Django的主要开发流程（以扩充用户模型为例）

红太狼 2023-07-02 14:27 123阅读 0赞

## 需求描述 ##

完成个人中心页面的用户信息更新  
如图  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zNzU1MTAzNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

## 开发流程（以users为例）： ##

1.  startapp创建应用users
2.  写users下的models
3.  在settings下注册app
4.  makemigrations迁移数据库
5.  设计路由
6.  视图
7.  渲染前端模板

## 1. startapp创建应用 ##

cookiecutter创建项目时已经帮我们创建好了users  
如果要创建自己的app，则使用

python manage.py startapp app_name

## 2. 写users下的models.py ##

class User(AbstractUser):
        # blank=True表示前端提交时可以为空, null=True表示数据库里该字段可以为空
        nickname = models.CharField(verbose_name='用户昵称', blank=True, null=True, max_length=255, default='')
        job = models.CharField(verbose_name='用户职业', blank=True, null=True, max_length=50, default='未知')
        introduction = models.TextField(verbose_name='简介', blank=True, null=True, default='该用户很懒，什么都没留下')
        avtar = models.ImageField(verbose_name='头像', upload_to='users/avatars/', blank=True, null=True, default='')
        address = models.CharField(verbose_name='住址', blank=True, null=True, max_length=50, default='')
        birthday = models.DateField(verbose_name='生日', blank=True, null=True, default=timezone.now)
        personal_url = models.URLField(max_length=255, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name='个人链接', default='')
        weibo = models.URLField(max_length=255, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name='微博链接', default='')
        zhihu = models.URLField(max_length=255, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name='知乎链接', default='')
        github = models.URLField(max_length=255, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name='GitHub链接', default='')
        linkedin = models.URLField(max_length=255, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name='LinkedIn链接', default='')
        created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='创建时间')
        updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name='更新时间')
    
        class Meta:
            verbose_name = '用户'
            verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
            
        def __str__(self):
            return self.username
            
        # 前端界面显示用户信息 有昵称则返回昵称，否则返回用户名
        def get_profile_name(self):
            if self.nickname:
                return self.nickname
            return self.username
    
        def get_absolute_url(self):
            return reverse("users:detail", kwargs={
        "username": self.username})

## 3. 在settings下注册app ##

创建项目时已经有了

LOCAL_APPS = [
        "mydjango.users.apps.UsersConfig",
        # Your stuff: custom apps go here
    ]
    # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#installed-apps
    INSTALLED_APPS = DJANGO_APPS + THIRD_PARTY_APPS + LOCAL_APPS

## 4. makemigrations迁移数据库 ##

python manage.py makemigrations
    python manage.py migrate

## 5. 设计路由 ##

users下的urls.py

app_name = "users"
    urlpatterns = [
        path("~redirect/", view=user_redirect_view, name="redirect"),
        path("~update/", view=user_update_view, name="update"),
        path("<str:username>/", view=user_detail_view, name="detail"),
    ]

## 6. 视图 ##

# 更新视图
    class UserUpdateView(LoginRequiredMixin, UpdateView):
    
        model = User  # 模型
        fields = ["nickname", "job", "introduction", "avatar", "address", "birthday",
                  "personal_url", "weibo", "zhihu", "github", "linkedin"]  # 可更新的字段
        template_name = 'users/user_form.html'
    
        def get_success_url(self):  # 更新成功后跳转
            return reverse("users:detail", kwargs={
        "username": self.request.user.username})
    
        def get_object(self):  # 获取当前登录的对象
            return User.objects.get(username=self.request.user.username)
    
        def form_valid(self, form):
            messages.add_message(
                self.request, messages.INFO, _("Infos successfully updated")
            )
            return super().form_valid(form)
    
    
    user_update_view = UserUpdateView.as_view()

## 7. 渲染前端模板 ##

{% extends "base.html" %}
    {% load crispy_forms_tags %}
    
    {% block title %}{
       { user.username }}{% endblock %}
    
    {% block content %}
      <h1>{
       { user.username }}</h1>
      {#  增加enctype="multipart/form-data"接收多媒体文件以便上传头像 #}
      <form class="form-horizontal" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" action="{% url 'users:update' %}">
        {% csrf_token %}
        {
       { form|crispy }}
        <div class="control-group">
          <div class="controls">
            <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">更新个人信息</button>
          </div>
        </div>
      </form>
    {% endblock %}

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