Apache之虚拟web主机的构建

墨蓝 2023-06-21 12:26 113阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*   *  一、虚拟主机概述
     *  二、实验准备
     *  三、基于域名---构建虚拟主机
     *   *  3.1、DNS解析
         *  3.2、为虚拟主机准备网页文档
         *  3.3、虚拟主机配置
         *  3.4、httpd服务
         *  3.5、结果验证
     *  四、基于端口—构建虚拟主机
     *   *  4.1、实验环境
         *  4.2、实验过程
     *  五、基于IP—构建虚拟主机
     *   *  5.1、应用示例
         *  5.2、实验操作

## 一、虚拟主机概述 ##

*  **虚拟Web主机**
    
     *  在同一台服务器中运行多个Web站点,其中每一一个站点并不独立占用一台真正的计算机
 *  **httpd支持的虚拟主机类型**
    
     *  基于域名的虚拟主机
     *  基于IP地址的虚拟主机
     *  基于端口的虚拟主机

## 二、实验准备 ##

*  构建2个虚拟Web站点：  
    网站：www.test.com、www.demo.com
 *  确认安装httpd、bind 软件
 *  关闭防火墙

yum install -y bind httpd
    systemctl stop firewalld
    setenforce 0

## 三、基于域名—构建虚拟主机 ##

网站：www.test.com，IP：192.168.220.134 
    网站：www.demo.com，IP：192.168.220.134

### 3.1、DNS解析 ###

1、DNS的主配置文件

vim /etc/named.conf

![在这里插入图片描述][20191213091536516.png]  
2、区域配置文件的修改

vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4MzYxNTQx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
3、区域数据文件

cd /var/named
    cp -p named.localhost test.com.zone
    vim test.com.zone

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4MzYxNTQx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
解析的都是www，故直接复制test.com.zone 即可

cp -p test.com.zone demo.com.zone
    systemctl start named

win10系统的配置  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4MzYxNTQx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
可以验证DNS的配置是否成功，在win10系统里用nslookup命令  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4MzYxNTQx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

### 3.2、为虚拟主机准备网页文档 ###

1、创建网页文档![在这里插入图片描述][20191213091938297.png]

分别给两个文件设置网页内容
    echo "this is test01 " > test01/index.html
    echo "this is demo01 " > demo01/index.html

### 3.3、虚拟主机配置 ###

1、添加虚拟主机配置

cd /etc/httpd/conf
    mkdir abc
    cd abc/
    vim vhost.conf

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4MzYxNTQx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]

#####修改模板：
    <VirtualHost *:80>
        DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/test01"
        ServerName www.test.com
        Errorlog "logs/www.test.com.error_log"
        Customlog "logs/www.test.com.access_log" common
        <Directory "/var/www/html">
            Require all granted
        </Directory>
    </VirtualHost>

### 3.4、httpd服务 ###

1、编辑httpd主配置文件

vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
    :/Include   #在行尾模式下添加虚拟主机的配置文件路径
    Include conf/abc/vhost.conf

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4MzYxNTQx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]  
2、开启httpd服务

systemctl start httpd

### 3.5、结果验证 ###

1、最后验证，在win10的浏览器中  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4MzYxNTQx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4MzYxNTQx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]

## 四、基于端口—构建虚拟主机 ##

### 4.1、实验环境 ###

*  构建2个虚拟Web站点
    
     *  www.test.com，IP地址、端口为192.168.220.134:80
     *  www.test. com , IP地址、端口为192.168.220.134:8080
 *  在浏览器中访问这两个端口时,分别显示不同的内容

### 4.2、实验过程 ###

基于上个实验的基础进行修改  
1、在/var/www/html下新建

cd /var/www/html/
    mkdir test02
    echo "this is test02 " > test02/index.html

![在这里插入图片描述][20191213092808714.png]  
2、修改虚拟主机的配置文件vhost.conf  
![在这里插入图片描述][20191213092831519.png]  
3、更改监听地址，同一个ip地址对应不同的端口

vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

![在这里插入图片描述][20191213092915751.png]  
4、重启服务

systemctl restart httpd
    systemctl restart named

5、最后验证  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4MzYxNTQx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4MzYxNTQx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]

## 五、基于IP—构建虚拟主机 ##

### 5.1、应用示例 ###

*  构建2个虚拟Web站点
    
     *  www.demo.com , IP地址为192.168.220.134
     *  www.demo02.com，IP地址为192.168.220.135
 *  在浏览器中访问这两个IP时,分别显示不同的内容

### 5.2、实验操作 ###

1、添加一块新的网卡,查看IP地址  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4MzYxNTQx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]  
在win10里 用ping命令验证与centos7是否互通  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4MzYxNTQx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]  
2、因为IP地址有两个，故DNS配置中需要修改区域文件和域名解析文件。  
![在这里插入图片描述][20191213093623143.png]

vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4MzYxNTQx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]

vim demo02.com.zone

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4MzYxNTQx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]  
启动服务

systemctl restart named

3、为虚拟主机准备网页文档  
![在这里插入图片描述][20191213093801871.png]  
4、修改虚拟主机的配置  
我的两个网卡IP地址分别对应一个站点  
192.168.220.134 www.demo.com  
192.168.220.135 www.demo02.com  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4MzYxNTQx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14]

####代码：
    <VirtualHost 192.168.220.134:80>
        DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/demo01"
        ServerName www.demo.com
        Errorlog "logs/www.demo.com.error_log"
        Customlog "logs/www.demo.com.access_log" common
        <Directory "/var/www/html">
            Require all granted
        </Directory>
    </VirtualHost>
    
    <VirtualHost 192.168.220.135:80>
        DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/demo02"
        ServerName www.demo02.com
        Errorlog "logs/www.demo02.com.error_log"
        Customlog "logs/www.dmeo02.com.access_log" common
        <Directory "/var/www/html">
            Require all granted
        </Directory>
    </VirtualHost>

修改网页的主配置文件

vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4MzYxNTQx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15]  
开启服务，查看80端口状态

systemctl restart httpd
    netstat -natp | grep httpd

![在这里插入图片描述][20191213094039757.png]  
最后，在win10浏览器验证  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4MzYxNTQx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4MzYxNTQx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17]

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