在Android中，简化冗长的监听/回调写法

向右看齐 2023-10-09 14:51 30阅读 0赞

### 1. 前言 ###

我们平时在注册Android回调的时候，通常只会用到其中的一两个方法，但却要为此实现所有的方法

比如，注册`EditText`的监听

editText.addTextChangedListener(object : TextWatcher {
        
        override fun beforeTextChanged(text: CharSequence?, start: Int, count: Int, after: Int) {
        
    		Log.i(TAG,"beforeTextChanged")
        }
    
        override fun onTextChanged(text: CharSequence?, start: Int, before: Int, count: Int) {
        
    		Log.i(TAG,"onTextChanged:$text")
        }
    
        override fun afterTextChanged(editable: Editable?) {
        
            Log.i(TAG,"afterTextChanged")
        }
    })

又比如，注册动画的监听

animator.addListener(object : Animator.AnimatorListener{
        
        override fun onAnimationStart(animation: Animator?) {
        
    		Log.i(TAG,"onAnimationStart")
        }
    
        override fun onAnimationEnd(animation: Animator?) {
        
    		Log.i(TAG,"onAnimationEnd")
        }
    
        override fun onAnimationCancel(animation: Animator?) {
        
    		Log.i(TAG,"onAnimationCancel")
        }
    
        override fun onAnimationRepeat(animation: Animator?) {
        
        	Log.i(TAG,"onAnimationRepeat")
        }
    })

本文的目标就是简化这种监听，只实现自己所需要的方法。  
最终效果期望是这样的 :

textView.addTextChangedListener(onTextChanged = {
         text, start, count, after ->
        Log.i(TAG,"onTextChanged:$text")
    })

或者是这样

tabLayout.addOnTabSelectedListener(
        registerOnTabSelectedListener {
        
            onTabSelected {
        
                Log.i(TAG, "onTabSelected:${
          it?.position}")
            }
        })

### 2. 方法一 : Kotlin DSL ###

我们可以使用`Kotlin DSL`的特性，来实现这个功能，我们以`editText.addTextChangedListener`为例

#### 2.1 定义方法对应的CallBack ####

private typealias BeforeTextChangedCallback =
            (s: CharSequence?, start: Int, count: Int, after: Int) -> Unit
    
    private typealias OnTextChangedCallback =
            (s: CharSequence?, start: Int, before: Int, count: Int) -> Unit
    
    private typealias AfterTextChangedCallback = (s: Editable?) -> Unit

typealias表示类型别名，即这里将这些`CallBack`取了一个别名，方便后面使用

#### 2.2 实现TextWatcherBuilder继承自TextWatcher ####

class TextWatcherBuilder : TextWatcher {
        
    
        private var beforeTextChangedCallback: BeforeTextChangedCallback? = null
        private var onTextChangedCallback: OnTextChangedCallback? = null
        private var afterTextChangedCallback: AfterTextChangedCallback? = null
    
        override fun beforeTextChanged(s: CharSequence?, start: Int, count: Int, after: Int) =
                beforeTextChangedCallback?.invoke(s, start, count, after) ?: Unit
    
        override fun onTextChanged(s: CharSequence?, start: Int, before: Int, count: Int) =
                onTextChangedCallback?.invoke(s, start, before, count) ?: Unit
    
        override fun afterTextChanged(s: Editable?) =
                afterTextChangedCallback?.invoke(s) ?: Unit
    
        fun beforeTextChanged(callback: BeforeTextChangedCallback) {
        
            beforeTextChangedCallback = callback
        }
    
        fun onTextChanged(callback: OnTextChangedCallback) {
        
            onTextChangedCallback = callback
        }
    
        fun afterTextChanged(callback: AfterTextChangedCallback) {
        
            afterTextChangedCallback = callback
        }
    }

#### 2.3 实现注册方法 ####

inline fun registerTextWatcher(function: TextWatcherBuilder.() -> Unit) =
            TextWatcherBuilder().also(function)

#### 2.4 进行使用 ####

editText.addTextChangedListener(
    	registerTextWatcher {
        
    	    onTextChanged {
         text, start, before, count ->
    	        Log.i(TAG, "当内容改变:$text")
    	    }
    	})

#### 2.5 其他的监听简化 ####

##### 2.5.1 TabLayout.addOnTabSelectedListener #####

private typealias OnTabCallback = (tab: Tab?) -> Unit
    
    class OnTabSelectedListenerBuilder : OnTabSelectedListener {
        
    
        private var onTabReselectedCallback: OnTabCallback? = null
        private var onTabUnselectedCallback: OnTabCallback? = null
        private var onTabSelectedCallback: OnTabCallback? = null
    
        override fun onTabReselected(tab: Tab?) =
                onTabReselectedCallback?.invoke(tab) ?: Unit
    
        override fun onTabUnselected(tab: Tab?) =
                onTabUnselectedCallback?.invoke(tab) ?: Unit
    
        override fun onTabSelected(tab: Tab?) =
                onTabSelectedCallback?.invoke(tab) ?: Unit
    
        fun onTabReselected(callback: OnTabCallback) {
        
            onTabReselectedCallback = callback
        }
    
        fun onTabUnselected(callback: OnTabCallback) {
        
            onTabUnselectedCallback = callback
        }
    
        fun onTabSelected(callback: OnTabCallback) {
        
            onTabSelectedCallback = callback
        }
    
    }
    
    inline fun registerOnTabSelectedListener(function: OnTabSelectedListenerBuilder.() -> Unit) =
            OnTabSelectedListenerBuilder().also(function)

进行使用

tabLayout.addOnTabSelectedListener(
    	registerOnTabSelectedListener {
        
    	    onTabSelected {
        
    	        Log.i(TAG, "当Tab被选中:${
          it?.position}")
    	    }
    	})

##### 2.5.2 Animator.addListener #####

private typealias AnimatorRepeatCallBack = (animation: Animator?) -> Unit
    
    private typealias AnimatorEndCallBack = (animation: Animator?) -> Unit
    
    private typealias AnimatorCancelCallBack = (animation: Animator?) -> Unit
    
    private typealias AnimatorStartCallBack = (animation: Animator?) -> Unit
    
    class AnimatorListenerBuilder : Animator.AnimatorListener {
        
        private var animatorRepeatCallback: AnimatorRepeatCallBack? = null
        private var animatorEndCallback: AnimatorEndCallBack? = null
        private var animatorCancelCallBack: AnimatorCancelCallBack? = null
        private var animatorStartCallBack: AnimatorStartCallBack? = null
    
        override fun onAnimationRepeat(animation: Animator?) {
        
            animatorRepeatCallback?.invoke(animation)
        }
    
        override fun onAnimationEnd(animation: Animator?) {
        
            animatorEndCallback?.invoke(animation)
        }
    
        override fun onAnimationCancel(animation: Animator?) {
        
            animatorCancelCallBack?.invoke(animation)
        }
    
        override fun onAnimationStart(animation: Animator?) {
        
            animatorStartCallBack?.invoke(animation)
        }
    
        fun onAnimationRepeat(callback: AnimatorRepeatCallBack) {
        
            animatorRepeatCallback = callback
        }
    
        fun onAnimationEnd(callback: AnimatorEndCallBack) {
        
            animatorEndCallback = callback
        }
    
        fun onAnimationCancel(callback: AnimatorCancelCallBack) {
        
            animatorCancelCallBack = callback
        }
    
        fun onAnimationStart(callback: AnimatorStartCallBack) {
        
            animatorStartCallBack = callback
        }
    }
    
    inline fun registerAnimatorListener(function: AnimatorListenerBuilder.() -> Unit) =
            AnimatorListenerBuilder().also(function)

进行使用

animator.addListener(
        registerAnimatorListener {
        
            onAnimationStart {
        
                Log.i(TAG, "animator start")
            }
        }
    )

##### 2.5.3 Animation.setAnimationListener #####

private typealias AnimationStartCallBack = (animation: Animation?) -> Unit
    
    private typealias AnimationEndCallBack = (animation: Animation?) -> Unit
    
    private typealias AnimationRepeatCallBack = (animation: Animation?) -> Unit
    
    class AnimationListenerBuilder : Animation.AnimationListener {
        
        private var animationStartCallBack: AnimationStartCallBack? = null
        private var animationEndCallBack: AnimationEndCallBack? = null
        private var animationRepeatCallBack: AnimationRepeatCallBack? = null
    
        override fun onAnimationStart(animation: Animation?) {
        
            animationStartCallBack?.invoke(animation)
        }
    
        override fun onAnimationEnd(animation: Animation?) {
        
            animationEndCallBack?.invoke(animation)
        }
    
        override fun onAnimationRepeat(animation: Animation?) {
        
            animationRepeatCallBack?.invoke(animation)
        }
    
        fun onAnimationStart(animation: AnimationStartCallBack) {
        
            animationStartCallBack = animation
        }
    
        fun onAnimationEnd(animation: AnimationEndCallBack) {
        
            animationEndCallBack = animation
        }
    
        fun onAnimationRepeat(animation: AnimationRepeatCallBack) {
        
            animationRepeatCallBack = animation
        }
    }
    
    inline fun registerAnimationListener(function: AnimationListenerBuilder.() -> Unit) =
        AnimationListenerBuilder().also(function)

进行使用

animation.setAnimationListener(
        registerAnimationListener {
        
            onAnimationStart {
        
                Log.i(TAG, "animation start")
            }
        }
    )

### 3. 方法二 : Kotlin 扩展 ###

使用Kotlin的扩展函数，我们也可以实现监听/回调的简化，这里，我们以`TabLayout.addOnTabSelectedListener`为例

#### 3.1 实现TabLayout的扩展方法 ####

public inline fun TabLayout.addOnTabSelectedListener(
        crossinline onTabSelected: (tab: TabLayout.Tab?) -> Unit = {
        },
        crossinline onTabUnselected: (tab: TabLayout.Tab?) -> Unit = {
        },
        crossinline onTabReselected: (tab: TabLayout.Tab?) -> Unit = {
        }
    ): TabLayout.OnTabSelectedListener {
        
        val listener = object : TabLayout.OnTabSelectedListener {
        
            override fun onTabSelected(tab: TabLayout.Tab?) {
        
                onTabSelected.invoke(tab)
            }
    
            override fun onTabUnselected(tab: TabLayout.Tab?) {
        
                onTabUnselected.invoke(tab)
            }
    
            override fun onTabReselected(tab: TabLayout.Tab?) {
        
                onTabReselected.invoke(tab)
            }
        }
        addOnTabSelectedListener(listener)
    
        return listener
    }

#### 3.2 进行使用 ####

tabLayout.addOnTabSelectedListener(
        onTabSelected = {
        
            Log.i(TAG,"onTabSelected:"+it?.position)
        })

#### 3.3 实现单个方法的扩展方法 ####

我们还可以实现单个方法的扩展方法，这样使用会更简单

public inline fun TabLayout.doOnTabSelected(
        crossinline onTabSelected: (tab: TabLayout.Tab?) -> Unit = {
        }
    ) = addOnTabSelectedListener(onTabSelected = {
        
        onTabSelected.invoke(it)
    })
    
    public inline fun TabLayout.doOnTabUnselected(
        crossinline onTabUnselected: (tab: TabLayout.Tab?) -> Unit = {
        }
    ) = addOnTabSelectedListener(onTabUnselected = {
        
        onTabUnselected.invoke(it)
    })
    
    public inline fun TabLayout.doOnTabReselected(
        crossinline onTabReselected: (tab: TabLayout.Tab?) -> Unit = {
        }
    ) = addOnTabSelectedListener(onTabReselected = {
        
        onTabReselected.invoke(it)
    })

#### 3.4 进行使用 ####

tabLayout.doOnTabSelected {
        
        Log.i(TAG,"onTabSelected:"+it?.position)
    }

#### 3.5 Kotlin-ktx ####

在`kotlin-ktx`中，`Google`已经为我们做了一些监听的简化了，可以直接使用。

##### 3.5.1 引入包 #####

implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.7.0'

##### 3.5.2 TextView中进行使用 #####

textView.addTextChangedListener(onTextChanged = {
         text, start, before, count ->
    	Log.i(TAG,"onTextChanged:$text")
    })

还可以直接注册其某一个方法

textView.doBeforeTextChanged {
         text, start, count, after ->
       Log.i(TAG, "onBeforeTextChanged:$text")
    }
    textView.doOnTextChanged {
         text, start, before, count ->
       Log.i(TAG, "onTextChange:$text")
    }
    textView.doAfterTextChanged {
        
       Log.i(TAG, "onAfterTextChanged")
    }

##### 3.5.3 Animator中进行使用 #####

val animator = ValueAnimator.ofInt(0, 100)
    animator.addListener(onStart = {
        
        Log.i(TAG,"onStart")
    }, onEnd = {
        
        Log.i(TAG,"onEnd")
    }, onRepeat = {
        
        Log.i(TAG,"onRepeat")
    }, onCancel = {
        
        Log.i(TAG,"onCancel")
    })

也可以直接注册其某一个方法

animator.doOnStart {
        
        Log.i(TAG,"onStart")
    }
    animator.doOnEnd {
        
        Log.i(TAG,"onEnd")
    }
    animator.doOnRepeat {
        
        Log.i(TAG,"onRepeat")
    }
    animator.doOnCancel {
        
        Log.i(TAG,"onCancel")
    }

##### 3.5.4 Transition中进行使用 #####

val startScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(group, R.layout.activity_main_start, this)
    val changeBounds = ChangeBounds()
    TransitionManager.go(startScene, changeBounds)
    changeBounds.addListener(
        onStart = {
        
            Log.i(TAG,"onStart")
        },
        onEnd = {
        
            Log.i(TAG,"onEnd")
        },
        onCancel = {
        
            Log.i(TAG,"onCancel")
        },
        onResume = {
        
            Log.i(TAG,"onResume")
        },
        onPause = {
        
            Log.i(TAG,"onPause")
        })

也可以直接注册其某一个方法

changeBounds.doOnStart {
        
    	Log.i(TAG, "onOnStart")
    }
    changeBounds.doOnEnd {
        
        Log.i(TAG, "onOnEnd")
    }
    changeBounds.doOnCancel {
        
        Log.i(TAG, "onOnCancel")
    }
    changeBounds.doOnResume {
        
        Log.i(TAG, "onOnResume")
    }
    changeBounds.doOnPause {
        
        Log.i(TAG, "doOnPause")
    }

> 关于 Transition 可以看我的另几篇博客  
> [Android 使用TransitionManager来方便地实现过渡动画][Android _TransitionManager]  
> [Android TransitionManager源码解析][Android TransitionManager]

更多`Android KTX`方法的介绍，可以看我的另一篇博客 [Android KTX | 官方 Kotlin-core 扩展库 方法大全][Android KTX _ _ Kotlin-core _]

[Android _TransitionManager]: https://blog.csdn.net/EthanCo/article/details/107455557
[Android TransitionManager]: https://blog.csdn.net/EthanCo/article/details/107456112
[Android KTX _ _ Kotlin-core _]: https://blog.csdn.net/EthanCo/article/details/127227004