Spring和Spring Mvc整合详解

今天药忘吃喽~ 2022-04-23 05:16 173阅读 0赞

## Spring和Spring Mvc整合详解 ##

### 官方主页 ###

[Spring][]

[Spring Mvc][]

SpringMvc 5，可以参考这一篇[《Spring和Spring Mvc 5整合详解》][Spring_Spring Mvc 5]

### 概述 ###

Spring Mvc的启动方式不同于Spring Boot，Spring Boot内嵌了tomcat容器，可以打包成jar文件快速启动。Spring Mvc仍需要打包成war包。所以，它是离不开web.xml配置。

配置Spring和Spring Mvc，主要有：

*  1.在web.xml中配置好Spring相关Listener/Filter/Servlet，并指明Spring和Spring Mvc的配置文件，当然，也可以不指定，放在classpath下就行，严谨一点还是写出来为好。
 *  2.配置applicationContext.xml，这个是给Spring用的，名字随意，只要在web.xml指定就行。
 *  3.配置 spring-servlet.xml，这个是给Spring Mvc用的，名字随意，只要在web.xml指定就行。

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### 开始搭建 ###

#### 依赖Jar包 ####

<dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
    	<version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    	<version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
    	<version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
    	<version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    	<version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

#### web.xml ####

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0">
      <display-name>UmpEnt</display-name>
      <context-param>
        <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:properties/log4j.properties</param-value>
      </context-param>
      <context-param>
        <param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name>
        <param-value>600000</param-value>
      </context-param>
      <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>
      </listener>
      <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
      </listener>
      <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
      </context-param>
      <filter>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
          <param-name>encoding</param-name>
          <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
          <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
          <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
      </filter>
      <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
      </filter-mapping>
      <filter>
        <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
      </filter>
      <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
      </filter-mapping>
      <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
          <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
          <param-value>classpath:spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
      </servlet>
      <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
      </servlet-mapping>
      <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>/index.html</welcome-file>
      </welcome-file-list>
    </web-app>

#### Spring配置 ####

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-4.0.xsd">
    
    	<context:annotation-config />
    	<context:component-scan base-package="com.cff.springwork">
    	</context:component-scan>
    	
    	
    </beans>

这个配置文件里可以写入一些bean的配置。

Spring是一个大的父容器，Spring Mvc是其中的一个子容器。父容器不能访问子容器对象，但是子容器可以访问父容器对象。 因此，bean的配置要写到这个文件中，而不是Spring Mvc的配置文件中。

#### Spring Mvc配置 ####

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    
    	<context:annotation-config />
    	<context:component-scan base-package="com.cff.springwork">
    	</context:component-scan>
    	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
    		<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
    		<property name="prefix" value="" />
    	</bean>
    
    	<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
    	</bean>
    
    	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping" />
    
    	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
    		<property name="messageConverters">
    			<list>
    				<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter" />
    				<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
    					<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
    						<list>
    							<value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
    						</list>
    					</property>
    				</bean>
    			</list>
    		</property>
    	</bean>
    	<mvc:resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/" />
    
    	<mvc:annotation-driven>
    		<mvc:message-converters>
    			<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
    			</bean>
    		</mvc:message-converters>
    	</mvc:annotation-driven>
    
    	<mvc:resources location="/img/" mapping="/img/**" />
    	<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**" />
    	<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**" />
    	<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    </beans>

#### 简单的Controller ####

package com.cff.springwork.web.endpoint.test;
    
    import java.util.UUID;
    
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import com.cff.springwork.web.entity.WelEntity;
    
    @RestController("testController")
    @RequestMapping("/test")
    public class TestController { 
    
    	@RequestMapping("/welCome")
    	public WelEntity welCome(@RequestParam String reqType){ 
    		String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
    		String welMsg = "welcome 程序猿";
    		if(reqType != null && "1000".equals(reqType)){ 
    			welMsg = "welcome 程序媛";
    		}
    		WelEntity welEntity = new WelEntity();
    		welEntity.setUuid(uuid);
    		welEntity.setWelMsg(welMsg);
    		return welEntity;
    	}
    }

实体：

package com.cff.springwork.web.entity;
    
    public class WelEntity { 
    	private String uuid;
    	private String welMsg;
    	public String getUuid() { 
    		return uuid;
    	}
    	public void setUuid(String uuid) { 
    		this.uuid = uuid;
    	}
    	public String getWelMsg() { 
    		return welMsg;
    	}
    	public void setWelMsg(String welMsg) { 
    		this.welMsg = welMsg;
    	}
    }

#### 前端配合 ####

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
    <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <title>SkyNet</title>
    </head>
    <script type="text/javascript"> function ajaxTest() { var type = "2"; $.ajax({ type : "post", url : "../test/welCome", dataType : "json", data : { reqType : type} , success : function(data) { $("#div1").html(data.uuid + "<br>" + data.welMsg + "<br>"+ data.dateTime); }, error : function(XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, errorThrown) { alert(errorThrown); } }); } </script>
    <body>
    	这是html
    	<div id="div1"></div>
    	<button type="button" onclick="ajaxTest()">Welcome</button>
    	<script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { $("#div1").html("呵呵"); }); </script>
    </body>
    </html>

### 快速构建项目 ###

[Spring组件化构建][Spring 1]

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[Spring]: https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/5.0.12.RELEASE/spring-framework-reference/core.html#spring-core
[Spring Mvc]: https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/5.0.12.RELEASE/spring-framework-reference/web.html#spring-web
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