java 正则表达式精确查找和替换指定字符

拼搏现实的明天。 2024-03-17 10:12 44阅读 0赞

### 情形： ###

在复制模型的时候，要给名称加上“-复制”。一开始用的是 replace进行全部替换。在测试的时候，出现有元素名称跟模型名称是一样的，这样替换就有问题。这时候要改成正则去匹配和替换对应内容。

{
    	"flowModel": {
    		"flowMod": 502,
    		"flowType": 2,
    		"flowTypeName": "普通流程",
    		"flowTypeNameUs": "common",
    		"flowName": "流程表单模型A",
    		"flowNameUs": "流程表单模型A",
    		"fieldName": "流程表单模型A",
    		"state": "A"
    	},
    	"formModel": {
    		"formId": 108,
    		"flowMod": 502,
    		"flowName": "流程表单模型A",
    		"flowNameUs": "流程表单模型A",
    		"formName": "流程表单模型A",
    		"formNameUs": "流程表单模型A",
    		"fieldName": "流程表单模型A"
    	}
    }

目标： 替换里面 flowName， flowNameUs，formName和formNameUs的名称

### 先处理一个 ###

#### 先写正则表单式： ####

String pattern ="\"flowName\""+ ":"+"\\s*\"" + modelName + "\"";

\\\\s\*可以匹配0到多个空格

匹配到对应值后，用整个值进行替换

public static String matchReplaceName(String content, String modelName, String newModelName)
        {
            String pattern ="\"flowName\""+ ":"+"\\s*\"" + modelName + "\"";
            System.out.println("pattern "+pattern);
            Pattern p = Pattern.compile(pattern);
            Matcher m = p.matcher(content);
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
            while (m.find()) {
                String group = m.group();
                m.appendReplacement(sb, group.replace(modelName, newModelName));
            }
            m.appendTail(sb);
            return sb.toString();
        }

#### 测试： ####

public static void main(String[] args) {
            String content = initData();
            String modelName = "流程表单模型A";
            String newModelName = "流程表单模型A-复制";
            content = matchReplaceName(content, modelName, newModelName);
            System.out.println(content);
        } 
    
        private static String initData(){
            String data = "{\n" +
                    "\t\"flowModel\": {\n" +
                    "\t\t\"flowMod\": 502,\n" +
                    "\t\t\"flowType\": 2,\n" +
                    "\t\t\"flowTypeName\": \"普通流程\",\n" +
                    "\t\t\"flowTypeNameUs\": \"common\",\n" +
                    "\t\t\"flowName\": \"流程表单模型A\",\n" +
                    "\t\t\"flowNameUs\": \"流程表单模型A\",\n" +
                    "\t\t\"fieldName\": \"流程表单模型A\",\n" +
                    "\t\t\"state\": \"A\"\n" +
                    "\t},\n" +
                    "\t\"formModel\": {\n" +
                    "\t\t\"formId\": 108,\n" +
                    "\t\t\"flowMod\": 502,\n" +
                    "\t\t\"flowName\": \"流程表单模型A\",\n" +
                    "\t\t\"flowNameUs\": \"流程表单模型A\",\n" +
                    "\t\t\"formName\": \"流程表单模型A\",\n" +
                    "\t\t\"formNameUs\": \"流程表单模型A\",\n" +
                    "\t\t\"fieldName\": \"流程表单模型A\"\n" +
                    "\t}\n" +
                    "}";
            return data;
        }

#### 结果： ####

pattern "flowName":\s*"流程表单模型A"
    {
    	"flowModel": {
    		"flowMod": 502,
    		"flowType": 2,
    		"flowTypeName": "普通流程",
    		"flowTypeNameUs": "common",
    		"flowName": "流程表单模型A-复制",
    		"flowNameUs": "流程表单模型A",
    		"fieldName": "流程表单模型A",
    		"state": "A"
    	},
    	"formModel": {
    		"formId": 108,
    		"flowMod": 502,
    		"flowName": "流程表单模型A-复制",
    		"flowNameUs": "流程表单模型A",
    		"formName": "流程表单模型A",
    		"formNameUs": "流程表单模型A",
    		"fieldName": "流程表单模型A"
    	}
    }

### 多个的： ###

#### 表达式： ####

完成了单个，多个的用"|"进行分隔，先继续写单个的，然后拼接多一起

public static String matchReplaceName(String content, String modelName, String newModelName)
        {
            String condition = ":"+"\\s*\"" + modelName + "\"";
            String pattern1 = "\"flowName\""+condition;
            String pattern2 = "\"flowNameUs\""+condition;
            String pattern3 = "\"formName\""+condition;
            String pattern4 = "\"formNameUs\""+condition;
            String pattern = pattern1 +"|"+pattern2+"|"+ pattern3 +"|"+pattern4;
            System.out.println("pattern "+pattern);
            Pattern p = Pattern.compile(pattern);
            Matcher m = p.matcher(content);
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
            while (m.find()) {
                String group = m.group();
                group = group.replace(modelName, newModelName);
                m.appendReplacement(sb, group);
            }
            m.appendTail(sb);
            return sb.toString();
        }

最后可以把pattern的输出弄成一整行

#### 测试结果： ####

pattern "flowName":\s*"流程表单模型A"|"flowNameUs":\s*"流程表单模型A"|"formName":\s*"流程表单模型A"|"formNameUs":\s*"流程表单模型A"
    {
    	"flowModel": {
    		"flowMod": 502,
    		"flowType": 2,
    		"flowTypeName": "普通流程",
    		"flowTypeNameUs": "common",
    		"flowName": "流程表单模型A-复制",
    		"flowNameUs": "流程表单模型A-复制",
    		"fieldName": "流程表单模型A",
    		"state": "A"
    	},
    	"formModel": {
    		"formId": 108,
    		"flowMod": 502,
    		"flowName": "流程表单模型A-复制",
    		"flowNameUs": "流程表单模型A-复制",
    		"formName": "流程表单模型A-复制",
    		"formNameUs": "流程表单模型A-复制",
    		"fieldName": "流程表单模型A"
    	}
    }

### 总结： ###

如果要精确替换指定字符，可以考虑正则，\\\\s\*可以匹配0到多个空格 适用性会replace更好。先从单个开始入手，再逐个增加，验证，这样更能发现问题和调试。