Java多线程之线程虚假唤醒

快来打我* 2022-02-01 00:09 170阅读 0赞

# Java多线程之线程虚假唤醒 #

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### 本文目录提纲 ###

1.  问题：两个线程对一个初始值为零的变量操作，实现一个线程加一，另一个线程减一，来十次。
2.  问题：四个线程对一个初始值为零的变量操作，实现两个线程加一，另外两个线程减一，来十次。

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#### 1. 两个线程对一个初始值为零的变量操作，实现一个线程加一，另一个线程减一，来十次。 ####

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**代码实现：**

class ShareData{
        
        private int number = 0;
    
        public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {
        
    //        判断
            if (number!=0){
        
                this.wait();
            }
    //        干活
            ++number;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+number);
    //        通知唤醒
            this.notifyAll();
        }
    
        public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
        
            if (number==0){
        
                this.wait();
            }
            --number;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+number);
            this.notifyAll();
        }
    }
    
    public class ThreadDemo2 {
        
        public static void main(String[] args) {
        
         ShareData sd = new ShareData();
    
         new Thread(()->{
        
             for (int i = 1; i <=10 ; i++) {
        
                 try {
        
                     sd.increment();
                 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        
                     e.printStackTrace();
                 }
             }  
         },"A").start();
    
            new Thread(()->{
        
                for (int i = 1; i <=10 ; i++) {
        
                    try {
        
                        sd.decrement();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            },"B").start();
        }
    }

--------------------

**编译结果：**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MTkxMDY5NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

##### `多次测试，是没有问题的。` #####

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#### 2. 问题：四个线程对一个初始值为零的变量操作，实现两个线程加一，另外两个线程减一，来十次。 ####

--------------------

于是把上面的代码，线程弄多两个，运行发现出现问题。编译结果如下：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MTkxMDY5NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

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通过阅读文档，发现：

> As in the one argument version, interrupts and spurious wakeups are possible, and this method should always be used in a loop:

synchronized (obj) {
        
         while (<condition does not hold>)
             obj.wait();
         ... // Perform action appropriate to condition
     }

###### `即中断和伪唤醒是可能的，并且这个方法应该在while循环中使用` ######

**画图：**

## ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MTkxMDY5NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2] ##

将上面代码if换成while再执行，发现没有问题，代码如下：

class ShareData {
        
        private int number = 0;
    
        public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {
        
    //        判断
            while (number != 0) {
        
                this.wait();
            }
    //        干活
            ++number;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + number);
    //        通知唤醒
            this.notifyAll();
        }
    
        public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
        
            while (number == 0) {
        
                this.wait();
            }
            --number;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + number);
            this.notifyAll();
        }
    }
    
    public class ThreadDemo2 {
        
        public static void main(String[] args) {
        
            ShareData sd = new ShareData();
    
            new Thread(() -> {
        
                for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
        
                    try {
        
                        Thread.sleep(200);
                        sd.increment();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }, "A").start();
    
            new Thread(() -> {
        
                for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
        
                    try {
        
                        Thread.sleep(300);     //模拟执行其他代码
                        sd.decrement();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }, "B").start();
    
            new Thread(() -> {
        
                for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
        
                    try {
        
                        Thread.sleep(400);
                        sd.increment();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }, "C").start();
    
            new Thread(() -> {
        
                for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
        
                    try {
        
                        Thread.sleep(500);
                        sd.decrement();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }, "D").start();
        }
    }

--------------------

编译结果：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MTkxMDY5NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

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##### 使用Lock优化 #####

前置知识：

> Condition factors out the Object monitor methods (wait, notify and notifyAll) into distinct objects to give the effect of having multiple wait-sets per object, by combining them with the use of arbitrary Lock implementations. Where a `Lock` replaces the use of`synchronized` methods and statements, a `Condition` replaces `the use of the Object monitor methods`.

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**优化代码：**

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
    import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
    import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
    
    class ShareData {
        
        private int number = 0;
        private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
    
        public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException{
        
            lock.lock();
            try{
        
                while (number != 0) {
        
    //                this.wait();
                    condition.await();
                }
    //        干活
                ++number;
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + number);
    //        通知唤醒
    //            this.notifyAll();
                condition.signalAll();
            }catch (Exception e){
        
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally {
        
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    
        public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException{
        
            lock.lock();
            try{
        
                while (number == 0) {
        
    //                this.wait();
                    condition.await();
                }
    //        干活
                --number;
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + number);
    //        通知唤醒
    //            this.notifyAll();
                condition.signalAll();
            }catch (Exception e){
        
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally {
        
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    
    public class ThreadDemo2 {
        
        public static void main(String[] args) {
        
            ShareData sd = new ShareData();
    
            new Thread(() -> {
        
                for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
        
                    try {
        
                        Thread.sleep(200);
                        sd.increment();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }, "A").start();
    
            new Thread(() -> {
        
                for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
        
                    try {
        
                        Thread.sleep(300);
                        sd.decrement();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }, "B").start();
    
            new Thread(() -> {
        
                for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
        
                    try {
        
                        Thread.sleep(400);
                        sd.increment();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }, "C").start();
    
            new Thread(() -> {
        
                for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
        
                    try {
        
                        Thread.sleep(500);
                        sd.decrement();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }, "D").start();
        }
    }

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