175,175,175)!important; background:none!important"> 
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          3 
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        <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important"> 
         <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important"> 
          <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">ExecutorServicel.execute(Runnable command);</code> 
         </div> 
         <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important"> 
          <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">或者也可以把Runnable对象或Callable对象提交给ExecutorService执行</code> 
         </div> 
         <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important"> 
          <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">ExecutorService.submit(Runnable task);</code> 
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    如果执行ExecutorService.submit(...)，ExecutorService将返回一个实现Future接口的对象(到目前为止的JDK中，返回的是FutureTask对象)。由于FutureTask实现了Runnable接口，我们也可以创建FutureTask类，然后直接交给ExecutorService执行。　　
3.  最后，主线程可以执行FutureTask.get()方法来等待任务执行完成。主线程也可以执行FutureTask.cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning)来取消此任务的执行。

##  ThreadPoolExecutor详解 ##

Executor框架最核心的类是[ThreadPoolExecutor][]

###  ThreadPoolExecutor的组件构成 ###

*  corePool：核心线程池的大小
 *  maximumPool：最大线程池的大小
 *  BlockingQueue：用来暂时保存任务的工作队列
 *  RejectedExecutionHandler：当ThreadPoolExecutor已经关闭或ThreadPoolExecutor已经饱和时(达到了最大线程池的大小且工作队列已满)，execute()方法将要调用的Handler。

Executor 可 以 创 建 3 种 类 型 的 [ThreadPoolExecutor ][ThreadPoolExecutor]线 程 池：

###  1. FixedThreadPool ###

创建固定长度的线程池，每次提交任务创建一个线程，直到达到线程池的最大数量，线程池的大小不再变化。

这个线程池可以创建固定线程数的线程池。特点就是可以重用固定数量线程的线程池。它的构造源码如下：

<table style="border:1px solid silver; width:1119px; border-collapse:collapse; word-break:break-word; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:12px!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important"> 
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    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important">
      1 
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      3 
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      4 
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    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important">
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    </div> </td> 
   <td style="padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important"> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important"> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important; background:none!important">public</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important; background:none!important">static</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important; background:none!important">int</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">nThreads) {&nbsp;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important; background:none!important">return</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important; background:none!important">new</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads, 0L,</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,&nbsp;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important; background:none!important">new</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">LinkedBlockingQueue&lt;Runnable&gt;());&nbsp;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">}&nbsp;</code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

*  FixedThreadPool的corePoolSize和maxiumPoolSize都被设置为创建FixedThreadPool时指定的参数nThreads。
 *  0L则表示当线程池中的线程数量操作核心线程的数量时，多余的线程将被立即停止
 *  最后一个参数表示FixedThreadPool使用了无界队列LinkedBlockingQueue作为线程池的做工队列，由于是无界的，当线程池的线程数达到corePoolSize后，新任务将在无界队列中等待，因此线程池的线程数量不会超过corePoolSize，同时maxiumPoolSize也就变成了一个无效的参数，并且运行中的线程池并不会拒绝任务。

FixedThreadPool运行图如下

![926638-20170420111954915-1390955029.png][]

执行过程如下：

1.如果当前工作中的线程数量少于corePool的数量，就创建新的线程来执行任务。

2.当线程池的工作中的线程数量达到了corePool，则将任务加入LinkedBlockingQueue。

3.线程执行完1中的任务后会从队列中去任务。

注意LinkedBlockingQueue是无界队列，所以可以一直添加新任务到线程池。

### 2. SingleThreadExecutor　　 ###

SingleThreadExecutor是使用单个worker线程的Executor。特点是使用单个工作线程执行任务。它的构造源码如下：

<table style="border:1px solid silver; width:1119px; border-collapse:collapse; word-break:break-word; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:12px!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important"> 
  <tr style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important"> 
   <td style="padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:35px!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(175,175,175)!important; background:none!important"> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important">
      1 
    </div> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important">
      2 
    </div> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important">
      3 
    </div> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important">
      4 
    </div> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important">
      5 
    </div> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important">
      6 
    </div> </td> 
   <td style="padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important"> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important"> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important; background:none!important">public</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important; background:none!important">static</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() { </code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important; background:none!important">return</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important; background:none!important">new</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">(</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important; background:none!important">new</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">ThreadPoolExecutor(</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,153,0)!important; background:none!important">1</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">,&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,153,0)!important; background:none!important">1</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">,</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important; background:none!important">new</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">LinkedBlockingQueue&lt;Runnable&gt;()));</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">}</code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

SingleThreadExecutor的corePoolSize和maxiumPoolSize都被设置1。

其他参数均与FixedThreadPool相同，其运行图如下：

![926638-20170420112245462-2072409666.png][]

执行过程如下：

1.如果当前工作中的线程数量少于corePool的数量，就创建一个新的线程来执行任务。

2.当线程池的工作中的线程数量达到了corePool，则将任务加入LinkedBlockingQueue。

3.线程执行完1中的任务后会从队列中去任务。

注意：由于在线程池中只有一个工作线程，所以任务可以按照添加顺序执行。

###  3. CachedThreadPool ###

CachedThreadPool是一个”无限“容量的线程池，它会根据需要创建新线程。特点是可以根据需要来创建新的线程执行任务，没有特定的corePool。下面是它的构造方法：

<table style="border:1px solid silver; width:1119px; border-collapse:collapse; word-break:break-word; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:12px!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important"> 
  <tr style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important"> 
   <td style="padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:35px!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(175,175,175)!important; background:none!important"> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important">
      1 
    </div> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important">
      2 
    </div> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important">
      3 
    </div> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important">
      4 
    </div> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important">
      5 
    </div> </td> 
   <td style="padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important"> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important"> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important; background:none!important">public</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important; background:none!important">static</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() { </code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important; background:none!important">return</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important; background:none!important">new</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">ThreadPoolExecutor(</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,153,0)!important; background:none!important">0</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">, Integer.MAX_VALUE,</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important; background:none!important">new</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">SynchronousQueue&lt;Runnable&gt;());</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">}</code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

CachedThreadPool的corePoolSize被设置为0，即corePool为空；maximumPoolSize被设置为Integer.MAX\_VALUE，即maximum是无界的。这里keepAliveTime设置为60秒，意味着空闲的线程最多可以等待任务60秒，否则将被回收。

CachedThreadPool使用没有容量的SynchronousQueue作为主线程池的工作队列，它是一个没有容量的阻塞队列。每个插入操作必须等待另一个线程的对应移除操作。这意味着，如果主线程提交任务的速度高于线程池中处理任务的速度时，CachedThreadPool会不断创建新线程。极端情况下，CachedThreadPool会因为创建过多线程而耗尽CPU资源。其运行图如下：

![926638-20170420112615102-1872791768.png][]

执行过程如下：

1.首先执行SynchronousQueue.offer(Runnable task)。如果在当前的线程池中有空闲的线程正在执行SynchronousQueue.poll()，那么主线程执行的offer操作与空闲线程执行的poll操作配对成功，主线程把任务交给空闲线程执行。，execute()方法执行成功，否则执行步骤2

2.当线程池为空(初始maximumPool为空)或没有空闲线程时，配对失败，将没有线程执行SynchronousQueue.poll操作。这种情况下，线程池会创建一个新的线程执行任务。

3.在创建完新的线程以后，将会执行poll操作。当步骤2的线程执行完成后，将等待60秒，如果此时主线程提交了一个新任务，那么这个空闲线程将执行新任务，否则被回收。因此长时间不提交任务的CachedThreadPool不会占用系统资源。

SynchronousQueue是一个不存储元素阻塞队列，每次要进行offer操作时必须等待poll操作，否则不能继续添加元素。

[20160809125822756]: /images/20220617/f3c4a6a3e65d40bcaa18a4c087b7babe.png
[ThreadPoolExecutor]: http://www.cnblogs.com/study-everyday/p/6707968.html
[926638-20170420102909977-1095081386.png]: /images/20220617/706ddb885b2a454da2c9e80cb9447a6e.png
[926638-20170420104205743-31217365.png]: /images/20220617/58c9d253ffee42efb5e044b5e0f583cd.png
[926638-20170420111954915-1390955029.png]: /images/20220617/2e54abd0e5864ec393b4d9b38cf1209c.png
[926638-20170420112245462-2072409666.png]: /images/20220617/f79391627a334641bf9656630e13b1b2.png
[926638-20170420112615102-1872791768.png]: /images/20220617/68ed73141fd74537b07a527b00d41d88.png