Linux CentOS7 使用 systemctl 添加服务，设置自启动

喜欢ヅ旅行 2023-01-04 14:34 351阅读 0赞

# Systemd 命令 systemctl #

`systemctl [命令] [程序].service` (.service可以省略不写)

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th align="left">任务</th> 
   <th align="left">systemctl 命令</th> 
   <th align="left">service 命令</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">启动服务</td> 
   <td align="left">systemctl start nginx.service</td> 
   <td align="left">service nginx start</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">停止服务</td> 
   <td align="left">systemctl stop nginx.service</td> 
   <td align="left">service nginx stop</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">重启服务</td> 
   <td align="left">systemctl restart nginx.service</td> 
   <td align="left">service nginx restart</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">重新加载<code>Unit</code>配置</td> 
   <td align="left">systemctl reload nginx.service</td> 
   <td align="left"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">重新加载<code>服务</code>配置<br>(修改了服务配置要刷新才能生效)</td> 
   <td align="left">systemctl daemon-reload nginx.service</td> 
   <td align="left"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">-</td> 
   <td align="left">-</td> 
   <td align="left">-</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">激活服务自启动</td> 
   <td align="left">systemctl enable nginx.service</td> 
   <td align="left">chkconfig --level 3 nginx on</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">停止服务自启动</td> 
   <td align="left">systemctl disable nginx.service</td> 
   <td align="left">chkconfig --level 3 nginx off</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">显示自启动开关状态</td> 
   <td align="left">systemctl is-enabled nginx.service</td> 
   <td align="left"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">列出所有服务并且检查是否开机启动</td> 
   <td align="left">systemctl list-unit-files --type=service</td> 
   <td align="left"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">-</td> 
   <td align="left">-</td> 
   <td align="left">-</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">显示服务状态详情</td> 
   <td align="left">systemctl status nginx.service</td> 
   <td align="left">service nginx status</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">显示服务状态（是否 Active)</td> 
   <td align="left">systemctl is-active nginx.service</td> 
   <td align="left">service nginx status</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">显示所有已启动的服务</td> 
   <td align="left">systemctl list-units --type=service</td> 
   <td align="left">chkconfig --list</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">显示所有失败的服务</td> 
   <td align="left">systemctl --failed</td> 
   <td align="left"></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">显示服务详情</td> 
   <td align="left">systemctl show nginx</td> 
   <td align="left"></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# Systemd 服务脚本 #

创建脚本

vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

写入内容：注意我`nginx`安装在`/usr/local/nginx`

[Unit]
    Description=nginx web server
    Documentation=http://nginx.org/en/docs/
    After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
     
    [Service] 
    Type=forking
    ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
    ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
    ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
    ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
    PrivateTmp=true
     
    [Install] 
    WantedBy=multi-user.target

`Service`区块定义如何启动当前服务

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th align="left">字段</th> 
   <th align="left">功能</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">Type</td> 
   <td align="left">启动类型</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">ExecStartPre</td> 
   <td align="left">启动服务之前执行的命令</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">ExecStart</td> 
   <td align="left">定义启动进程时执行的命令</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">ExecStartPost</td> 
   <td align="left">启动服务之后执行的命令</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">ExecStop</td> 
   <td align="left">停止服务时执行的命令</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">ExecStopPost</td> 
   <td align="left">停止服务之后执行的命令</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">ExecReload</td> 
   <td align="left">重启服务时执行的命令</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# 参考资料 #

[Systemd 入门教程：实战篇][Systemd]  
[systemd.service 中文手册][systemd.service]  
[systemd (简体中文)][systemd]  
[linux systemctl 命令][linux systemctl]

[Systemd]: http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2016/03/systemd-tutorial-part-two.html
[systemd.service]: http://www.jinbuguo.com/systemd/systemd.service.html
[systemd]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd_%28%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%29
[linux systemctl]: https://www.cnblogs.com/sparkdev/p/8472711.html