Docker学习（三）Docker常用命令

た入场券 2023-01-08 08:11 274阅读 0赞

# Docker常用命令 #

### 目录 ###

*  Docker常用命令
 *   *  一、帮助命令
     *   *  1. \`docker version\`
         *  2. \`docker info\`
         *  3. \`docker --help\`
     *  二、镜像命令
     *   *  1. \`docker images\`
         *  2. \`docker search\`
         *  3. \`docker pull\`
         *  4. \`docker rmi\`
     *  三、容器命令
     *   *  1. \`拉取一个镜像\`
         *  2. \`docker run\`
         *  3. \`docker ps\`
         *  4. \`退出容器的两种方式\`
         *  5. \`docker start\`
         *  6. \`docker restart\`
         *  7. \`docker stop\`
         *  8. \`docker kill\`
         *  9. \`docker rm\`
     *  四、 容器命令补充（重要！）
     *   *  1. 启动守护式容器
         *  2. 查看容器日志
         *  3. 查看容器内运行的进程
         *  4. 查看容器内部细节
         *  5. 进入正在运行的容器并以命令行交互
         *  6. 互从容器内考贝文件到主机上
     *  五、终极宝典

![在这里插入图片描述][20210119190358371.png]

## 一、帮助命令 ##

### 1. `docker version` ###

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz docker]# docker version
    Client: Docker Engine - Community
     Version:           20.10.2
     API version:       1.41
     Go version:        go1.13.15
     Git commit:        2291f61
     Built:             Mon Dec 28 16:17:48 2020
     OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
     Context:           default
     Experimental:      true
    
    Server: Docker Engine - Community
     Engine:
      Version:          20.10.2
      API version:      1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
      Go version:       go1.13.15
      Git commit:       8891c58
      Built:            Mon Dec 28 16:16:13 2020
      OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
      Experimental:     false
     containerd:
      Version:          1.4.3
      GitCommit:        269548fa27e0089a8b8278fc4fc781d7f65a939b
     runc:
      Version:          1.0.0-rc92
      GitCommit:        ff819c7e9184c13b7c2607fe6c30ae19403a7aff
     docker-init:
      Version:          0.19.0
      GitCommit:        de40ad0

### 2. `docker info` ###

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz docker]# docker info
    Client:
     Context:    default
     Debug Mode: false
     Plugins:
      app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
      buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.5.1-docker)
    
    Server:
     Containers: 2
      Running: 0
      Paused: 0
      Stopped: 2
     Images: 1
     Server Version: 20.10.2
     Storage Driver: overlay2
      Backing Filesystem: extfs
      Supports d_type: true
      Native Overlay Diff: false
     Logging Driver: json-file
     Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
     Cgroup Version: 1
     Plugins:
      Volume: local
      Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
      Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
     Swarm: inactive
     Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
     Default Runtime: runc
     Init Binary: docker-init
     containerd version: 269548fa27e0089a8b8278fc4fc781d7f65a939b
     runc version: ff819c7e9184c13b7c2607fe6c30ae19403a7aff
     init version: de40ad0
     Security Options:
      seccomp
       Profile: default
     Kernel Version: 3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64
     Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
     OSType: linux
     Architecture: x86_64
     CPUs: 1
     Total Memory: 1.796GiB
     Name: VeejaAliYun
     ID: PDT5:V25L:TDYX:PIZE:ZQ6S:I6DR:RMFT:WJEZ:VBOY:6WU6:WEHC:2ATV
     Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
     Debug Mode: false
     Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
     Labels:
     Experimental: false
     Insecure Registries:
      127.0.0.0/8
     Registry Mirrors:
      https://3dgc1ybr.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
     Live Restore Enabled: false

### 3. `docker --help` ###

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz docker]# docker --help
    
    Usage:  docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
    
    A self-sufficient runtime for containers
    
    Options:
          --config string      Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
      -c, --context string     Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and default context set with "docker context use")
      -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
      -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
      -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
          --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
          --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
          --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
          --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
          --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
      -v, --version            Print version information and quit
    
    Management Commands:
      app*        Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
      builder     Manage builds
      buildx*     Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.5.1-docker)
      config      Manage Docker configs
      container   Manage containers
      context     Manage contexts
      image       Manage images
      manifest    Manage Docker image manifests and manifest lists
      network     Manage networks
      node        Manage Swarm nodes
      plugin      Manage plugins
      secret      Manage Docker secrets
      service     Manage services
      stack       Manage Docker stacks
      swarm       Manage Swarm
      system      Manage Docker
      trust       Manage trust on Docker images
      volume      Manage volumes
    
    Commands:
      attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
      build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
      commit      Create a new image from a container's changes cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem create Create a new container diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
      events      Get real time events from the server
      exec        Run a command in a running container
      export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive history Show the history of an image images List images import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image info Display system-wide information inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects kill Kill one or more running containers load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN login Log in to a Docker registry logout Log out from a Docker registry logs Fetch the logs of a container pause Pause all processes within one or more containers port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container ps List containers pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry push Push an image or a repository to a registry rename Rename a container restart Restart one or more containers rm Remove one or more containers rmi Remove one or more images run Run a command in a new container save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default) search Search the Docker Hub for images start Start one or more stopped containers stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics stop Stop one or more running containers tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE top Display the running processes of a container unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers update Update configuration of one or more containers version Show the Docker version information wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
    
    To get more help with docker, check out our guides at https://docs.docker.com/go/guides/

我们可以在Help中，看到docker的帮助文档，其中关于参数和命令，都有详细的解释。

*有志者可以翻译一下。*

## 二、镜像命令 ##

### 1. `docker images` ###

**`docker images` 可以列出本地所有的镜像：**

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz docker]# docker images
    REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
    hello-world   latest    bf756fb1ae65   12 months ago   13.3kB

**字段的说明：**  
`REPOSITORY` : 表示镜像的仓库源  
`TAG` : 镜像的标签  
`IMAGE` ID : 镜像ID  
`CREATED` : 镜像创建时间  
`SIZE` : 镜像大小

**同一仓库源可以有多个TAG，代表这个仓库源的不同版本，我们使用`REPOSITORY:TAG`来定义不同的镜像。**  
如果不指定一个镜像的版本标签，例如只使用Ubuntu，docker，将默认使用`ubuntu:latest`镜像。

**参数说明：**

*  `-a` :列出本地所有的镜像（含中间映像层，默认情况下，过滤掉中间映像层）；
 *  `-q` :只显示镜像ID。
    
        [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz docker]# docker images -a
        REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
        hello-world   latest    bf756fb1ae65   12 months ago   13.3kB
        [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz docker]# docker images -q
        bf756fb1ae65
        [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz docker]# docker images -qa
        bf756fb1ae65
 *  `--digests` :显示镜像的摘要信息；
    
        [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz docker]# docker images
        REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
        hello-world   latest    bf756fb1ae65   12 months ago   13.3kB
        [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz docker]# docker images --digests
        REPOSITORY    TAG       DIGEST                                                                    IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
        hello-world   latest    sha256:31b9c7d48790f0d8c50ab433d9c3b7e17666d6993084c002c2ff1ca09b96391d   bf756fb1ae65   12 months ago   13.3kB
 *  `-f` :显示满足条件的镜像；
 *  `--format` :指定返回值的模板文件；
 *  `--no-trunc` :显示完整的镜像信息；

### 2. `docker search` ###

从Docker Hub查找镜像，例如`docker search tomcat`：

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz docker]# docker search tomcat
    NAME                          DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
    tomcat                        Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   2919      [OK]       
    tomee                         Apache TomEE is an all-Apache Java EE certif…   86        [OK]       
    dordoka/tomcat                Ubuntu 14.04, Oracle JDK 8 and Tomcat 8 base…   55                   [OK]
    bitnami/tomcat                Bitnami Tomcat Docker Image                     37                   [OK]
    kubeguide/tomcat-app          Tomcat image for Chapter 1                      29                   
    consol/tomcat-7.0             Tomcat 7.0.57, 8080, "admin/admin"              17                   [OK]
    cloudesire/tomcat             Tomcat server, 6/7/8                            15                   [OK]
    aallam/tomcat-mysql           Debian, Oracle JDK, Tomcat & MySQL              13                   [OK]
    arm32v7/tomcat                Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   10                   
    maluuba/tomcat7-java8         Tomcat7 with java8.                             6                    
    rightctrl/tomcat              CentOS , Oracle Java, tomcat application ssl…   6                    [OK]
    arm64v8/tomcat                Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   3                    
    cfje/tomcat-resource          Tomcat Concourse Resource                       2                    
    jelastic/tomcat               An image of the Tomcat Java application serv…   2                    
    amd64/tomcat                  Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   2                    
    appsvc/tomcat                                                                 1                    
    chenyufeng/tomcat-centos      tomcat基于centos6的镜像                              1                    [OK]
    picoded/tomcat7               tomcat7 with jre8 and MANAGER_USER / MANAGER…   1                    [OK]
    camptocamp/tomcat-logback     Docker image for tomcat with logback integra…   1                    [OK]
    99taxis/tomcat7               Tomcat7                                         1                    [OK]
    oobsri/tomcat8                Testing CI Jobs with different names.           1                    
    ppc64le/tomcat                Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   1                    
    secoresearch/tomcat-varnish   Tomcat and Varnish 5.0                          0                    [OK]
    softwareplant/tomcat          Tomcat images for jira-cloud testing            0                    [OK]
    s390x/tomcat                  Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   0

**命令格式：**

docker search [OPTIONS] TERM

**参数：**

*  `--automated` :只列出 automated build类型的镜像；
 *  `--no-trunc` :显示完整的镜像描述；
 *  `-s` :列出收藏数不小于指定值的镜像。

**例如：**  
从Docker Hub查找所有镜像名包含java，并且收藏数大于10的镜像：`docker search -s 10 java`  
然而！！！你这么写，可能会好使，也可能会遇到下面这样的错误：

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker search -s 20 java
    unknown shorthand flag: 's' in -s
    See 'docker search --help'.

这是因为在新的版本中，-s参数已经被废弃了，需要使用-f参数+指定条件来代替：  
例如上面的收藏数大于10，就应该写成：`docker search -f stars=10 java`。（此处困惑了好久，感谢**翔哥**对我的支持和指导O(∩\_∩)O哈哈~）

这样就可以看到效果了：

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker search -f stars=10 java
    NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
    node                              Node.js is a JavaScript-based platform for s…   9595      [OK]       
    tomcat                            Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   2919      [OK]       
    openjdk                           OpenJDK is an open-source implementation of …   2569      [OK]       
    java                              Java is a concurrent, class-based, and objec…   1976      [OK]       
    ghost                             Ghost is a free and open source blogging pla…   1309      [OK]       
    couchdb                           CouchDB is a database that uses JSON for doc…   385       [OK]       
    jetty                             Jetty provides a Web server and javax.servle…   354       [OK]       
    groovy                            Apache Groovy is a multi-faceted language fo…   104       [OK]       
    ibmjava                           Official IBM® SDK, Java™ Technology Edition …   83        [OK]       
    lwieske/java-8                    Oracle Java 8 Container - Full + Slim - Base…   48                   [OK]
    nimmis/java-centos                This is docker images of CentOS 7 with diffe…   42                   [OK]
    fabric8/java-jboss-openjdk8-jdk   Fabric8 Java Base Image (JBoss, OpenJDK 8)      28                   [OK]
    timbru31/java-node                OpenJDK JRE or JDK (8 or 11) with Node.js 12…   14                   [OK]
    frekele/java                      docker run --rm --name java frekele/java        12                   [OK]

### 3. `docker pull` ###

**`docker pull` : 从镜像仓库中拉取或者更新指定镜像。**

**命令格式：**

docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]

**参数说明：**

*  `-a` :拉取所有 tagged 镜像
 *  `--disable-content-trust` :忽略镜像的校验,默认开启

**例如：**  
我们输入`docker pull tomcat`，我们在最后没有指定版本，其实就相当于`docker pull tomcat:latest`。

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker pull tomcat
    Using default tag: latest
    latest: Pulling from library/tomcat
    b9a857cbf04d: Pull complete 
    d557ee20540b: Pull complete 
    3b9ca4f00c2e: Pull complete 
    667fd949ed93: Pull complete 
    661d3b55f657: Pull complete 
    511ef4338a0b: Pull complete 
    a56db448fefe: Pull complete 
    00612a99c7dc: Pull complete 
    326f9601c512: Pull complete 
    c547db74f1e1: Pull complete 
    Digest: sha256:94cc18203335e400dbafcd0633f33c53663b1c1012a13bcad58cced9cd9d1305
    Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:latest
    docker.io/library/tomcat:latest

这个时候我们再查看：

### 4. `docker rmi` ###

`docker rmi`：删除本地一个或多少镜像。

**命令格式：**

docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]

**参数说明：**

*  `-f` :强制删除；
 *  `--no-prune` :不移除该镜像的过程镜像，默认移除；

**例如：**  
第一次删除未成功，然后用强制删除命令强制删除。

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker images
    REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
    tomcat        latest    040bdb29ab37   6 days ago      649MB
    hello-world   latest    bf756fb1ae65   12 months ago   13.3kB
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker rmi hello-world
    Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "hello-world" (must force) - container f5b86d16d62d is using its referenced image bf756fb1ae65
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker rmi -f hello-world
    Untagged: hello-world:latest
    Untagged: hello-world@sha256:31b9c7d48790f0d8c50ab433d9c3b7e17666d6993084c002c2ff1ca09b96391d
    Deleted: sha256:bf756fb1ae65adf866bd8c456593cd24beb6a0a061dedf42b26a993176745f6b
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker images
    REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED      SIZE
    tomcat       latest    040bdb29ab37   6 days ago   649MB

删除多个镜像：

删除全部：

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker images
    REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
    tomcat        latest    040bdb29ab37   6 days ago      649MB
    nginx         latest    f6d0b4767a6c   6 days ago      133MB
    hello-world   latest    bf756fb1ae65   12 months ago   13.3kB
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa)
    Untagged: tomcat:latest
    Untagged: tomcat@sha256:94cc18203335e400dbafcd0633f33c53663b1c1012a13bcad58cced9cd9d1305
    Deleted: sha256:040bdb29ab375db2a8de090070dcbee19d43f609385a934c3f2b423e515f57bb
    Deleted: sha256:03ac467e286d36301dba7daaec530f481074197d22d41bd48a32e5a2e3069573
    Deleted: sha256:c56c3d4e36aac2060fdb29c95baf4b4d6916fe9a454751b77b8d89f27dd8dda4
    Deleted: sha256:0f3911a87064866cd2aa7fd863afc1e02bdfa4856afa351e871f0e6a48cfd52b
    Deleted: sha256:7891c5716382337382836e0af1ea998bf77c1eed9c8e806c7aac5f489952f4ba
    Deleted: sha256:56dee2fc4110951264d4b134b303920c633aabbbb0264dc218518b3547320de2
    Deleted: sha256:cd253bbc5a1ce457359958f4905b53a3f6f0ac167ba5065f68385600fdbae99e
    Deleted: sha256:03b0292dbc6978fe1077f948ac07472a8cac23fb4c3cf92c76f5eb62891e3d5a
    Deleted: sha256:19f2a825ed46bbf16a06d9d5185a0ac68196217f302e760abb4cbc3178b14cc1
    Deleted: sha256:b4f0436e967b6b9b021d3ed900a5422da6d8fe8c17c51c7d7e4f9c105812f868
    Deleted: sha256:4762552ad7d851a9901571428078281985074e5ddb806979dd7ad24748db4ca0
    Untagged: nginx:latest
    Untagged: nginx@sha256:10b8cc432d56da8b61b070f4c7d2543a9ed17c2b23010b43af434fd40e2ca4aa
    Deleted: sha256:f6d0b4767a6c466c178bf718f99bea0d3742b26679081e52dbf8e0c7c4c42d74
    Deleted: sha256:4dfe71c4470c5920135f00af483556b09911b72547113512d36dc29bfc5f7445
    Deleted: sha256:3c90a0917c79b758d74b7040f62d17a7680cd14077f734330b1994a2985283b8
    Deleted: sha256:a1c538085c6f891424160d8db120ea093d4dda393e94cd4713e3fff3c82299b5
    Deleted: sha256:a3ee2510dcf02c980d7aff635909612006fd1662084d6225e52e769b984abeb5
    Deleted: sha256:cb42413394c4059335228c137fe884ff3ab8946a014014309676c25e3ac86864
    Untagged: hello-world:latest
    Untagged: hello-world@sha256:31b9c7d48790f0d8c50ab433d9c3b7e17666d6993084c002c2ff1ca09b96391d
    Deleted: sha256:bf756fb1ae65adf866bd8c456593cd24beb6a0a061dedf42b26a993176745f6b
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker images
    REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE

## 三、容器命令 ##

### 1. `拉取一个镜像` ###

先拉取一个CentOS的镜像：

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker pull centos
    Using default tag: latest
    latest: Pulling from library/centos
    7a0437f04f83: Pull complete 
    Digest: sha256:5528e8b1b1719d34604c87e11dcd1c0a20bedf46e83b5632cdeac91b8c04efc1
    Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
    docker.io/library/centos:latest

### 2. `docker run` ###

**语法：**

docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

**常用参数说明：**

*  `--name="容器新名字"`: 为容器指定一个名称；
 *  `-d`: 后台运行容器，并返回容器ID，也就是启动守护式容器；
 *  `-i`: 以交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t 同时使用；
 *  `-t`: 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用；
 *  `-P`: 随机端口映射，容器内部端口随机映射到主机的端口
 *  `-p`: 指定端口映射，格式为：主机(宿主)端口:容器端口，有以下四种格式：  
    ip:hostPort:containerPort  
    ip::containerPort  
    hostPort:containerPort  
    containerPort

创建并启动一个CentOS容器：

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker images
    REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
    tomcat       latest    040bdb29ab37   6 days ago    649MB
    centos       latest    300e315adb2f   6 weeks ago   209MB
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker run -it 300e315adb2f
    [root@65d20346cc07 /]# uname
    Linux
    [root@65d20346cc07 /]# uname -r
    3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64
    [root@65d20346cc07 /]# ls
    bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
    [root@65d20346cc07 /]# pwd
    /
    [root@65d20346cc07 /]# ps -ef
    UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
    root         1     0  0 09:09 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
    root        19     1  0 09:11 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef

我们可以打开一个新的终端，查看一下，docker容器的状态，使用`docker ps`命令：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTQ1NjUxMjc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
我们可以看到，最后的name是随机指定的：

[root@VeejaAliYun ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
    65d20346cc07   300e315adb2f   "/bin/bash"   6 minutes ago   Up 6 minutes             musing_pasteur

**指定名称运行：**

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker run -it --name mycentos0119 centos
    [root@09a2f1f90137 /]# [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# 
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# 
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
    09a2f1f90137   centos    "/bin/bash"   20 seconds ago   Up 19 seconds             mycentos0119

### 3. `docker ps` ###

`docker ps` : 列出容器

**命令语法：**

docker ps [OPTIONS]

**参数说明：**

*  `-a` :显示所有的容器，包括未运行的。
 *  `-l` :显示最近创建的容器。
 *  `-n` :列出最近创建的n个容器。
 *  `--no-trunc` :不截断输出。
 *  `-q` :静默模式，只显示容器编号。

**例如，**  
查看所有的容器：

[root@VeejaAliYun ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
    65d20346cc07   300e315adb2f   "/bin/bash"   11 minutes ago   Up 11 minutes             musing_pasteur
    [root@VeejaAliYun ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                   PORTS     NAMES
    65d20346cc07   300e315adb2f   "/bin/bash"   11 minutes ago   Up 11 minutes                      musing_pasteur
    ac3262e00a59   bf756fb1ae65   "/hello"      5 hours ago      Exited (0) 5 hours ago             nervous_moore
    f5b86d16d62d   bf756fb1ae65   "/hello"      6 hours ago      Exited (0) 6 hours ago             suspicious_hamilton

查看最近创建的容器：

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker ps -l
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                            PORTS     NAMES
    65d20346cc07   300e315adb2f   "/bin/bash"   15 minutes ago   Exited (127) About a minute ago             musing_pasteur

查看最近创建的3个容器：

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker ps -n 3
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                       PORTS     NAMES
    65d20346cc07   300e315adb2f   "/bin/bash"   16 minutes ago   Exited (127) 2 minutes ago             musing_pasteur
    ac3262e00a59   bf756fb1ae65   "/hello"      6 hours ago      Exited (0) 6 hours ago                 nervous_moore
    f5b86d16d62d   bf756fb1ae65   "/hello"      6 hours ago      Exited (0) 6 hours ago                 suspicious_hamilton

查看所有的容器的编号：

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker ps -qa
    65d20346cc07
    ac3262e00a59
    f5b86d16d62d

### 4. `退出容器的两种方式` ###

退出容器有两种方式：

*  `exit`：容器停止并退出
    
        [root@65d20346cc07 /]# exit
        exit
        [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]#
 *  `Ctrl`\+`P`\+`Q`：容器不停止并退出

### 5. `docker start` ###

`docker start` :启动一个或多个已经被停止的容器

**命令语法：**

docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

**例如：**  
可以看到我们启动了一个已经停止的容器：

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                          PORTS     NAMES
    09a2f1f90137   centos         "/bin/bash"   8 minutes ago    Exited (0) 7 seconds ago                  mycentos0119
    65d20346cc07   300e315adb2f   "/bin/bash"   29 minutes ago   Exited (127) 15 minutes ago               musing_pasteur
    ac3262e00a59   bf756fb1ae65   "/hello"      6 hours ago      Exited (0) About a minute ago             nervous_moore
    f5b86d16d62d   bf756fb1ae65   "/hello"      6 hours ago      Exited (0) 6 hours ago                    suspicious_hamilton
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker start 09a2f1f90137
    09a2f1f90137
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                          PORTS     NAMES
    09a2f1f90137   centos         "/bin/bash"   8 minutes ago    Up 1 second                               mycentos0119
    65d20346cc07   300e315adb2f   "/bin/bash"   29 minutes ago   Exited (127) 15 minutes ago               musing_pasteur
    ac3262e00a59   bf756fb1ae65   "/hello"      6 hours ago      Exited (0) About a minute ago             nervous_moore
    f5b86d16d62d   bf756fb1ae65   "/hello"      6 hours ago      Exited (0) 6 hours ago                    suspicious_hamilton

### 6. `docker restart` ###

`docker restart` :重启容器

**语法：**

docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

重启一个正在运行的容器，可以看到容器的运行时间发生了变化：

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
    09a2f1f90137   centos         "/bin/bash"   10 minutes ago   Up About a minute                       mycentos0119
    65d20346cc07   300e315adb2f   "/bin/bash"   31 minutes ago   Exited (127) 17 minutes ago             musing_pasteur
    ac3262e00a59   bf756fb1ae65   "/hello"      6 hours ago      Exited (0) 2 minutes ago                nervous_moore
    f5b86d16d62d   bf756fb1ae65   "/hello"      6 hours ago      Exited (0) 6 hours ago                  suspicious_hamilton
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker restart 09a2f1f90137
    09a2f1f90137
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
    09a2f1f90137   centos         "/bin/bash"   10 minutes ago   Up 1 second                             mycentos0119
    65d20346cc07   300e315adb2f   "/bin/bash"   31 minutes ago   Exited (127) 17 minutes ago             musing_pasteur
    ac3262e00a59   bf756fb1ae65   "/hello"      6 hours ago      Exited (0) 3 minutes ago                nervous_moore
    f5b86d16d62d   bf756fb1ae65   "/hello"      6 hours ago      Exited (0) 6 hours ago                  suspicious_hamilton

### 7. `docker stop` ###

`docker stop` :停止一个运行中的容器

**命令语法：**

docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

**例如：**  
停止一个容器：

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
    09a2f1f90137   centos         "/bin/bash"   17 minutes ago   Up 7 minutes                            mycentos0119
    65d20346cc07   300e315adb2f   "/bin/bash"   38 minutes ago   Exited (127) 24 minutes ago             musing_pasteur
    ac3262e00a59   bf756fb1ae65   "/hello"      6 hours ago      Exited (0) 10 minutes ago               nervous_moore
    f5b86d16d62d   bf756fb1ae65   "/hello"      7 hours ago      Exited (0) 7 hours ago                  suspicious_hamilton
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker stop 09a2f1f90137
    09a2f1f90137
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
    09a2f1f90137   centos         "/bin/bash"   17 minutes ago   Exited (0) 3 seconds ago                mycentos0119
    65d20346cc07   300e315adb2f   "/bin/bash"   39 minutes ago   Exited (127) 24 minutes ago             musing_pasteur
    ac3262e00a59   bf756fb1ae65   "/hello"      6 hours ago      Exited (0) 10 minutes ago               nervous_moore
    f5b86d16d62d   bf756fb1ae65   "/hello"      7 hours ago      Exited (0) 7 hours ago                  suspicious_hamilton

### 8. `docker kill` ###

`docker kill` :杀掉一个运行中的容器。

**命令语法：**

docker kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

**例如：**  
直接Kill一个容器实例：

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
    09a2f1f90137   centos    "/bin/bash"   21 minutes ago   Up 23 seconds             mycentos0119
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker kill 09a2f1f90137
    09a2f1f90137
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

### 9. `docker rm` ###

`docker rm` ：删除一个或多个容器。

**语法：**

docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

**参数说明：**

*  `-f`:强制删除。通过 SIGKILL 信号强制删除一个运行中的容器。

**例如：**  
强制删除一个容器：

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
    09a2f1f90137   centos         "/bin/bash"   24 minutes ago   Exited (137) 3 minutes ago              mycentos0119
    65d20346cc07   300e315adb2f   "/bin/bash"   45 minutes ago   Exited (127) 31 minutes ago             musing_pasteur
    ac3262e00a59   bf756fb1ae65   "/hello"      6 hours ago      Exited (0) 17 minutes ago               nervous_moore
    f5b86d16d62d   bf756fb1ae65   "/hello"      7 hours ago      Exited (0) 7 hours ago                  suspicious_hamilton
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker rm 09a2f1f90137
    09a2f1f90137
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
    65d20346cc07   300e315adb2f   "/bin/bash"   45 minutes ago   Exited (127) 31 minutes ago             musing_pasteur
    ac3262e00a59   bf756fb1ae65   "/hello"      6 hours ago      Exited (0) 17 minutes ago               nervous_moore
    f5b86d16d62d   bf756fb1ae65   "/hello"      7 hours ago      Exited (0) 7 hours ago                  suspicious_hamilton

删除所有的两种方式：

*  `docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)`
 *  `docker ps -aq | xargs docker rm`

## 四、 容器命令补充（重要！） ##

我们在上面介绍了基本的容器命令，接下来，将重点补充介绍容器命令中其他的几个非常重要的操作。

### 1. 启动守护式容器 ###

后台启动一个容器，不需要交互，也就是启动守护式的容器。

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker run -d centos
    db296f17d2f223311177ffd3cbde52331a26310815fc706b6d680e9e8766c099
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
    db296f17d2f2   centos    "/bin/bash"   3 seconds ago   Exited (0) 2 seconds ago             happy_shtern

**问题：`docker ps -a`进行查看,会发现容器已经退出！**

很重要的要说明的一点: Docker容器后台运行,就必须有一个前台进程。  
容器运行的命令如果不是那些一直挂起的命令  （比如运行top，tail)，就是会自动退出的。

这个是docker的机制问题，比如你的web容器，我们以nginx为例，正常情况下,我们配置启动服务只需要启动响应的service即可。例如`service nginx start`  
但是,这样做,nginx为后台进程模式运行，就导致docker前台没有运行的应用。  
这样的容器后台启动后，会立即自杀因为他觉得他没事可做了。  
所以，最佳的解决方案是，将你要运行的程序以前台进程的形式运行

### 2. 查看容器日志 ###

**命令格式：**

# 查看指定容器 ID的最后 N条日志
    docker logs -f -t --tail N 容器ID

**参数说明：**

*  `-t`：加入时间戳
 *  `-f`：跟随最新的日志打印
 *  `--tail 数字`：显示最后多少条

我们借助这一条，将centos容器启动后，并不停的打印日志来将它在前台有个响应，这样的话，改程序也不会自动中断。这样就迎合了上小节的需求，我们再次使用ps命令查看的时候，是可以看到对应的容器在运行中的。

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo hello;sleep 2;done"
    0c5e8c2cbc78739240a4cf8a57e769e6cc3e69bded3745df8697c309d3544e76
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
    0c5e8c2cbc78   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   6 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds             mystifying_jennings

我们也可以查看一下日志：

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 0c5e8c2cbc78
    2021-01-19T10:29:11.147546406Z hello
    2021-01-19T10:29:13.149744104Z hello
    2021-01-19T10:29:15.151788743Z hello
    2021-01-19T10:29:17.153590175Z hello
    2021-01-19T10:29:19.155687784Z hello
    2021-01-19T10:29:21.157657581Z hello
    2021-01-19T10:29:23.159900247Z hello
    2021-01-19T10:29:25.161582490Z hello
    2021-01-19T10:29:27.163486038Z hello
    2021-01-19T10:29:29.165341623Z hello
    2021-01-19T10:29:31.167422909Z hello
    2021-01-19T10:29:33.169485809Z hello
    2021-01-19T10:29:35.171370387Z hello
    2021-01-19T10:29:37.173249502Z hello
    ^C
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]#

### 3. 查看容器内运行的进程 ###

查看容器内运行的进程：

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
    0c5e8c2cbc78   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   7 minutes ago   Up 7 minutes             mystifying_jennings
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker top 0c5e8c2cbc78
    UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
    root                10345               10326               0                   18:24               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo hello;sleep 2;done
    root                10699               10345               0                   18:31               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 2
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]#

### 4. 查看容器内部细节 ###

查看容器内部的细节：

[root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
    0c5e8c2cbc78   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   10 minutes ago   Up 10 minutes             mystifying_jennings
    [root@izuf6fu80p2mg0lmvromgaz ~]# docker inspect 0c5e8c2cbc78
    [
        { 
            "Id": "0c5e8c2cbc78739240a4cf8a57e769e6cc3e69bded3745df8697c309d3544e76",
            "Created": "2021-01-19T10:24:11.575980661Z",
            "Path": "/bin/sh",
            "Args": [
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo hello;sleep 2;done"
            ],
            "State": { 
                "Status": "running",
                "Running": true,
                "Paused": false,
                "Restarting": false,
                "OOMKilled": false,
                "Dead": false,
                "Pid": 10345,
                "ExitCode": 0,
                "Error": "",
                "StartedAt": "2021-01-19T10:24:12.844665865Z",
                "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
            },
            "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
            "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0c5e8c2cbc78739240a4cf8a57e769e6cc3e69bded3745df8697c309d3544e76/resolv.conf",
            "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0c5e8c2cbc78739240a4cf8a57e769e6cc3e69bded3745df8697c309d3544e76/hostname",
            "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0c5e8c2cbc78739240a4cf8a57e769e6cc3e69bded3745df8697c309d3544e76/hosts",
            "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0c5e8c2cbc78739240a4cf8a57e769e6cc3e69bded3745df8697c309d3544e76/0c5e8c2cbc78739240a4cf8a57e769e6cc3e69bded3745df8697c309d3544e76-json.log",
            "Name": "/mystifying_jennings",
            "RestartCount": 0,
            "Driver": "overlay2",
            "Platform": "linux",
            "MountLabel": "",
            "ProcessLabel": "",
            "AppArmorProfile": "",
            "ExecIDs": null,
            "HostConfig": { 
                "Binds": null,
                "ContainerIDFile": "",
                "LogConfig": { 
                    "Type": "json-file",
                    "Config": { }
                },
                "NetworkMode": "default",
                "PortBindings": { },
                "RestartPolicy": { 
                    "Name": "no",
                    "MaximumRetryCount": 0
                },
                "AutoRemove": false,
                "VolumeDriver": "",
                "VolumesFrom": null,
                "CapAdd": null,
                "CapDrop": null,
                "CgroupnsMode": "host",
                "Dns": [],
                "DnsOptions": [],
                "DnsSearch": [],
                "ExtraHosts": null,
                "GroupAdd": null,
                "IpcMode": "private",
                "Cgroup": "",
                "Links": null,
                "OomScoreAdj": 0,
                "PidMode": "",
                "Privileged": false,
                "PublishAllPorts": false,
                "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
                "SecurityOpt": null,
                "UTSMode": "",
                "UsernsMode": "",
                "ShmSize": 67108864,
                "Runtime": "runc",
                "ConsoleSize": [
                    0,
                    0
                ],
                "Isolation": "",
                "CpuShares": 0,
                "Memory": 0,
                "NanoCpus": 0,
                "CgroupParent": "",
                "BlkioWeight": 0,
                "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
                "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
                "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
                "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
                "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
                "CpuPeriod": 0,
                "CpuQuota": 0,
                "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
                "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
                "CpusetCpus": "",
                "CpusetMems": "",
                "Devices": [],
                "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
                "DeviceRequests": null,
                "KernelMemory": 0,
                "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
                "MemoryReservation": 0,
                "MemorySwap": 0,
                "MemorySwappiness": null,
                "OomKillDisable": false,
                "PidsLimit": null,
                "Ulimits": null,
                "CpuCount": 0,
                "CpuPercent": 0,
                "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
                "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
                "MaskedPaths": [
                    "/proc/asound",
                    "/proc/acpi",
                    "/proc/kcore",
                    "/proc/keys",
                    "/proc/latency_stats",
                    "/proc/timer_list",
                    "/proc/timer_stats",
                    "/proc/sched_debug",
                    "/proc/scsi",
                    "/sys/firmware"
                ],
                "ReadonlyPaths": [
                    "/proc/bus",
                    "/proc/fs",
                    "/proc/irq",
                    "/proc/sys",
                    "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
                ]
            },
            "GraphDriver": { 
                "Data": { 
                    "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9147486db252ebfc97b1e4374ea6ec96b2252b7b13428185c2f0712d7712a301-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9d0ea3e77c5d4b82a56a5805c6fc7d38358828adee53c2246986ac4554a1e7c8/diff",
                    "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9147486db252ebfc97b1e4374ea6ec96b2252b7b13428185c2f0712d7712a301/merged",
                    "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9147486db252ebfc97b1e4374ea6ec96b2252b7b13428185c2f0712d7712a301/diff",
                    "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9147486db252ebfc97b1e4374ea6ec96b2252b7b13428185c2f0712d7712a301/work"
                },
                "Name": "overlay2"
            },
            "Mounts": [],
            "Config": { 
                "Hostname": "0c5e8c2cbc78",
                "Domainname": "",
                "User": "",
                "AttachStdin": false,
                "AttachStdout": false,
                "AttachStderr": false,
                "Tty": false,
                "OpenStdin": false,
                "StdinOnce": false,
                "Env": [
                    "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
                ],
                "Cmd": [
                    "/bin/sh",
                    "-c",
                    "while true;do echo hello;sleep 2;done"
                ],
                "Image": "centos",
                "Volumes": null,
                "WorkingDir": "",
                "Entrypoint": null,
                "OnBuild": null,
                "Labels": { 
                    "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                    "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                    "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                    "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                    "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
                }
            },
            "NetworkSettings": { 
                "Bridge": "",
                "SandboxID": "27f9cf4957129d9a284f833bd2eba970a79dc156ffd94243baa93c3a4f2cccb5",
                "HairpinMode": false,
                "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
                "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                "Ports": { },
                "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/27f9cf495712",
                "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
                "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
                "EndpointID": "be87c7dba7acc5592bc24d52397af84f771199bb7ce74d275fcc09d6583bf99c",
                "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
                "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                "IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",
                "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                "IPv6Gateway": "",
                "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:02",
                "Networks": { 
                    "bridge": { 
                        "IPAMConfig": null,
                        "Links": null,
                        "Aliases": null,
                        "NetworkID": "47d5feac4216df79b7e8cf5f5f9e0193e43de12f3a751c80052e80164e76fc22",
                        "EndpointID": "be87c7dba7acc5592bc24d52397af84f771199bb7ce74d275fcc09d6583bf99c",
                        "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
                        "IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",
                        "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                        "IPv6Gateway": "",
                        "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                        "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                        "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:02",
                        "DriverOpts": null
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    ]

### 5. 进入正在运行的容器并以命令行交互 ###

进入容器进行交互，使用`docker attach`：

[root@VeejaAliYun ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
    d970bda1af09   centos    "/bin/bash"   20 seconds ago   Up 19 seconds             priceless_dirac
    [root@VeejaAliYun ~]# docker attach d970bda1af09
    [root@d970bda1af09 /]#

不进入容器，直接执行命令并获得结果，使用`docker exec`：  
我们可以看到，我们并没有进入该容器的shell中，但是也获得了正确的执行结果。

[root@VeejaAliYun ~]# docker exec -t d970bda1af09 ls -l /tmp
    total 8
    -rwx------ 1 root root 701 Dec  4 17:37 ks-script-esd4my7v
    -rwx------ 1 root root 671 Dec  4 17:37 ks-script-eusq_sc5
    [root@VeejaAliYun ~]#

我们也可以在后面加上/bin/bash，来进入容器：

[root@VeejaAliYun ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
    d970bda1af09   centos    "/bin/bash"   6 minutes ago   Up 6 minutes             priceless_dirac
    [root@VeejaAliYun ~]# docker exec -t d970bda1af09 /bin/bash
    [root@d970bda1af09 /]#

**attach：**  
直接进入容器启动命令的终端，不会启动新的进程  
**exec：**  
是在容器中打开新的终端，并且可以启动新的进程

### 6. 互从容器内考贝文件到主机上 ###

使用`docker cp`命令：

[root@VeejaAliYun ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
    d970bda1af09   centos    "/bin/bash"   14 minutes ago   Up 10 seconds                         priceless_dirac
    db296f17d2f2   centos    "/bin/bash"   49 minutes ago   Exited (0) 49 minutes ago             happy_shtern
    [root@VeejaAliYun ~]# docker cp d970bda1af09:/tmp /root
    [root@VeejaAliYun ~]# ls -l /root
    total 4
    drwxrwxrwt 7 root root 4096 Dec  5 01:37 tmp
    [root@VeejaAliYun ~]#

## 五、终极宝典 ##

最后，给一个从网上找到的神图：足以覆盖了所有的命令：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTQ1NjUxMjc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210119190240579.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTQ1NjUxMjc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

[20210119190358371.png]: /images/20221119/0876db07452e4dcd8045ce5c966170b1.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTQ1NjUxMjc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20221119/4d69e65508474be3ac65bbf5eab69d88.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTQ1NjUxMjc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20221119/84cc83d315374faa8d0508a5e0483756.png
[20210119190240579.png]: /images/20221119/b4dc8bc2c8b34c12be95b5e4b27161fc.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTQ1NjUxMjc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20221119/8b55d6d38acd438eb154b8371293072b.png