java发送https请求与http请求的util

ゝ一世哀愁。 2022-05-14 05:04 375阅读 0赞

post、get请求一般出现在前端调用后端接口的时候，现在如果希望java代码(非controller，controller调另一个controller可以redirect重定向)去调用controller接口，比如在job定时器中，达到某一条件需要返回给前端一条提示消息（如订单30分钟内未付款，已被自动取消），而前端只能调controler接口，所以这时可以用job去调controller接口，在这个controller接口里面返回信息给前端。再比如，调用第三方接口（如微信、支付宝），不可能调用到第三方的dubbo服务，调用的只是controller接口，这时候就需要使用网络编程进入到@RequestMapping接口中。controller请求协议一般有两种：https请求和http请求。

一、发送https请求：

<dependency>
    			<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    			<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
    			<version>1.2.13</version>
    		</dependency>

import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
    import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
    
    import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
    
    public class MyX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
    
    	@Override
    	public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
    			throws CertificateException {
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
    			throws CertificateException {
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
    		return null;
    	}
    }

import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    import java.io.OutputStream;
    import java.net.ConnectException;
    import java.net.URL;
    import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
    import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
    import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
    import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
    import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
    import com.demo.config.MyX509TrustManager;
    
    public class HttpsUtil {
    	/** 
         * 发起https请求并获取结果 增加3秒超时时间
         *  
         * @param requestUrl 请求地址 
         * @param requestMethod 请求方式（GET、POST） 
         * @param outputStr 提交的数据 
         * @return JSONObject(通过JSONObject.get(key)的方式获取json对象的属性值) 
         */  
        public static JSONObject httpRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {  
            JSONObject jsonObject = null;  
            StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();  
            try {  
                // 创建SSLContext对象，并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化  
                TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };  
                SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");  
                sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());  
                // 从上述SSLContext对象中得到SSLSocketFactory对象  
                SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();  
      
                URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
                HttpsURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();  
                httpUrlConn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);  
      
                httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true);  
                httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true);  
                httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false);
                httpUrlConn.setConnectTimeout(3000);
                httpUrlConn.setReadTimeout(3000);
                // 设置请求方式（GET/POST）  
                httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);  
      
                if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod))  
                    httpUrlConn.connect();  
      
                // 当有数据需要提交时  
                if (null != outputStr) {  
                    OutputStream outputStream = httpUrlConn.getOutputStream();  
                    // 注意编码格式，防止中文乱码  
                    outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));  
                    outputStream.close();  
                }  
      
                // 将返回的输入流转换成字符串  
                InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream();  
                InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");  
                BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);  
      
                String str = null;  
                while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {  
                    buffer.append(str);  
                }  
                bufferedReader.close();  
                inputStreamReader.close();  
                // 释放资源  
                inputStream.close();  
                inputStream = null;  
                httpUrlConn.disconnect();  
                jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(buffer.toString());  
            } catch (ConnectException ce) {  
               System.out.println("Weixin server connection timed out.");  
            } catch (Exception e) {  
                System.out.println("https request error:{}"+e);  
            }  
            return jsonObject;  
        }
    
    }

如现在需要在公众号中获取微信的昵称和头像，根据微信公众号官方文档 [https://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki?t=resource/res\_main&id=mp1421140839][https_mp.weixin.qq.com_wiki_t_resource_res_main_id_mp1421140839] 调用的接口为：

![70][]

返回的参数：

![70 1][] 所以利用util可以这样写：

String accessToken = "******";
    	String openId = "******";
    	String wechatUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info?
            access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID&lang=zh_CN";
    	String url = wechatUrl.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken).replace("OPENID",
    			openId);
    	JSONObject result = HttpsUtil.httpRequest(url, "GET", null);
    	// 微信昵称
    	String nickname = result.getString("nickname");
    	//微信头像
    	String headimgurl = result.getString("headimgurl");

二、发送http请求

1、get请求，我们知道get请求只有一种，即参数以&拼接在url后面：

import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    import java.io.PrintWriter;
    import java.net.URL;
    import java.net.URLConnection;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    public class HttpRequestUtil {
        /**
         * 向指定URL发送GET方法的请求
         * 
         * @param url
         *            发送请求的URL
         * @param param
         *            请求参数，请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
         * @return URL 所代表远程资源的响应结果
         */
        public static String sendGet(String url, String param) {
            String result = "";
            BufferedReader in = null;
            try {
                String urlNameString = url + "?" + param;
                URL realUrl = new URL(urlNameString);
                // 打开和URL之间的连接
                URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection();
                // 设置通用的请求属性
                connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
                connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
                connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent",
                        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
                // 建立实际的连接
                connection.connect();
                // 获取所有响应头字段
                Map<String, List<String>> map = connection.getHeaderFields();
                // 遍历所有的响应头字段
                for (String key : map.keySet()) {
                    System.out.println(key + "--->" + map.get(key));
                }
                // 定义 BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
                in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                        connection.getInputStream()));
                String line;
                while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                    result += line;
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                System.out.println("发送GET请求出现异常！" + e);
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            // 使用finally块来关闭输入流
            finally {
                try {
                    if (in != null) {
                        in.close();
                    }
                } catch (Exception e2) {
                    e2.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
    
       
    }

例：

现有controller以http协议运行在8082端口下：

import java.util.Date;
    import java.util.List;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CrossOrigin;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    import com.demo.module.Message;
    import com.demo.module.User;
    import com.demo.service.UserService;
    
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("/user")
    public class UserController {
    
    	@Autowired
    	private UserService userService;
    
    	@RequestMapping("/select")
    	public List<User> select() {
    		List<User> list = userService.selectAll();
    		System.out.println("list"+list);
    		return list;
    	}
    
    	@RequestMapping("/login")
    	public Message login(String name, String pwd,HttpServletRequest req) {
    		User user = userService.select(name, pwd);
    		Message message = new Message();
    		if (user != null) {
    			message.setCode(200);
    			message.setRes(true);
    			message.setMsg("登录成功");
    			HttpSession session = req.getSession();
    			session.setAttribute("user", user);
    		} else {
    			message.setCode(500);
    			message.setRes(false);
    			message.setMsg("登录失败");
    		}
    		System.out.println("message"+message);
    		return message;
    	}
    	
    	
    }

现在在job中调用：

import java.util.Date;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
    import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
    import com.demo.util.HttpRequestUtil;
    
    @Configuration
    @EnableScheduling       
    public class JobDemo {
    	
    	@Scheduled(cron = "0/30 * * * * ?")
    	
    	public void myTest1(){
    		System.out.println("job1每30秒执行一次"+new Date());
    		String url = "http://localhost:8082/user/select";
    		String result = HttpRequestUtil.sendGet(url, null);
    		System.out.println("get结果"+result);
    	}
    	
    	//@Scheduled(cron = "0 0/1 * * * ? ")
    	@Scheduled(cron = "0/30 * * * * ?")
    		public void myTest2(){
    		String url = "http://localhost:8082/user/login";
    		String param = "name=用户1&pwd=123";
    		String result  = HttpRequestUtil.sendGet(url, param);
    		System.out.println("登录结果"+result);
    	}
    
    }

控制台打印：

![70 2][]

![70 3][]

调用成功。

2、post请求：我们知道post请求有两种，一种是和get请求一样把参数放到url后面以&拼接（被调用接口以普通参数形式接收，参数缺省@RequestParam注解）；还有一种是把参数放到body里面以json格式传输（这种接口参数加了@RequestBody注解）。以下util兼容了这两种post请求：

public static String postWithHeader(String url, Map<String, String> header, String body) {
            String result = "";
            BufferedReader in = null;
            PrintWriter out = null;
            try {
                // 设置 url
                URL realUrl = new URL(url);
                URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection();
                connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
                // 设置 header
                for (String key : header.keySet()) {
                    connection.setRequestProperty(key, header.get(key));
                }
                // 设置请求 body
                connection.setDoOutput(true);
                connection.setDoInput(true);
                out = new PrintWriter(connection.getOutputStream());
                // 保存body
                out.print(body);
                // 发送body
                out.flush();
                // 获取响应body
                in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
                String line;
                while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                    result += line;
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                return null;
            }
            return result;
        }

例1：普通参数

现有User对象：

public class User  implements Serializable {
        private String name;
    
        private Integer age;
        //省略get和set方法
    }

接口：

@PostMapping("/test")
        public String getUser(User user, String remark, HttpServletRequest request){
            String token = request.getHeader("token");
            return "token="+token+";name:"+user.getName()+";age:"+user.getAge()+";remark:"+remark;
        }

这是普通的请求，参数拼接在url后面即可：

public class A {
        public static void main (String args[]){
            String requetUrl = "http://localhost:9999/test";
            String param = "name=测试&age=5&remark=gggg";
            String url = requetUrl+"?"+param;
            Map<String, String> header = new HashMap<>();
            header.put("token","123456");
            String res = HttpRequestUtil.postWithHeader(url,header,null);
            System.out.println(res);
        }
    }

输出：token=123456;name:测试;age:5;remark:gggg

改用body方式则获取不到参数：

public class A {
        public static void main (String args[]){
            String requetUrl = "http://localhost:9999/test";
            Map<String, String> header = new HashMap<>();
            header.put("token","123456");
           /*  String param = "name=测试&age=5&remark=gggg";
            String url = requetUrl+"?"+param;
            String res = HttpRequestUtil.postWithHeader(url,header,null);*/
            User user = new User();
            user.setName("测试");
            user.setAge(5);
            String param = "remar=gggg";
            String url = requetUrl+"?"+param;
            String body = JSON.toJSONString(user);
            String res = HttpRequestUtil.postWithHeader(url,header,body);
            System.out.println(res);
        }
    }

token=123456;name:null;age:null;remark:null

例2：@RequestBody接口，把User对象加个@RequestBody注解：

@PostMapping("/test")
        public String getUser(@RequestBody User user, String remark, HttpServletRequest request){
            String token = request.getHeader("token");
            return "token="+token+";name:"+user.getName()+";age:"+user.getAge()+";remark:"+remark;
        }

public class A {
        public static void main (String args[]){
            String requetUrl = "http://localhost:9999/test";
            Map<String, String> header = new HashMap<>();
            header.put("token","123456");
           /*  String param = "name=测试&age=5&remark=gggg";
            String url = requetUrl+"?"+param;
            String res = HttpRequestUtil.postWithHeader(url,header,null);*/
            User user = new User();
            user.setName("测试");
            user.setAge(5);
            String param = "remark=gggg";
            String url = requetUrl+"?"+param;
            String body = JSON.toJSONString(user);
            String res = HttpRequestUtil.postWithHeader(url,header,body);
            System.out.println(res);
        }
    }

返回结果：

token=123456;name:测试;age:5;remark:gggg

改成url后拼接参数则返回null：

![20191212150438308.png][]

[https_mp.weixin.qq.com_wiki_t_resource_res_main_id_mp1421140839]: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki?t=resource/res_main&id=mp1421140839
[70]: /images/20220514/795a6fdbe4464bf191278008e68af607.png
[70 1]: /images/20220514/f5b523d611064309bcb70d06fa4210d5.png
[70 2]: /images/20220514/514d823225b54b53bbe191ebe0d9eb0e.png
[70 3]: /images/20220514/3e1948d8c09e4ef28ba7b1fd56ad01fa.png
[20191212150438308.png]: /images/20220514/229d0d47b92c45eead72596c29a44650.png