SpringBoot中通过自定义Jackson注解实现接口返回数据脱敏

亦凉 2023-10-13 18:12 54阅读 0赞

## 场景 ##

SpringBoot中整合Sharding Sphere实现数据加解密/数据脱敏/数据库密文，查询明文：

[SpringBoot中整合Sharding Sphere实现数据加解密/数据脱敏/数据库密文，查询明文\_霸道流氓气质的博客-CSDN博客][SpringBoot_Sharding Sphere_-CSDN]

上面讲的是数据库中存储密文，查询时使用明文的脱敏方式，如果是需要数据库中存储

明文，而在查询时返回处理后的数据，比如身份证号、手机号等敏感数据，可以通过如下方式。

注：

博客：  
[霸道流氓气质的博客\_CSDN博客-C\#,架构之路,SpringBoot领域博主][CSDN_-C_SpringBoot]

## 实现 ##

1、自定义Jackson注解

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JacksonAnnotationsInside;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.annotation.JsonSerialize;
    import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
    import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
    import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
    import java.lang.annotation.Target;
    
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Target(ElementType.FIELD)
    @JacksonAnnotationsInside
    @JsonSerialize(using = SensitiveJsonSerializer.class)
    public @interface Sensitive {
        //脱敏策略
        SensitiveStrategy strategy();
    }

2、指定脱敏策略，这个规则根据业务具体需求去制定，下面只做演示

import java.util.function.Function;
    
    /**
     * 脱敏策略，枚举类，针对不同的数据定制特定的策略
     */
    public enum SensitiveStrategy {
        /**
         * 用户名
         */
        USERNAME(s -> s.replaceAll("(\\S)\\S(\\S*)", "$1*$2")),
        /**
         * 身份证
         */
        ID_CARD(s -> s.replaceAll("(\\d{4})\\d{10}(\\w{4})", "$1****$2")),
        /**
         * 手机号
         */
        PHONE(s -> s.replaceAll("(\\d{3})\\d{4}(\\d{4})", "$1****$2")),
        /**
         * 地址
         */
        ADDRESS(s -> s.replaceAll("(\\S{3})\\S{2}(\\S*)\\S{2}", "$1****$2****"));
    
        private final Function<String, String> desensitizer;
        SensitiveStrategy(Function<String, String> desensitizer) {
            this.desensitizer = desensitizer;
        }
        public Function<String, String> desensitizer() {
            return desensitizer;
        }
    }

3、定制JSON序列化实现

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.BeanProperty;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonSerializer;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializerProvider;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.ContextualSerializer;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.Objects;
    
    /**
     * 序列化注解自定义实现
     * JsonSerializer<String>：指定String 类型，serialize()方法用于将修改后的数据载入
     */
    public class SensitiveJsonSerializer extends JsonSerializer<String> implements ContextualSerializer {
        private SensitiveStrategy strategy;
        @Override
        public void serialize(String value, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider serializers) throws
                IOException {
            gen.writeString(strategy.desensitizer().apply(value));
        }
        /**
         * 获取属性上的注解属性
         */
        @Override
        public JsonSerializer<?> createContextual(SerializerProvider prov, BeanProperty property) throws
                JsonMappingException {
            Sensitive annotation = property.getAnnotation(Sensitive.class);
            if (Objects.nonNull(annotation)&&Objects.equals(String.class,
                    property.getType().getRawClass())) {
                this.strategy = annotation.strategy();
                return this;
            }
            return prov.findValueSerializer(property.getType(), property);
        }
    }

4、新增User类，并对需要脱敏的字段添加注解，并指定脱敏策略

import com.badao.demo.sensitive.Sensitive;
    import com.badao.demo.sensitive.SensitiveStrategy;
    import lombok.Data;
    import java.io.Serializable;
    
    @Data
    public class User implements Serializable {
    
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -5514139686858156155L;
    
        private Integer id;
    
        private Integer userId;
    
        @Sensitive(strategy = SensitiveStrategy.USERNAME)
        private String name;
    
        private Integer age;
    
    }

5、编写controller进行测试

@RequestMapping("user")
    @RestController
    public class UserController {
    
        @Autowired
        private UserService userService;
    
        @RequestMapping("save")
        public String save() {
            User user = new User();
            user.setUserId(new Random().nextInt( 1000 ) + 1);
            user.setName("badao"+user.getUserId());
            user.setAge(new Random().nextInt( 80 ) + 1);
            userService.insert(user);
            return "save success";
        }
    
        @RequestMapping("select")
        public User select() {
            List<User> all = userService.findAll();
            return all.size()>0?all.get(0):new User();
        }
    }

测试效果

![7565038afa674b5f97451555ecd4ea5c.png][]

![Image 1][]

[SpringBoot_Sharding Sphere_-CSDN]: https://blog.csdn.net/BADAO_LIUMANG_QIZHI/article/details/131742091
[CSDN_-C_SpringBoot]: https://blog.csdn.net/badao_liumang_qizhi
[7565038afa674b5f97451555ecd4ea5c.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/7565038afa674b5f97451555ecd4ea5c.png
[Image 1]: