安卓升级AndroidX手把手教程

电玩女神 2022-02-04 12:31 1435阅读 0赞

突然发现好多安卓项目已经改为了AndroidX，那么自己的项目也该升级一下了。下面是AndroidX的官方文档的概述。

## ##

### AndroidX概述 ###

## ##

AndroidX是Android团队用于在Jetpack中开发，测试，打包，版本和发布库的开源项目 。

AndroidX是对原始Android 支持库的重大改进 。与支持库一样，AndroidX与Android操作系统分开提供，并提供跨Android版本的向后兼容性。AndroidX通过提供功能奇偶校验和新库完全取代了支持库。此外，AndroidX还包括以下功能：

AndroidX中的所有软件包都以字符串开头，位于一致的命名空间中androidx。支持库包已映射到相应的androidx.\*包中。  
与支持库不同，AndroidX软件包是单独维护和更新的。这些androidx包使用 从版本1.0.0开始的严格语义版本控制。您可以单独更新项目中的AndroidX库。  
所有新的支持库开发都将在AndroidX库中进行。这包括维护原始支持库工件和引入新的Jetpack组件。

###    1、修改project目录下 gradle.properties，在里面添加两行代码： ###

# 表示使用 androidx
    android.useAndroidX=true
    # 表示将第三方库迁移到 androidx
    android.enableJetifier=true

### 2、点击菜单项中的Refactor中的Migratet to AndroidX。然后点击窗口右上角的sync Now。（adnroid studio版本必须在3.3及以上） ###

### 3、按理说这样就可以了，但是我改了之后发现项目一片报红，上网搜了下发现需要修改引用包，都需要改为AndroidX的包，下面是我遇到的几个错误： ###

a、AndroidManifest.xml中的application中的activity全部报红，解决方法：修改activity引用的包为：

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity

然后再app的build.gradle中的android中添加以下代码：

lintOptions {
            disable 'GoogleAppIndexingWarning'
        }

b、剩下的还是各种包导入错误，之前的v4、v7包全部不能用了，都需要改。

c、布局文件也一定要改，比如ViewPager由android.support.v4.view.ViewPager改为了androidx.viewpager.widget.ViewPager；CardView由android.support.v7.widget.CardView改为了androidx.cardview.widget.CardView；RecycleView由android.support.v7.widget.RecycleView改为了com.scwang.smartrefresh.layout.SmartRefreshLayout；FloatingActionButton也改为了com.google.android.material.floatingactionbutton.FloatingActionButton。

这只是一部分，下面的是官网上的介绍：

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>Old build artifact</th> 
   <th>AndroidX build artifact</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.core:common</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.arch.core:core-common:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.core:core</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.arch.core:core:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.core:core-testing</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.arch.core:core-testing:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.core:runtime</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.arch.core:core-runtime:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.lifecycle:common</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-common:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.lifecycle:common-java8</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-common-java8:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.lifecycle:compiler</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-compiler:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.lifecycle:extensions</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-extensions:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.lifecycle:livedata</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-livedata:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.lifecycle:livedata-core</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-livedata-core:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.lifecycle:reactivestreams</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-reactivestreams:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.lifecycle:runtime</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.lifecycle:viewmodel</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.paging:common</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.paging:paging-common:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.paging:runtime</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.paging:paging-runtime:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.paging:rxjava2</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.paging:paging-rxjava2:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.persistence.room:common</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.room:room-common:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.persistence.room:compiler</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.room:room-compiler:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.persistence.room:guava</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.room:room-guava:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.persistence.room:migration</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.room:room-migration:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.persistence.room:runtime</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.room:room-runtime:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.persistence.room:rxjava2</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.room:room-rxjava2:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.persistence.room:testing</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.room:room-testing:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.persistence:db</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.sqlite:sqlite:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>android.arch.persistence:db-framework</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.sqlite:sqlite-framework:2.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:1.1.2</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout-solver</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout-solver:1.1.2</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support.test.espresso.idling:idling-concurrent</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.test.espresso.idling:idling-concurrent:3.1.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support.test.espresso.idling:idling-net</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.test.espresso.idling:idling-net:3.1.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-accessibility</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.test.espresso:espresso-accessibility:3.1.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:3.1.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.1.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:3.1.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-intents</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.test.espresso:espresso-intents:3.1.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-remote</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.test.espresso:espresso-remote:3.1.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-web</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.test.espresso:espresso-web:3.1.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support.test.janktesthelper:janktesthelper</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.test.jank:janktesthelper:1.0.1</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support.test.services:test-services</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.test:test-services:1.1.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support.test.uiautomator:uiautomator</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.test.uiautomator:uiautomator:2.2.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support.test:monitor</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.test:monitor:1.1.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support.test:orchestrator</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.test:orchestrator:1.1.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support.test:rules</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.test:rules:1.1.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support.test:runner</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.test:runner:1.1.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:animated-vector-drawable</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.vectordrawable:vectordrawable-animated:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:appcompat-v7</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:asynclayoutinflater</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.asynclayoutinflater:asynclayoutinflater:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:car</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.car:car:1.0.0-alpha5</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:cardview-v7</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.cardview:cardview:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:collections</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.collection:collection:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:coordinatorlayout</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.coordinatorlayout:coordinatorlayout:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:cursoradapter</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.cursoradapter:cursoradapter:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:customtabs</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.browser:browser:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:customview</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.customview:customview:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:design</code></td> 
   <td><code>com.google.android.material:material:1.0.0-rc01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:documentfile</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.documentfile:documentfile:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:drawerlayout</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.drawerlayout:drawerlayout:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:exifinterface</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.exifinterface:exifinterface:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:gridlayout-v7</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.gridlayout:gridlayout:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:heifwriter</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.heifwriter:heifwriter:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:interpolator</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.interpolator:interpolator:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:leanback-v17</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.leanback:leanback:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:loader</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.loader:loader:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:localbroadcastmanager</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.localbroadcastmanager:localbroadcastmanager:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:media2</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.media2:media2:1.0.0-alpha03</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:media2-exoplayer</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.media2:media2-exoplayer:1.0.0-alpha01</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:mediarouter-v7</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.mediarouter:mediarouter:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:multidex</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.multidex:multidex:2.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:multidex-instrumentation</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.multidex:multidex-instrumentation:2.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:palette-v7</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.palette:palette:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:percent</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.percentlayout:percentlayout:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:preference-leanback-v17</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.leanback:leanback-preference:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:preference-v14</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.legacy:legacy-preference-v14:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:preference-v7</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.preference:preference:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:print</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.print:print:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:recommendation</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.recommendation:recommendation:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:recyclerview-selection</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview-selection:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:recyclerview-v7</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:slices-builders</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.slice:slice-builders:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:slices-core</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.slice:slice-core:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:slices-view</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.slice:slice-view:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:slidingpanelayout</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.slidingpanelayout:slidingpanelayout:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:support-annotations</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.annotation:annotation:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:support-compat</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.core:core:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:support-content</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.contentpager:contentpager:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:support-core-ui</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.legacy:legacy-support-core-ui:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:support-core-utils</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.legacy:legacy-support-core-utils:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:support-dynamic-animation</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.dynamicanimation:dynamicanimation:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:support-emoji</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.emoji:emoji:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:support-emoji-appcompat</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.emoji:emoji-appcompat:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:support-emoji-bundled</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.emoji:emoji-bundled:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:support-fragment</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.fragment:fragment:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:support-media-compat</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.media:media:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:support-tv-provider</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.tvprovider:tvprovider:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:support-v13</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.legacy:legacy-support-v13:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:support-v4</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.legacy:legacy-support-v4:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:support-vector-drawable</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.vectordrawable:vectordrawable:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:swiperefreshlayout</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.swiperefreshlayout:swiperefreshlayout:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:textclassifier</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.textclassifier:textclassifier:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:transition</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.transition:transition:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:versionedparcelable</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.versionedparcelable:versionedparcelable:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:viewpager</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.viewpager:viewpager:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:wear</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.wear:wear:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><code>com.android.support:webkit</code></td> 
   <td><code>androidx.webkit:webkit:1.0.0</code></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

[最后贴上官方迁移AndroidX的文档。][AndroidX]

[AndroidX]: https://developer.android.com/jetpack/androidx/migrate