spring cloud 实战项目搭建

- 日理万妓 2022-05-31 04:53 182阅读 0赞

## Spring Cloud简介 ##

Spring Cloud是一个基于Spring Boot实现的云应用开发工具，它为基于JVM的云应用开发中的配置管理、服务发现、断路器、智能路由、微代理、控制总线、全局锁、决策竞选、分布式会话和集群状态管理等操作提供了一种简单的开发方式。

Spring Cloud包含了多个子项目（针对分布式系统中涉及的多个不同开源产品），比如：Spring Cloud Config、Spring Cloud Netflix、Spring Cloud CloudFoundry、Spring Cloud AWS、Spring Cloud Security、Spring Cloud Commons、Spring Cloud Zookeeper、Spring Cloud CLI等项目。

## 1.搭建eureka服务 ##

## ##

1.1 创建springboot项目

[ http://start.spring.io/][http_start.spring.io] 自定义spring boot在线maven构建工具很方便

![SouthEast][]

1.2 修改pom文件，添加spring cloud 依赖如下

<dependencies>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    			<scope>test</scope>
    		</dependency>
    		 
    		 <dependency>
    		    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
    		 </dependency>
    	</dependencies>
    	
    	<dependencyManagement>
    	    <dependencies>
    	        <dependency>
    			    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    			    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
    			    <version>Dalston.RELEASE</version>
    			    <type>pom</type>
    			    <scope>import</scope>
    			</dependency>
    	    </dependencies>
    	</dependencyManagement><version>Dalston.RELEASE</version>
    			    <type>pom</type>
    			    <scope>import</scope>
    			</dependency>
    	    </dependencies>
    	</dependencyManagement>

代码中加红的部分是对应的版本

如果 spring boot的版本是 1.4之前 对应的版本是Brixton.RELEASE，1.4之后 对应的Dalston.RELEASE版本如果对应不起来会报错

1.3 在启动类上加上注解 如下

@EnableEurekaServer
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class SpringCloudApplication {
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudApplication.class, args);
    	}
    }
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class SpringCloudApplication {
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudApplication.class, args);
    	}
    }

1.4 配置文件application.properties

#端口号
    server.port=1111
    # eureka.client.registerWithEureka ：表示是否将自己注册到Eureka Server，默认为true。
    # 由于当前这个应用就是Eureka Server，故而设为false  
    eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
    # eureka.client.fetchRegistry ：表示是否从Eureka Server获取注册信息，默认为true。因为这是一个单点的Eureka Server，
    # 不需要同步其他的Eureka Server节点的数据，故而设为false。  
    eureka.client.fetch-registry=false
    # eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone ：设置与Eureka Server交互的地址，查询服务和注册服务都需要依赖这个地址。默认是
    eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:1111/eureka/

配置好了以后启动  访问 [http://localhost:1111/][http_localhost_1111] 就出现了spring cloud 管理中心

## 2.搭建服务端 ##

2.1 创建springboot项目同上

2.2 修改pom文件，添加spring cloud 依赖如下

<parent>
    		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    		<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
    		<relativePath/> 
    	</parent>
    
    	<properties>
    		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
    	</properties>
    
    	<dependencies>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    		  	<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    		  	<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    		 
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    			<scope>test</scope>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>  
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>  
            </dependency>
    	</dependencies>
    	
    	<dependencyManagement>
    	    <dependencies>
    	        <dependency>
    			    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    			    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
    			    <version>Dalston.RELEASE</version>
    			    <type>pom</type>
    			    <scope>import</scope>
    			</dependency>
    	    </dependencies>
    	</dependencyManagement>
    
    	<build>
    		<plugins>
    			<plugin>
    				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    			</plugin>
    		</plugins>
    	</build>

2.3 在启动类上加上注解 如下

@SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaClient
    @EnableFeignClients
    public class SpringServiceApplication {
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		SpringApplication.run(SpringServiceApplication.class, args);
    	}
    }

2.4 配置文件application.properties

#服务名称
    spring.application.name=compute-service1
    #端口号
    server.port=2222
    #注册中心
    eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:1111/eureka/
    spring.cloud.config.discovery.enabled=true
    #注册中心的服务id
    spring.cloud.config.discovery.serviceId=compute-server

2.5启动项目后如下图

红框内就是启动的项目，显示的是服务的id和端口号

![2018030516223096][]

## 3 spring cloud 路由网关服务 ##

3.1 创建 spring boot项目 同上

3.2 修改pom文件，添加spring cloud 依赖如下

<groupId>com.xue</groupId>
    	<artifactId>sring-zuul</artifactId>
    	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    	<packaging>jar</packaging>
    
    	<name>sring-zuul</name>
    	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
    	<parent>
    		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    		<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
    		<relativePath/> 
    	</parent>
    
    	<properties>
    		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
    	</properties>
    
    	<dependencies>
    		<dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
    	</dependencies>
    	 <dependencyManagement>
    	    <dependencies>
    	        <dependency>
    			    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    			    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
    			    <version>Dalston.RELEASE</version>
    			    <type>pom</type>
    			    <scope>import</scope>
    			</dependency>
    	    </dependencies>
    	</dependencyManagement>
    	<build>
    		<plugins>
    			<plugin>
    				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    			</plugin>
    		</plugins>
    	</build>

3.3 在启动类上加上注解 如下

@EnableZuulProxy
    @EnableEurekaClient
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class SringZuulApplication {
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		SpringApplication.run(SringZuulApplication.class, args);
    	}
    }

3.4 配置文件application.properties

eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:1111/eureka/
    server.port=3333
    spring.application.name=service-zuul
    #表示只要访问以/api-a/开头的多层目录都可以路由到 id为compute-service1的服务上
    zuul.routes.compute-service1=/api-a/**

\#表示只要访问以/api-a/开头的多层目录都可以路由到 id为compute-service1的服务上  
zuul.routes.compute-service1=/api-a/\*\*  
上面的一行等同于下面的两行  
zuul.routes.api-a.path=/api-a/\*\*  
zuul.routes.api-a.serviceId=compute-service1

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th style="border-color:#e6e6e6;">通配符</th> 
   <th style="border-color:#e6e6e6;">含义</th> 
   <th style="border-color:#e6e6e6;">举例</th> 
   <th style="border-color:#e6e6e6;">解释</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-color:#e6e6e6;">?</td> 
   <td style="border-color:#e6e6e6;">匹配任意单个字符</td> 
   <td style="border-color:#e6e6e6;">/feign-consumer/?</td> 
   <td style="border-color:#e6e6e6;">匹配/feign-consumer/a,/feign-consumer/b,/feign-consumer/c等</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-color:#e6e6e6;">*</td> 
   <td style="border-color:#e6e6e6;">匹配任意数量的字符</td> 
   <td style="border-color:#e6e6e6;">/feign-consumer/*</td> 
   <td style="border-color:#e6e6e6;">匹配/feign-consumer/aaa,feign-consumer/bbb,/feign-consumer/ccc等，无法匹配/feign-consumer/a/b/c</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-color:#e6e6e6;">**</td> 
   <td style="border-color:#e6e6e6;">匹配任意数量的字符</td> 
   <td style="border-color:#e6e6e6;">/feign-consumer/*</td> 
   <td style="border-color:#e6e6e6;">匹配/feign-consumer/aaa,feign-consumer/bbb,/feign-consumer/ccc等，也可以匹配/feign-consumer/a/b/c</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

3.4 启动项目 测试

![20180305164858543][]

3.5服务过滤

zuul不仅只是路由，并且还能过滤，做一些安全验证。继续改造工程；

@Component
    public class MyFilter extends ZuulFilter{
    
        private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyFilter.class);
        @Override
        public String filterType() {
            return "pre";
        }
    
        @Override
        public int filterOrder() {
            return 0;
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean shouldFilter() {
            return true;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Object run() {
            RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
            HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
            log.info(String.format("%s >>> %s", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString()));
            Object accessToken = request.getParameter("token");
            if(accessToken == null) {
                log.warn("token is empty");
                ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
                ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401);
                try {
                    ctx.getResponse().getWriter().write("token is empty");
                }catch (Exception e){}
    
                return null;
            }
            log.info("ok");
            return null;
        }
    }

*  filterType：返回一个字符串代表过滤器的类型，在zuul中定义了四种不同生命周期的过滤器类型，具体如下： 
    
     *  pre：路由之前
     *  routing：路由之时
     *  post： 路由之后
     *  error：发送错误调用
     *  filterOrder：过滤的顺序
     *  shouldFilter：这里可以写逻辑判断，是否要过滤，本文true,永远过滤。
     *  run：过滤器的具体逻辑。可用很复杂，包括查sql，nosql去判断该请求到底有没有权限访问。

总结

项目源码地址： [springcloud项目源码][springcloud]

[http_start.spring.io]: http://start.spring.io/
[SouthEast]: /images/20220531/3f55b229af13476396725f7891bbb397.png
[http_localhost_1111]: http://localhost:1111/
[2018030516223096]: /images/20220531/44c5a3c5e3d245298fb5313d48ed55ab.png
[20180305164858543]: /images/20220531/ef4d0dc351194606952e505981c20f16.png
[springcloud]: http://download.csdn.net/download/u010938610/10270291