阿里云服务器安装运行 Docker 最新版

朱雀 2023-02-13 11:11 176阅读 0赞

## 环境 ##

首先给大家看一下我的系统 `CentOS 7`：

[root@wsuo ~]# uname -r
    3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64
    [root@wsuo ~]# cat /etc/os-release 
    NAME="CentOS Linux"
    VERSION="7 (Core)"
    ID="centos"
    ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
    VERSION_ID="7"
    PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
    ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
    CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
    HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
    BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"
    
    CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
    CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
    REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
    REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"

## 安装 ##

安装依赖：

sudo yum remove docker \
                      docker-client \
                      docker-client-latest \
                      docker-common \
                      docker-latest \
                      docker-latest-logrotate \
                      docker-logrotate \
                      docker-engine

安装工具包：

sudo yum install -y yum-utils

配置远程仓库的地址：

sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

下面我们开始安装，在安装之前先清理一下缓存：

yum makecache fast

然后安装：

sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

信息如下：

他会问你要不要下载，输入 y 即可：

Install  3 Packages (+9 Dependent packages)
    Upgrade             ( 3 Dependent packages)
    
    Total download size: 91 M
    Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

然后还会让你两次确认，也是输入 y 即可：

Is this ok [y/N]: y
    Is this ok [y/N]: y

当你看到如下信息就表示安装成功了：

Installed:
      containerd.io.x86_64 0:1.2.13-3.2.el7          docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.9-3.el7          docker-ce-cli.x86_64 1:19.03.9-3.el7         
    
    Dependency Installed:
      audit-libs-python.x86_64 0:2.8.5-4.el7         checkpolicy.x86_64 0:2.5-8.el7      container-selinux.noarch 2:2.119.1-1.c57a6f9.el7    
      libcgroup.x86_64 0:0.41-21.el7                 libseccomp.x86_64 0:2.3.1-4.el7     libsemanage-python.x86_64 0:2.5-14.el7              
      policycoreutils-python.x86_64 0:2.5-34.el7     python-IPy.noarch 0:0.75-6.el7      setools-libs.x86_64 0:3.3.8-4.el7                   
    
    Dependency Updated:
      audit.x86_64 0:2.8.5-4.el7              audit-libs.x86_64 0:2.8.5-4.el7              policycoreutils.x86_64 0:2.5-34.el7             
    
    Complete!

## 启动并测试 ##

启动的命令：

sudo systemctl start docker

输入 `docker version`，如果看到以下信息则代表启动成功：

[root@wsuo ~]# docker version
    Client: Docker Engine - Community
     Version:           19.03.9
     API version:       1.40
     Go version:        go1.13.10
     Git commit:        9d988398e7
     Built:             Fri May 15 00:25:27 2020
     OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
     Experimental:      false
    
    Server: Docker Engine - Community
     Engine:
      Version:          19.03.9
      API version:      1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
      Go version:       go1.13.10
      Git commit:       9d988398e7
      Built:            Fri May 15 00:24:05 2020
      OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
      Experimental:     false
     containerd:
      Version:          1.2.13
      GitCommit:        7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429
     runc:
      Version:          1.0.0-rc10
      GitCommit:        dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
     docker-init:
      Version:          0.18.0
      GitCommit:        fec3683

测试 `hello-world`：

[root@wsuo ~]# sudo docker run hello-world
    Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
    latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
    0e03bdcc26d7: Pull complete 
    Digest: sha256:6a65f928fb91fcfbc963f7aa6d57c8eeb426ad9a20c7ee045538ef34847f44f1
    Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
    
    Hello from Docker!
    This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

查看已有的镜像：

[root@wsuo ~]# docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    hello-world         latest              bf756fb1ae65        4 months ago        13.3kB

## 卸载 ##

如果你想卸载的话直需两步：

sudo yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
    sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker

## 阿里云镜像加速 ##

登陆阿里云选择容器镜像服务：![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzk0MTM2NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]  
刚开始他会让你开通服务：  
![20200528163122341.png][]  
点击一下他会让你设置密码，设置一下即可。

然后选择镜像加速器：  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzk0MTM2NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]  
分为这四步即可配置成功：

1.sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
    
    2.sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
    { 
      "registry-mirrors": ["https://cl9be4py.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
    }
    EOF
    
    3.sudo systemctl daemon-reload
    4.sudo systemctl restart docker

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzk0MTM2NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

### Docker 的原理 ###

*  `Docker` 的守护进程运行在主机上，通过 `Socket` 从客户端访问；
 *  `Docker-Server` 接收到 `Docker-Client` 的指令，就会执行这个指令。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzk0MTM2NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]  
Docker 为什么比虚拟机快？

*  `Docker` 利用的是宿主机的内核，而虚拟机是重新搭建一个 OS；

--------------------

巨人的肩膀：

*  [https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/][https_docs.docker.com_engine_install_centos]
 *  [https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1og4y1q7M4?p=9][https_www.bilibili.com_video_BV1og4y1q7M4_p_9]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzk0MTM2NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200528163051110.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzk0MTM2NA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20200528163122341.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200528163122341.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzk0MTM2NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200528163318738.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzk0MTM2NA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzk0MTM2NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020052816381739.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzk0MTM2NA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzk0MTM2NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200528164322534.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mzk0MTM2NA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[https_docs.docker.com_engine_install_centos]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/
[https_www.bilibili.com_video_BV1og4y1q7M4_p_9]: https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1og4y1q7M4