【操作系统】04.设备管理

你的名字 2024-03-16 11:03 50阅读 0赞

## IO软件层次 ##

![image.png][]

![image.png][image.png 1]

### IO设备 ###

![image.png][image.png 2]  
![image.png][image.png 3]

#### 机械部件 ####

![image.png][image.png 4]  
![image.png][image.png 5]

![image.png][image.png 6]

##### 分类 #####

![image.png][image.png 7]

![image.png][image.png 8]

![image.png][image.png 9]

#### 设备控制器 ####

![image.png][image.png 10]

![image.png][image.png 11]

![image.png][image.png 12]

![image.png][image.png 13]

![image.png][image.png 14]

寄存器编址  
![image.png][image.png 15]

##### IO控制方式 #####

![image.png][image.png 16]

###### 程序直接控制方式 ######

![image.png][image.png 17]

![image.png][image.png 18]

![image.png][image.png 19]

###### 中断驱动方式 ######

![image.png][image.png 20]

![image.png][image.png 21]

###### DMA方式 ######

![image.png][image.png 22]

![image.png][image.png 23]  
![image.png][image.png 24]

###### 通道控制方式 ######

![image.png][image.png 25]

![image.png][image.png 26]

### 中断处理程序 ###

![image.png][image.png 27]

### 设备驱动程序 ###

![image.png][image.png 28]

### 设备独立性软件 ###

![image.png][image.png 29]  
![image.png][image.png 30]  
![image.png][image.png 31]  
![image.png][image.png 32]  
![image.png][image.png 33]  
![image.png][image.png 34]

#### IO调度 ####

![image.png][image.png 35]

#### 设备保护 ####

![image.png][image.png 36]

#### 设备分配与回收 ####

![image.png][image.png 37]

![image.png][image.png 38]

![image.png][image.png 39]

##### 静态分配和动态分配 #####

![image.png][image.png 40]

##### 数据结构 #####

![image.png][image.png 41]  
![image.png][image.png 42]  
![image.png][image.png 43]  
![image.png][image.png 44]  
![image.png][image.png 45]

##### 设备分配步骤 #####

![image.png][image.png 46]

改进  
![image.png][image.png 47]

#### 缓冲区管理 ####

![image.png][image.png 48]

![image.png][image.png 49]  
缓冲区的组成

1.  硬件寄存器  
    成本高，一般用户队速度要求高的场合，例如存储器管理的快表，设备控制器的数据缓冲区
2.  内存  
    大多数场景

##### 缓冲区作用 #####

![image.png][image.png 50]

*  缓和cpu和IO设备之间速度不匹配的矛盾
 *  减少对cpu的中断频率  
    如果达到一点数据，就传送一点数据，那么对cpu的中断将会变得十分频繁
 *  解决数据粒度不配的问题  
    解决生产者和消费者之间数据交换单元大小不匹配的问题
 *  提高cpu和IO设备的并行性

##### 单缓冲 #####

![image.png][image.png 51]  
![image.png][image.png 52]

##### 双缓冲 #####

![image.png][image.png 53]  
![image.png][image.png 54]

![image.png][image.png 55]

![image.png][image.png 56]

##### 循环缓冲区 #####

![image.png][image.png 57]

##### 缓冲池 #####

![image.png][image.png 58]

### 用户层软件 ###

![image.png][image.png 59]

![image.png][image.png 60]

#### 系统调用 ####

![image.png][image.png 61]

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网络设备接口  
![image.png][image.png 64]

#### Spooling ####

![image.png][image.png 65]

##### 脱机技术 #####

![image.png][image.png 66]

*  脱机输入/输出方式

![image.png][image.png 67]

为了缓解主机cpu和IO设备之间速度不匹配的矛盾，出现了脱机IO技术

*  在外围机的控制下，通过输入设备，将数据输入到磁盘；当cpu需要时，直接从磁盘调入数据到内存
 *  反之，处理机输出数据的时候，先把数据输出到磁盘；然后在另一个外围机的控制下，通过输出设备，将数据输出

##### 假脱机技术 #####

*  假脱机技术

在多道系统中，可以用一道程序来模拟外围机，这样便可以通过主机的直接控制下，实现以前的脱机输入和输出功能，外围操作和cpu数据处理同时进行，这种技术成为假脱机技术（Spooling技术）  
![image.png][image.png 68]

##### 应用 #####

![image.png][image.png 69]  
![image.png][image.png 70]  
![image.png][image.png 71]

## 磁盘 ##

![image.png][image.png 72]

### 磁盘结构 ###

![image.png][image.png 73]

![image.png][image.png 74]

![image.png][image.png 75]

### 读写数据 ###

![image.png][image.png 76]

### 磁盘调度算法 ###

![image.png][image.png 77]

![image.png][image.png 78]

#### 先来先服务 ####

![image.png][image.png 79]

#### 最短寻找时间有限 ####

![image.png][image.png 80]

#### 扫描算法 ####

![image.png][image.png 81]

#### Look算法 ####

![image.png][image.png 82]

#### 循环扫描算法 ####

![image.png][image.png 83]

#### C-look算法 ####

![image.png][image.png 84]

### 减少磁盘延迟时间 ###

![image.png][image.png 85]

### 固态硬盘 ###

![image.png][image.png 86]

![image.png][image.png 87]

![image.png][image.png 88]

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