Linux磁盘体系知识介绍及磁盘原理

冷不防 2024-04-17 05:49 28阅读 0赞

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjE5MzQ4OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

## 1. 怎么采购磁盘： ##

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#### 接口类型 ####

IDE和 SCSI 已经被逐渐淘汰

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#### 固态磁盘 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjE5MzQ4OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]

## 2. buffer和cacher ##

buffer 写入缓冲区  
cacher 读取缓存区  
都可以减少磁盘I/O，延长寿命  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjE5MzQ4OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]

## 3. 生产环境磁盘的选型和应用案例 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjE5MzQ4OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]

#### 磁盘选型： ####

首选SAS硬盘，单盘容量不要太大  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjE5MzQ4OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]  
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## 4.磁盘的名词介绍 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjE5MzQ4OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16]  
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#### 4.1盘面 ####

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#### 4.2磁盘的磁道 ####

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#### 4.3磁盘的柱面 ####

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柱面：是所有盘面上相同半径的不同磁道的集合  
**柱面和磁柱的关系**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjE5MzQ4OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 23]  
![在这里插入图片描述][201908241212597.png]

## 4.4 磁盘的扇区 ##

磁盘上的信息存储最小单元是扇区，512字节  
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扇区和磁盘的关系  
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## 5. 磁道柱面扇区总括 ##

总结：  
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**一句话定义**  
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## 6.磁盘容量的计算 ##

**第一种计算方式：**  
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**第二种计算方式**：

磁盘大小 = 柱面大小  *  柱面数 
    			柱面大小=磁道大小 * 磁头数
    磁盘大小=磁道大小 * 磁头数 *  柱面数 
    							柱面数=磁道数
    磁盘大小=磁道大小 * 磁头数 * 磁道数
    		磁道大小=扇区数*扇区大小
    		磁道大小=扇区数*512字节
    磁盘大小=512字节*扇区数*磁头数*磁道数

两种方式最终都能得到同样的磁盘大小计算公式

## 7.fdisk -l 查看磁盘的信息 ##

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
    
    Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00074e05
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sda1   *           1          39      307200   83  Linux
    Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
    /dev/sda2              39        2350    18566144   83  Linux
    /dev/sda3            2350        2611     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris
    [root@localhost ~]#

**Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes**  
块设备名称为/dev/sda，此设备的大小为 21.5 GB，这个数字不是特别精确，我系统是20GB；21474836480 bytes这是转换成字节后的大小，即：21474836480 /1024/1024/1024=10GB (注：bytes=B，表示“字节”，bit=b，表示“位”)

[root@localhost ~]# echo "21474836480/1024/1024/1024"|bc
    20
    [root@localhost ~]#

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders  
255 heads：表示磁头数为255  
63 sectors/track：表示每磁道上有63个扇区  
2610 cylinders：表示共有2610 个柱面，柱面是分区的最小单位

Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes  
16065=255\*63 因为每一个磁头都是在同一个柱面的，63表示每个磁道上的扇区数量，这两个数的乘积表示一个柱面上的扇区数量；

###### 所以16065\*512表示一个柱面的大小是8225280字节 ######

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
表示一个扇区的大小是512字节

总结：所以一个磁盘的大小=一个柱面大小*柱面的总数=磁头数量*每个磁道上的扇区数*一个扇区大小*柱面总数

## 8.磁盘读写数据原理 ##

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjE5MzQ4OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 31][]

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