自己动手学TCP/IP--以太网帧

谁践踏了优雅 2022-06-09 04:47 158阅读 0赞

数据链路层主要的功能

*  把网络层的包封装成帧
 *  对帧的校验和确认
 *  流量的控制

数据链路层生成以太网帧，以太网帧的主要格式如下。

![mac.gif][]

太网帧的传输大小是由传输媒介决定的，数据帧的大小是64—1518。帧头14个字节，分别是目标MAC地址

（6个字节）+源MAC地址（6个字节）+协议类型（2个字节），帧尾是32位的CRC冗余校验。对于两个字

节协议字段，0×0800主要用于IP协议，还有一些其他的网络协议，比如Novell IPX等。

这里先介绍以太网帧头格式，用libcap抓出来的包最后的CRC冗余校验已经在物理网卡上完成。下面是代码

#include <pcap.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h> 				
    #include <string.h>
    #include <sys/socket.h>
    #include <arpa/inet.h>		
    #include <net/ethernet.h>
    #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>	//Provides declarations for icmp header
    #include <netinet/udp.h>		//Provides declarations for udp header
    #include <netinet/tcp.h>		//Provides declarations for tcp header
    #include <netinet/ip.h>		//Provides declarations for ip header
    
    #define BUFFER_SIZE 2048
    #define HIGH4(a) (((a&0xf0))>>4)
    #define LOW4(a) (a&0x0f)
    
    int size ;
    
    void process_packet(u_char *args, const struct pcap_pkthdr *header, const u_char *buffer);
    
    void print_mac(const u_char *packet_buffer);
    void mac_to_str(char *szMac, unsigned char mac[6]);
    
    int main(int argc,char *argv[])
    {
    	pcap_if_t *alldevsp , *device;
    	pcap_t *handle; //Handle of the device that shall be sniffed
    
    	char errbuf[100] , *devname , devs[100][100];
    	int count = 1 , n;
    
    	//First get the list of available devices
    	printf("Finding available devices ... ");
    	if( pcap_findalldevs( &alldevsp , errbuf) )
    	{
    		printf("Error finding devices : %s" , errbuf);
    		exit(1);
    	}
    	printf("Done");
    
    	//Print the available devices
    	printf("\nAvailable Devices are :\n");
    	for(device = alldevsp ; device != NULL ; device = device->next)
    	{
    		printf("%d. %s - %s\n" , count , device->name , device->description);
    		if(device->name != NULL)
    		{
    			strcpy(devs[count] , device->name);
    		}
    		count++;
    	}
    
    	//Ask user which device to sniff
    	printf("Enter the number of the device you want to sniff : ");
    	scanf("%d" , &n);
    	devname = devs[n];
    
    	//Open the device for sniffing
    	printf("Opening device %s for sniffing ... " , devname);
    	handle = pcap_open_live(devname , 65536 , 1 , 0 , errbuf);
    
    	if (handle == NULL)
    	{
    		fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open device %s : %s\n" , devname , errbuf);
    		exit(1);
    	}
    	printf("Done\n");
    
    	//Put the device in sniff loop
    	pcap_loop(handle , -1 , process_packet , NULL);
    
    	return 0;
    }
    
    void process_packet(u_char *args, const struct pcap_pkthdr *header, const u_char *buffer)
    {
    	size = header->len;
    	print_mac(buffer);
    }
    
    void print_mac(const u_char *packet_buffer)
    {
    	struct ethhdr *ethernet_header = NULL;			//ether header	
    	char sour_mac[40] = {'\0'};			//<linux/if_ether.h>
    	char des_mac[40] = {'\0'};			//#define ETH_ALEN   6
    	ethernet_header = (struct ethhdr *)packet_buffer;
    	
    	mac_to_str(sour_mac,ethernet_header->h_source);
    	mac_to_str(des_mac,ethernet_header->h_dest);
    	printf("length of ethernet_head : %d \n",sizeof(struct ethhdr));
    	printf("des_MAC : %s\n",des_mac);
    	printf("sour_MAC : %s\n",sour_mac);
    	printf("Protocal : %x\n",ntohs(ethernet_header->h_proto));
    }
    
    //MAC地址翻译
    void mac_to_str(char *szMac, unsigned char mac[6])
    {
    	sprintf(szMac, "%X%X:%X%X:%X%X:%X%X:%X%X:%X%X"
    			, HIGH4(mac[0]), LOW4(mac[0])
    			, HIGH4(mac[1]), LOW4(mac[1])
    			, HIGH4(mac[2]), LOW4(mac[2])
    			, HIGH4(mac[3]), LOW4(mac[3])
    			, HIGH4(mac[4]), LOW4(mac[4])
    			, HIGH4(mac[5]), LOW4(mac[5])
    			);
    }

$ gcc get\_mac.c -o get\_mac -lpcap

[mac.gif]: /images/20220609/d637b84384c24e61adab6f72fce49454.png