ElasticSearch实战：Linux日志对接Kibana

短命女 2021-11-16 13:58 321阅读 0赞

ElasticSearch是一个基于Lucene的搜索服务器。它提供了一个分布式多用户能力的全文搜索引擎，基于RESTFul web接口。ElasticSearch是用Java开发的，并作为Apache许可条款下的开放源码发布，是当前流行的企业级搜索引擎。ElasticSearch常用于全文检索，结构化检索，数据分析等。

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下面，我们以ElasticSearch接管Linux日志（/var/log/xxx.log）为例，详细介绍如何进行配置与部署。

![ElasticSearch实战：Linux日志对接Kibana][ElasticSearch_Linux_Kibana]

总体架构图

# **一，准备工作** #

**1，CVM及ElasticSearch**

在腾讯云帐号下，申请一台CVM（Linux操作系统）、一个ElasticSearch集群（后面简称ES），使用最简配置即可；申请的CVM和ES，必须在同一个VPC的同一个子网下。

![ElasticSearch实战：Linux日志对接Kibana][ElasticSearch_Linux_Kibana 1]

CVM详情信息

![ElasticSearch实战：Linux日志对接Kibana][ElasticSearch_Linux_Kibana 2]

ElasticSearch详情信息

**2，Filebeat工具**

为了将Linux日志提取到ES中，我们需要使用Filebeat工具。Filebeat是一个日志文件托运工具，在你的服务器上安装客户端后，Filebeat会监控日志目录或者指定的日志文件，追踪读取这些文件（追踪文件的变化，不停的读），并且转发这些信息到ElasticSearch或者logstarsh中存放。当你开启Filebeat程序的时候，它会启动一个或多个探测器（prospectors）去检测你指定的日志目录或文件，对于探测器找出的每一个日志文件，Filebeat启动收割进程（harvester），每一个收割进程读取一个日志文件的新内容，并发送这些新的日志数据到处理程序（spooler），处理程序会集合这些事件，最后Filebeat会发送集合的数据到你指定的地点。

官网简介：https://www.elastic.co/products/beats/filebeat

# **二，操作步骤** #

**1，Filebeat下载与安装**

首先，登录待接管日志的CVM，在CVM上下载Filebeat工具：

[root@VM_3_7_centos ~]# cd /opt/
    [root@VM_3_7_centos opt]# ll
    total 4
    drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 7 2017 rh
    [root@VM_3_7_centos opt]# wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-6.2.2-x86_64.rpm
    --2018-12-10 20:24:26-- https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-6.2.2-x86_64.rpm
    Resolving artifacts.elastic.co (artifacts.elastic.co)... 107.21.202.15, 107.21.127.184, 54.225.214.74, ...
    Connecting to artifacts.elastic.co (artifacts.elastic.co)|107.21.202.15|:443... connected.
    HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
    Length: 12697788 (12M) [binary/octet-stream]
    Saving to: ‘filebeat-6.2.2-x86_64.rpm’
    100%[=================================================================================================>] 12,697,788 160KB/s in 1m 41s 
    2018-12-10 20:26:08 (123 KB/s) - ‘filebeat-6.2.2-x86_64.rpm’ saved [12697788/12697788]

然后，进行安装filebeat：

[root@VM_3_7_centos opt]# rpm -vi filebeat-6.2.2-x86_64.rpm
    warning: filebeat-6.2.2-x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, key ID d88e42b4: NOKEY
    Preparing packages...
    filebeat-6.2.2-1.x86_64
    [root@VM_3_7_centos opt]#

至此，Filebeat安装完成。

**2，Filebeat配置**

进入Filebeat配置文件目录：/etc/filebeat/

[root@VM_3_7_centos opt]# cd /etc/filebeat/
    [root@VM_3_7_centos filebeat]# ll
    total 108
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44384 Feb 17 2018 fields.yml
    -rw-r----- 1 root root 52193 Feb 17 2018 filebeat.reference.yml
    -rw------- 1 root root 7264 Feb 17 2018 filebeat.yml
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 10 20:35 modules.d
    [root@VM_3_7_centos filebeat]#

其中，filebeat.yml就是我们需要修改的配置文件。建议修改配置前，先备份此文件。

然后，确认需要对接ElasticSearch的Linux的日志目录，我们以下图（**/var/log/secure**）为例。

![ElasticSearch实战：Linux日志对接Kibana][ElasticSearch_Linux_Kibana 3]

/var/log/secure日志文件

使用vim打开/etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml文件，修改其中的：

1）Filebeat prospectors类目中，enable默认为false，我们要改为**true**

2）paths，默认为/var/log/\*.log，我们要改为待接管的日志路径：**/var/log/secure**

3）Outputs类目中，有ElasticSearchoutput配置，其中hosts默认为"localhost:9200"，需要我们手工修改为上面申请的ES子网地址和端口，即**"10.0.3.8:9200"**。

修改好上述内容后，保存退出。

修改好的配置文件全文如下：

[root@VM_3_7_centos /]# vim /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
    [root@VM_3_7_centos /]# cat /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
    ###################### Filebeat Configuration Example #########################
    # This file is an example configuration file highlighting only the most common
    # options. The filebeat.reference.yml file from the same directory contains all the
    # supported options with more comments. You can use it as a reference.
    #
    # You can find the full configuration reference here:
    # https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/index.html
    # For more available modules and options, please see the filebeat.reference.yml sample
    # configuration file.
    #=========================== Filebeat prospectors =============================
    filebeat.prospectors:
    # Each - is a prospector. Most options can be set at the prospector level, so
    # you can use different prospectors for various configurations.
    # Below are the prospector specific configurations.
    - type: log
     # Change to true to enable this prospector configuration.
     enabled: true
     # Paths that should be crawled and fetched. Glob based paths.
     paths:
     - /var/log/secure
     #- c:\programdata\elasticsearch\logs\*
     # Exclude lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It drops the lines that are
     # matching any regular expression from the list.
     #exclude_lines: ['^DBG']
     # Include lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It exports the lines that are
     # matching any regular expression from the list.
     #include_lines: ['^ERR', '^WARN']
     # Exclude files. A list of regular expressions to match. Filebeat drops the files that
     # are matching any regular expression from the list. By default, no files are dropped.
     #exclude_files: ['.gz$']
     # Optional additional fields. These fields can be freely picked
     # to add additional information to the crawled log files for filtering
     #fields:
     # level: debug
     # review: 1
     ### Multiline options
     # Mutiline can be used for log messages spanning multiple lines. This is common
     # for Java Stack Traces or C-Line Continuation
     # The regexp Pattern that has to be matched. The example pattern matches all lines starting with [
     #multiline.pattern: ^\[
     # Defines if the pattern set under pattern should be negated or not. Default is false.
     #multiline.negate: false
     # Match can be set to "after" or "before". It is used to define if lines should be append to a pattern
     # that was (not) matched before or after or as long as a pattern is not matched based on negate.
     # Note: After is the equivalent to previous and before is the equivalent to to next in Logstash
     #multiline.match: after
    #============================= Filebeat modules ===============================
    filebeat.config.modules:
     # Glob pattern for configuration loading
     path: ${path.config}/modules.d/*.yml
     # Set to true to enable config reloading
     reload.enabled: false
     # Period on which files under path should be checked for changes
     #reload.period: 10s
    #==================== Elasticsearch template setting ==========================
    setup.template.settings:
     index.number_of_shards: 3
     #index.codec: best_compression
     #_source.enabled: false
    #================================ General =====================================
    # The name of the shipper that publishes the network data. It can be used to group
    # all the transactions sent by a single shipper in the web interface.
    #name:
    # The tags of the shipper are included in their own field with each
    # transaction published.
    #tags: ["service-X", "web-tier"]
    # Optional fields that you can specify to add additional information to the
    # output.
    #fields:
    # env: staging
    #============================== Dashboards =====================================
    # These settings control loading the sample dashboards to the Kibana index. Loading
    # the dashboards is disabled by default and can be enabled either by setting the
    # options here, or by using the `-setup` CLI flag or the `setup` command.
    #setup.dashboards.enabled: false
    # The URL from where to download the dashboards archive. By default this URL
    # has a value which is computed based on the Beat name and version. For released
    # versions, this URL points to the dashboard archive on the artifacts.elastic.co
    # website.
    #setup.dashboards.url:
    #============================== Kibana =====================================
    # Starting with Beats version 6.0.0, the dashboards are loaded via the Kibana API.
    # This requires a Kibana endpoint configuration.
    setup.kibana:
     # Kibana Host
     # Scheme and port can be left out and will be set to the default (http and 5601)
     # In case you specify and additional path, the scheme is required: http://localhost:5601/path
     # IPv6 addresses should always be defined as: https://[2001:db8::1]:5601
     #host: "localhost:5601"
    #============================= Elastic Cloud ==================================
    # These settings simplify using filebeat with the Elastic Cloud (https://cloud.elastic.co/).
    # The cloud.id setting overwrites the `output.elasticsearch.hosts` and
    # `setup.kibana.host` options.
    # You can find the `cloud.id` in the Elastic Cloud web UI.
    #cloud.id:
    # The cloud.auth setting overwrites the `output.elasticsearch.username` and
    # `output.elasticsearch.password` settings. The format is `<user>:<pass>`.
    #cloud.auth:
    #================================ Outputs =====================================
    # Configure what output to use when sending the data collected by the beat.
    #-------------------------- Elasticsearch output ------------------------------
    output.elasticsearch:
     # Array of hosts to connect to.
     hosts: ["10.0.3.8:9200"]
     # Optional protocol and basic auth credentials.
     #protocol: "https"
     #username: "elastic"
     #password: "changeme"
    #----------------------------- Logstash output --------------------------------
    #output.logstash:
     # The Logstash hosts
     #hosts: ["localhost:5044"]
     # Optional SSL. By default is off.
     # List of root certificates for HTTPS server verifications
     #ssl.certificate_authorities: ["/etc/pki/root/ca.pem"]
     # Certificate for SSL client authentication
     #ssl.certificate: "/etc/pki/client/cert.pem"
     # Client Certificate Key
     #ssl.key: "/etc/pki/client/cert.key"
    #================================ Logging =====================================
    # Sets log level. The default log level is info.
    # Available log levels are: error, warning, info, debug
    #logging.level: debug
    # At debug level, you can selectively enable logging only for some components.
    # To enable all selectors use ["*"]. Examples of other selectors are "beat",
    # "publish", "service".
    #logging.selectors: ["*"]
    #============================== Xpack Monitoring ===============================
    # filebeat can export internal metrics to a central Elasticsearch monitoring
    # cluster. This requires xpack monitoring to be enabled in Elasticsearch. The
    # reporting is disabled by default.
    # Set to true to enable the monitoring reporter.
    #xpack.monitoring.enabled: false
    # Uncomment to send the metrics to Elasticsearch. Most settings from the
    # Elasticsearch output are accepted here as well. Any setting that is not set is
    # automatically inherited from the Elasticsearch output configuration, so if you
    # have the Elasticsearch output configured, you can simply uncomment the
    # following line.
    #xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch:
    [root@VM_3_7_centos /]#

执行下列命令启动filebeat

[root@VM_3_7_centos /]# sudo /etc/init.d/filebeat start
    Starting filebeat (via systemctl): [ OK ]
    [root@VM_3_7_centos /]#

**3，Kibana配置**

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进入ElasticSearch对应的Kibana管理页，如下图。

![ElasticSearch实战：Linux日志对接Kibana][ElasticSearch_Linux_Kibana 4]

首次访问Kibana默认会显示管理页

首次登陆，会默认进入Management页面，我们需要将Index pattern内容修改为：filebeat-\*，然后页面会自动填充**Time Filter field name，**不需手动设置，直接点击Create即可。点击Create后，页面需要一定时间来加载配置和数据，请稍等。如下图：

![ElasticSearch实战：Linux日志对接Kibana][ElasticSearch_Linux_Kibana 5]

将Index pattern内容修改为：filebeat-\*，然后点击Create

至此，CVM上，/var/log/secure日志文件，已对接到ElasticSearch中，历史日志可以通过Kibana进行查询，最新产生的日志也会实时同步到Kibana中。

# **三，实战效果** #

日志接管已完成配置，如何使用呢？

如下图：

![ElasticSearch实战：Linux日志对接Kibana][ElasticSearch_Linux_Kibana 6]

在Index Patterns中可以看到我们配置过的filebeat-\*

点击Discover，即可看到secure中的所有日志，页面上方的搜索框中输入关键字，即可完成日志的检索。如下图（点击图片，可查看高清大图）：

![ElasticSearch实战：Linux日志对接Kibana][ElasticSearch_Linux_Kibana 7]

使用Kibana进行日志检索

[ElasticSearch_Linux_Kibana]: https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cDovL3AzLnBzdGF0cC5jb20vbGFyZ2UvcGdjLWltYWdlLzVkZmIzODEyNGI1YTQ4MzQ4MGM1YWM5YWZmZjU5OTdl
[ElasticSearch_Linux_Kibana 1]: https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cDovL3A5LnBzdGF0cC5jb20vbGFyZ2UvcGdjLWltYWdlL2M4ZTBlYmZiMzI1NTRlN2Q4MmZiNjMzNDEwMTkyYWI5
[ElasticSearch_Linux_Kibana 2]: https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cDovL3AxLnBzdGF0cC5jb20vbGFyZ2UvcGdjLWltYWdlLzRkM2ExNzE0ZjAzYzQzMTU5Yjg0NTBlMDAxZjViMTNi
[ElasticSearch_Linux_Kibana 3]: https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cDovL3AxLnBzdGF0cC5jb20vbGFyZ2UvcGdjLWltYWdlL2ZjODBhZGZhNmVjMTQ3Mjk5ODA1ZTBjZmRlZjliZjlh
[ElasticSearch_Linux_Kibana 4]: /images/20211116/86485ef18a204927b566081e0131d8ae.png
[ElasticSearch_Linux_Kibana 5]: /images/20211116/970960e76c1640a8aaad97852904edca.png
[ElasticSearch_Linux_Kibana 6]: https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cDovL3AxLnBzdGF0cC5jb20vbGFyZ2UvcGdjLWltYWdlL2I2MDAwMzg0ZWU1YTRiYjJiZjUxZTFkNjUxMWQ3YTQ5
[ElasticSearch_Linux_Kibana 7]: https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cDovL3AzLnBzdGF0cC5jb20vbGFyZ2UvcGdjLWltYWdlLzUxMDg1N2I1YTYyZjQ0OWE4ODI3ZDUwM2Q4OWQ2Nzhm