Linux初窥：CentOS配置本地yum源与网络yum源

以你之姓@ 2022-05-21 08:51 231阅读 0赞

原文地址：[https://blog.csdn.net/kangvcar/article/details/73477730 ][https_blog.csdn.net_kangvcar_article_details_73477730]

# 一、用Centos镜像搭建本地yum源 #

由于安装centos后的默认yum源为centos的官方地址，所以在国内使用很慢甚至无法访问，所以一般的做法都是把默认的yum源替换成aliyun的yum源或者163等国内的yum源(下文介绍如何配置)。

但是以上的方法都是需要网络的，当没有网络的时候就无法使用了，所以还有一个常用的方法就是用Centos的iso镜像搭建本地yum源，这样安装软件的速度就会飞快，缺点是可能有些包没有。

## 1.安装Centos后默认的yum源如下 ##

[root@kangvcar ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
    total 32
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Base.repo
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-CR.repo
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 290 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Media.repo
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Sources.repo
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1952 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Vault.repo

## 2.把默认yum源备份(可选) ##

[root@kangvcar ~]# mkdir /opt/centos-yum.bak
    [root@kangvcar ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /opt/centos-yum.bak/

## 3.在虚拟机上挂载CentOS镜像文件 ##

![70][]

[root@kangvcar ~]# mount -t iso9660 /dev/sr0 /opt/centos
    mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

## 4.编写repo文件并指向镜像的挂载目录 ##

[root@kangvcar ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
    [local]
    name=local
    baseurl=file:///opt/centos
    enabled=1
    gpgcheck=0

## 5.清除缓存 ##

[root@kangvcar ~]# yum clean all
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    Cleaning repos: local
    Cleaning up everything
    Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
    [root@kangvcar ~]# yum makecache //把yum源缓存到本地，加快软件的搜索好安装速度
    [root@kangvcar ~]# yum list //列出了3780个包

# 二、把默认的CentOS yum源修改成国内的aliyun yum源 #

## 1.安装Centos后默认的yum源如下 ##

## 2.把默认yum源备份(可选) ##

[root@kangvcar ~]# mkdir /opt/centos-yum.bak
    [root@kangvcar ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /opt/centos-yum.bak/

## 3.下载aliyun yum源repo文件(对应自己的系统版本下载即可) ##

#各系统版本repo文件对应的下载操作
    CentOS 5
    wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo
    CentOS 6
    wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
    CentOS 7
    wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

[root@kangvcar ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release //查看系统的版本
    CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
    [root@kangvcar ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
    --2017-06-20 06:43:08-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
    Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 112.124.140.210, 115.28.122.210
    Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|112.124.140.210|:80... connected.
    HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
    Length: 2573 (2.5K) [application/octet-stream]
    Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’
    100%[=======================================================================================================>] 2,573 --.-K/s in 0s
    2017-06-20 06:43:08 (118 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ saved [2573/2573]

## 4.清除缓存 ##

[root@kangvcar ~]# yum clean all
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    Cleaning repos: base extras updates
    Cleaning up everything
    Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
    [root@kangvcar ~]# yum makecache //把yum源缓存到本地，加快软件的搜索好安装速度
    [root@kangvcar ~]# yum list //总共列出了9954个包

# 三、把默认的CentOS yum源修改成国内的163源 #

163官方教程：[http://mirrors.163.com/.help/centos.html][http_mirrors.163.com_.help_centos.html]

## 1.安装Centos后默认的yum源如下 ##

## 2.把默认yum源备份(可选) ##

[root@kangvcar ~]# mkdir /opt/centos-yum.bak
    [root@kangvcar ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /opt/centos-yum.bak/

## 3.下载163 yum源repo文件 ##

#各系统版本repo文件对应的下载操作
    CentOS 5
    wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS5-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS5-Base-163.repo
    CentOS 6
    wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS6-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
    CentOS 7
    wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

[root@kangvcar ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release //查看系统的版本
    CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
    [root@kangvcar ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
    --2017-06-20 06:29:47-- http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
    Resolving mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)... 123.58.173.185, 123.58.173.186
    Connecting to mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)|123.58.173.185|:80... connected.
    HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
    Length: 1572 (1.5K) [application/octet-stream]
    Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo’
    100%[=======================================================================================================>] 1,572 --.-K/s in 0s
    2017-06-20 06:29:47 (293 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo’ saved [1572/1572]

## 4.清除缓存 ##

# 四、修改yum源的优先级 #

当既有本地yum源又有163源的时候，我们在装软件包的时候当然希望先用本地的yum源去安装，本地找不到可用的包时再使用163源去安装软件,这里就涉及到了优先级的问题，yum提供的插件yum-plugin-priorities.noarch可以解决这个问题。

## 1.查看系统是否安装了优先级的插件 ##

[root@kangvcar ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum-plugin-
    yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch
    //这里看到没有安装yum-plugin-priorities.noarch这个插件
    [root@kangvcar ~]# yum search yum-plugin-priorities
    //用search查看是否有此插件可用
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
    * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
    * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
    * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
    ====================================================== N/S matched: yum-plugin-priorities =======================================================
    yum-plugin-priorities.noarch : plugin to give priorities to packages from different repos

## 2.安装yum-plugin-priorities.noarch插件 ##

[root@kangvcar ~]# yum -y install yum-plugin-priorities.noarch

## 3.查看插件是否启用 ##

[root@kangvcar ~]# cat /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/priorities.conf
    [main]
    enabled = 1
    //1为启用；0为禁用

## 4.修改本地yum源优先使用 ##

[root@kangvcar ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
    total 8
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2573 May 15 2015 CentOS-Base.repo
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 67 Jun 20 06:04 local.repo
    //有两个repo文件
    [root@kangvcar ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
    [local]
    name=local
    baseurl=file:///opt/centos
    enabled=1
    gpgcheck=0
    priority=1
    //在原基础上加入priority=1 ；数字越小优先级越高
    //可以继续修改其他源的priority值，经测试仅配置本地源的优先级为priority=1就会优先使用本地源了

## 5.测试 ##

配置优先级前：(使用阿里云yum源)
    [root@kangvcar ~]# yum -y install vim
    Dependencies Resolved
    =================================================================================================================================================
    Package Arch Version Repository Size
    =================================================================================================================================================
    Installing:
    vim-enhanced x86_64 2:7.4.160-1.el7_3.1 updates 1.0 M
    Updating for dependencies:
    vim-common x86_64 2:7.4.160-1.el7_3.1 updates 5.9 M
    省略···

配置优先级后：(使用本地yum源)
    [root@kangvcar ~]# yum -y install vim
    Dependencies Resolved
    =================================================================================================================================================
    Package Arch Version Repository Size
    =================================================================================================================================================
    Installing:
    vim-enhanced x86_64 2:7.4.160-1.el7 local 1.0 M
    Installing for dependencies:
    gpm-libs x86_64 1.20.7-5.el7 local 32 k
    perl x86_64 4:5.16.3-286.el7 local 8.0 M
    perl-Carp noarch 1.26-244.el7 local 19 k
    perl-Encode x86_64 2.51-7.el7 local 1.5 M
    perl-Exporter noarch 5.68-3.el7 local 28 k
    perl-File-Path noarch 2.09-2.el7 local 26 k
    perl-File-Temp noarch 0.23.01-3.el7 local 56 k
    省略···

[https_blog.csdn.net_kangvcar_article_details_73477730]: https://blog.csdn.net/kangvcar/article/details/73477730%C2%A0
[70]: /images/20220521/3b44a99bd52d46bc8cdc50480cca4e56.png
[http_mirrors.163.com_.help_centos.html]: http://mirrors.163.com/.help/centos.html