以太坊搭建私有链

谁践踏了优雅 2022-04-18 04:48 345阅读 0赞

环境需要：Go 1.9以上版本  
geth工具

WARN \[11-04|09:34:47.411\] System clock seems off by -10h15m43.047110838s, which can prevent network connectivity   
WARN \[11-04|09:34:47.411\] Please enable network time synchronisation in system settings.   
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一.环境搭建  
1.安装Go  
下载源码 https://golang.org/dl/  
找到适合自己操作系统的版本，必须1.9版本以上。我安装的是1.9.5  
解压到/usr/local下

tar   -zxvf   go1.9.5.linux-amd64.tar.gz   -C /usr/local/  
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创建软链接

ln -s /usr/local/go/bin/bo  /usr/bin/go  
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测试是否成功

go version  
\#go version go1.9.5 linux/amd64  
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2.安装geth工具  
下载geth源码

git clone https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum.git  
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解压到/usr/local/下

unzip -d /usr/local/ go-ethereum-master.zip  
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编译源码

cd /usr/local/go-ethereum  
make  
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成功的话会出现如下：

Done building.  
Run "/usr/local/go-ethereum-master/build/bin/geth" to launch geth.  
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创建软链接 这样我们可以直接用geth命令，而不用输入路径

ln -s /usr/local/go-ethereum-master/build/bin/geth /usr/bin/geth  
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二.搭建私有链  
1.创建用户  
mkdir geth  
cd geth  
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进入geth控制台

geth  --datadir db  --nodiscover console  
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创建用户

> personal.newAccount()  
Passphrase:   
Repeat passphrase:   
"0x12844bb3206f10a331557bffb7c8d34ee4ca8b65"  
> personal.newAccount()  
Passphrase:   
Repeat passphrase:   
"0xa6faa81cad6a3b038d9a51db80cedbe65184c7e2"  
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查看用户余额

> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts\[0\])  
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> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts\[1\])  
0  
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给用户创建别名

> yujuan=eth.accounts\[0\]  
"0x12844bb3206f10a331557bffb7c8d34ee4ca8b65"  
> hcb=eth.accounts\[1\]  
"0xa6faa81cad6a3b038d9a51db80cedbe65184c7e2"  
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可以看到在db目录下，有个keystore目录，里面已经存了我们刚刚创建的两个账户。

\[root@localhost mychain\]\# tree  
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├── geth  
│   ├── chaindata  
│   │   ├── 000001.log  
│   │   ├── CURRENT  
│   │   ├── LOCK  
│   │   ├── LOG  
│   │   └── MANIFEST-000000  
│   ├── LOCK  
│   ├── nodekey  
│   ├── nodes  
│   │   ├── 000001.log  
│   │   ├── CURRENT  
│   │   ├── LOCK  
│   │   ├── LOG  
│   │   └── MANIFEST-000000  
│   └── transactions.rlp  
├── geth.ipc  
└── keystore  
    ├── UTC--2018-11-04T16-02-52.181405978Z--12844bb3206f10a331557bffb7c8d34ee4ca8b65  
    └── UTC--2018-11-04T16-03-15.055116889Z--a6faa81cad6a3b038d9a51db80cedbe65184c7e2  
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2.传世区块配置文件  
cd mychain  
 vim gensis.json  
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在gensis.json中输入如下内容

\{  
   "alloc": \{  
      "0x12844bb3206f10a331557bffb7c8d34ee4ca8b65": \{  
      "balance": "999000000000000000000"  
      \}  
   \},  
    "config":\{  
        "chainId":15,  
        "homesteadBlock":0,  
        "eip155Block":0,  
        "eip158Block":0  
    \},  
    "nonce":"0x0000000000000001",  
    "mixhash":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",  
    "difficulty": "0x01",  
    "coinbase":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",  
    "timestamp": "0x00",  
    "parentHash":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",  
    "extraData": "0x777573686f756865",  
    "gasLimit":"0xffffffff"  
\}  
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注意这里的alloc后的地址要用之前创建的地址

2.初始化  
准备好创世区块配置文件后，需要初始化区块链，将上面的传世区块信息写入到区块链中。

始初始化区块

geth --datadir “./mychain/” init ./mychain/gensis.json

–datadir 指定数据存放目录  
可能出现如下错误，原因是前面启动私有链时已经创建了默认的创世区块  
如下删除数据

Fatal: Failed to write genesis block: database already contains an incompatible genesis block

成功的话可以看到如下结果

\[root@localhost blockchain\]\# geth --datadir "./mychain/" init ./mychain/gensis.json   
WARN \[11-04|11:59:11.370\] Sanitizing cache to Go's GC limits       provided=1024 updated=324  
INFO \[11-04|11:59:11.380\] Maximum peer count                       ETH=25 LES=0 total=25  
INFO \[11-04|11:59:11.383\] Allocated cache and file handles         database=/home/blockchain/mychain/geth/chaindata cache=16 handles=16  
INFO \[11-04|11:59:11.411\] Writing custom genesis block   
INFO \[11-04|11:59:11.412\] Persisted trie from memory database      nodes=1 size=149.00B time=230.093µs gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B  
INFO \[11-04|11:59:11.412\] Successfully wrote genesis state         database=chaindata                               hash=481cfe…9fd026  
INFO \[11-04|11:59:11.412\] Allocated cache and file handles         database=/home/blockchain/mychain/geth/lightchaindata cache=16 handles=16  
INFO \[11-04|11:59:11.425\] Writing custom genesis block   
INFO \[11-04|11:59:11.426\] Persisted trie from memory database      nodes=1 size=149.00B time=1.090266ms gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B  
INFO \[11-04|11:59:11.427\] Successfully wrote genesis state         database=lightchaindata                               hash=481cfe…9fd026  
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3.测试基本的操作  
1）此时再查看余额，可以看到  
> eth.accounts  
\["0x12844bb3206f10a331557bffb7c8d34ee4ca8b65", "0xa6faa81cad6a3b038d9a51db80cedbe65184c7e2"\]  
> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts\[0\])  
999000000000000000000  
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2）转账  
> a1=eth.accounts\[0\]  
"0x12844bb3206f10a331557bffb7c8d34ee4ca8b65"  
> a2=eth.accounts\[1\]  
"0xa6faa81cad6a3b038d9a51db80cedbe65184c7e2"  
我们从账户a1转10个以太币给a2  
转账之前需要先对账户a1解锁  
> personal.unlockAccount(a1,"123456")  
true  
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转账

> eth.sendTransaction(\{from:a1, to:a2, value:web3.toWei(10,"ether")\})  
INFO \[11-04|12:28:37.209\] Setting new local account                address=0x12844bB3206F10A331557bFfB7c8D34eE4ca8b65  
INFO \[11-04|12:28:37.210\] Submitted transaction                    fullhash=0x21d4e590f240322b2ab16b750f6e7ded187242ecdfb17c49cb5d229649f1bc56 recipient=0xA6fAA81cAD6A3b038D9a51DB80CEDbe65184c7E2  
"0x21d4e590f240322b2ab16b750f6e7ded187242ecdfb17c49cb5d229649f1bc56"  
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交易已经成功执行，最后一排即是交易的hash值  
那我们再来看一下两个账户的余额

> eth.getBalance(a1)  
999000000000000000000  
> eth.getBalance(a2)  
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奇怪，为什么账户的余额根本就没有变呢。那是因为这里没有矿工参与，所以也没有人来将交易打包写入区块。

3）启动节点  
    geth --datadir "./mychain" --rpc --rpcaddr=0.0.0.0 --rpcport 8545 --rpccorsdomain "\*"  --rpcapi "eth,net,web3,personal,admin,ssh,txpool,debug,miner" --nodiscover --maxpeers 30  --networkid 1981 --mine --minerthreads 1 --etherbase  "0x12844bb3206f10a331557bffb7c8d34ee4ca8b65" console  
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这样我们就成功运行了一个私有链，再稍过一会儿  
就会发现出现了斧头，说明已经开始挖矿了  
这个时候我们再来看刚刚转账后的账户余额

> web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(eth.accounts\[0\]))  
994  
> web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(eth.accounts\[1\]))  
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web3.fromWei是将Wei转换成ether  
因为我们设置的矿工奖励地址是accounts\[0\],所以这里的账户余额是994,而不是989

4) 交易  
通过attach命令，连接一个已经启动的节点，启动JS命令环境

geth --datadir './mychain/' attach ipc:./mychain/geth.ipc   
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成功进入

\[root@localhost blockchain\]\# geth --datadir './mychain/' attach ipc:./mychain/geth.ipc   
    WARN \[11-04|14:01:44.332\] Sanitizing cache to Go's GC limits       provided=1024 updated=324  
    Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!  
      
    instance: Geth/v1.8.18-unstable/linux-amd64/go1.9.5  
    coinbase: 0x12844bb3206f10a331557bffb7c8d34ee4ca8b65  
    at block: 1 (Sun, 04 Nov 2018 12:43:43 EST)  
     datadir: /home/blockchain/mychain  
     modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 ethash:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0  
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现在开始挖矿  
可以通过miner.setEtherbase(eth.accounts\[0\])来设置挖矿奖励地址

> eth.accounts  
\["0x12844bb3206f10a331557bffb7c8d34ee4ca8b65", "0xa6faa81cad6a3b038d9a51db80cedbe65184c7e2", "0x0cdba6a391a52155042d4709a90fbc9ed3b72f06"\]  
 > a2=eth.accounts\[2\]  
  "0x0cdba6a391a52155042d4709a90fbc9ed3b72f06"  
> a0=eth.accounts\[0\]  
"0x12844bb3206f10a331557bffb7c8d34ee4ca8b65"  
> personal.unlockAccount(a0)  
Unlock account 0x12844bb3206f10a331557bffb7c8d34ee4ca8b65  
Passphrase:   
 true  
 > eth.sendTransaction(\{from:a0,to:a2,value:web3.toWei(20,"ether")\})  
"0x0d711995130df3809294b5e8f62652a91cd9154188282b10c250fc99a6d06745"  
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将账户a2设置为挖矿奖励地址

> miner.setEtherbase(a2)  
 true  
> eth.coinbase  
"0x0cdba6a391a52155042d4709a90fbc9ed3b72f06"  
>   
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现在已经有一个未打包进区块的交易在交易池中。txpool.status返回正在等待打包的交易。pending表示已经提交还未被处理的交易

> txpool.status  
\{  
  pending: 1,  
  queued: 0  
\}  
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查看pending交易详情

> txpool.inspect.pending  
\{  
  0x12844bB3206F10A331557bFfB7c8D34eE4ca8b65: \{  
    1: "0x0CDBA6A391a52155042D4709A90fBC9ed3B72F06: 20000000000000000000 wei + 90000 gas × 1000000000 wei"  
  \}  
\}  
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5）挖矿  
要使交易被处理，必须要挖矿，  
这里启动挖矿，然后等到挖到第一个区块之后就停止挖矿  
miner.start(1);admin.sleepBlocks(1);miner.stop();

6)区块  
之前交易的hash值0x0d711995130df3809294b5e8f62652a91cd9154188282b10c250fc99a6d06745  
得到发起交易时的详情

eth.getTransaction("0x0d711995130df3809294b5e8f62652a91cd9154188282b10c250fc99a6d06745")  
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下面是交易被打包进区块时详细信息：

eth.getTransactionReceipt("0x0d711995130df3809294b5e8f62652a91cd9154188282b10c250fc99a6d06745")  
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查看当前区块总数  
eth.blockNumber  
查询最新区块  
eth.getBlock(‘latest’)  
返回区块number的信息  
eth.getBlock(0)

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