【SpringMVC】006-SpringMVC响应数据类型

柔光的暖阳◎ 2023-10-05 08:03 40阅读 0赞

#  #

# 一、响应json数据之过滤静态资源 #

## 1、概述 ##

DispatcherServlet会拦截到所有的资源，这就导致静态资源（html、css、js）也会被拦截到，从而不能被使用。解决问题就是需要配置静态资源不进行拦截；

## 2、示例 ##

### index.jsp页面： ###

### spring-mvc.xml配置文件： ###

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xsi:schemaLocation="
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
        
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.zibo.controller"/>
        
        
        <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
            <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
        </bean>
    
        <mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/js/"/>
        
        <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    </beans>

### 运行结果： ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5Njg5MzQz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

# 二、发送ajax请求 #

### HelloController类： ###

package com.zibo.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    
    //控制器
    @Controller
    public class HelloController {
        //设置路径为"/hello"
        @RequestMapping(value = "/hello")
        public void sayHello(@RequestBody String body) {
            //控制台打印"Hello Spring MVC!"
            System.out.println("Hello Spring MVC!");
            //输出请求体
            System.out.println(body);
        }
    }

### index.jsp页面： ###

<%--
      Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
      User: ZiBo
      Date: 2020/8/9
      Time: 14:52
      To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
    --%>
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>Title</title>
        <script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/js/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script>
        <script>
            //页面加载，绑定按钮点击事件
            $(function () {
                $("#btn").click(function () {
                    // alert("Hello!");
                    //发送ajax请求
                    $.ajax({
                        //编写json格式，设置属性和值
                        url:"hello",
                        contentType:"application/json;charset=UTF-8",
                        data:"{'username':'大哥','password':'123','age':20}",
                        dataType:"json",
                        type:"post",
                        success:function (data) {
                            //data是服务端响应的json数据
    
                        }
                    });
                });
            });
        </script>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h3>入门程序！</h3>
        <a href="hello">点我调转到success.jsp页面</a>
        <br/>
        <button id="btn">发送ajax请求</button>
    </body>
    </html>

### 运行结果： ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5Njg5MzQz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

# 三、将服务端接收到的json数据封装成Javabean #

## 第一步：为pom.xml添加jackson坐标依赖 ##

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
      <groupId>org.example</groupId>
      <artifactId>SpringMVC01</artifactId>
      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
      <packaging>war</packaging>
    
      <name>SpringMVC01 Maven Webapp</name>
      
      <url>http://www.example.com</url>
    
      <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <spring.version>5.2.8.RELEASE</spring.version>
      </properties>
    
      <dependencies>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
          <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
          <version>4.0.1</version>
          <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
          <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
          <version>2.2</version>
          <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
          <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
          <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
          <version>2.11.2</version>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
          <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
          <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
          <version>2.11.2</version>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
          <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
          <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
          <version>2.11.2</version>
        </dependency>
      </dependencies>
    
      <build>
        <finalName>SpringMVC01</finalName>
        <pluginManagement>
          <plugins>
            <plugin>
              <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
              <version>3.1.0</version>
            </plugin>
            
            <plugin>
              <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
              <version>3.0.2</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
              <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
              <version>3.8.0</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
              <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
              <version>2.22.1</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
              <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
              <version>3.2.2</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
              <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
              <version>2.5.2</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
              <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
              <version>2.8.2</version>
            </plugin>
          </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
      </build>
    </project>

## 第二步：User类 ##

package com.zibo.controller;
    
    import java.io.Serializable;
    
    public class User implements Serializable {
        private String username;
        private String password;
        private int age;
    
        public String getUsername() {
            return username;
        }
    
        public void setUsername(String username) {
            this.username = username;
        }
    
        public String getPassword() {
            return password;
        }
    
        public void setPassword(String password) {
            this.password = password;
        }
    
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "User{" +
                    "username='" + username + '\'' +
                    ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                    ", age=" + age +
                    '}';
        }
    }

## 第三步：修改index.jsp代码 ##

<%--
      Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
      User: ZiBo
      Date: 2020/8/9
      Time: 14:52
      To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
    --%>
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>Title</title>
        <script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/js/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script>
        <script>
            //页面加载，绑定按钮点击事件
            $(function () {
                $("#btn").click(function () {
                    // alert("Hello!");
                    //发送ajax请求
                    $.ajax({
                        //编写json格式，设置属性和值
                        url:"hello",
                        contentType:"application/json;charset=UTF-8",
                        data:"{'username':'大哥','password':'123','age':20}",
                        dataType:"json",
                        type:"post",
                        success:function (data) {
                            //data是服务端响应的json数据
                            alert(data.username);
                        }
                    });
                });
            });
        </script>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h3>入门程序！</h3>
        <a href="hello">点我调转到success.jsp页面</a>
        <br/>
        <button id="btn">发送ajax请求</button>
    </body>
    </html>

## 第四步：修改HelloController类 ##

package com.zibo.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
    
    //控制器
    @Controller
    public class HelloController {
        //设置路径为"/hello"
        @RequestMapping(value = "/hello")
        public @ResponseBody User sayHello(@RequestBody User user) {
            //控制台打印"Hello Spring MVC!"
            System.out.println("Hello Spring MVC!");
            //spring-mvc自动将json字符串封装到了user对象里
            System.out.println(user.toString());
            //进行响应
            return user;
        }
    }

## 备注：代码没有成功运行，遇到了这个错误，研究很久没解决，暂时搁置 ##

### 简洁： ###

Content type 'application/json;charset=UTF-8' not supported

### 完整： ###

11-Aug-2020 10:57:37.722 警告 [http-nio-8080-exec-75] org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerExceptionResolver.logException Resolved [org.springframework.web.HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException: Content type 'application/json;charset=UTF-8' not supported]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5Njg5MzQz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020081023523838.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5Njg5MzQz,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5Njg5MzQz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020081108340285.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5Njg5MzQz,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70