❤️virsh查看/管理虚拟机和virt-install 安装虚拟机

谁践踏了优雅 2023-01-03 12:46 550阅读 0赞

一、virsh常用命令

> \[root@kvm-server ~\]\# virsh --help                                     \#查看命令帮忙
> 
> \[root@kvm-server ~\]\# **virsh list**                                       \#显示正在运行的虚拟机
> 
> \[root@kvm-server ~\]\# **virsh list --all  **                            **  \#显示所有的虚拟机** (如果没有显示，可能需要切换到root权限下）
> 
> \[root@kvm-server ~\]\# **virsh startvm-node1**                             \#**启动**vm-node1虚拟机
> 
> \[root@kvm-server ~\]\# **virsh shutdownvm-node1**                         ** \#关闭vm-node1虚拟机**
> 
> \[root@kvm-server ~\]\# **virsh destroy** **vm-node1**                          \#虚拟机vm-node1强制断电
> 
> \[root@kvm-server ~\]\# **virsh suspend** **vm-node1**                           \#挂起vm-node1虚拟机
> 
> \[root@kvm-server ~\]\# **virsh resume** **vm-node1**                            \#恢复挂起的虚拟机
> 
> \[root@kvm-server ~\]\# **virsh undefine** **vm-node1**                          **\#删除虚拟机，慎用**
> 
> \[root@kvm-server ~\]\# **virsh dominfo** **vm-node1** ** **                         \#查看虚拟机的配置信息
> 
> \[root@kvm-server ~\]\# **virsh domiflist**  **vm-node1**                                \#查看网卡配置信息
> 
> \[root@kvm-server ~\]\# virsh domblklist vm-node1                        \#查看该虚拟机的磁盘位置
> 
> \[root@kvm-server ~\]\# virsh edit vm-node1                              \#修改vm-node1的xml配置文件
> 
> \[root@kvm-server ~\]\# virsh dumpxml vm-node1                           \#查看KVM虚拟机当前配置
> 
> \[root@kvm-server ~\]\# virsh dumpxml vm-node1 > vm-node1.bak.xml        \#备份vm-node1虚拟机的xml文件，原文件默认路径/etc/libvirt/qemu/vm-node1.xml
> 
> \[root@kvm-server ~\]\# virsh autostart vm-node1                         \#KVM物理机开机自启动虚拟机，配置后会在此目录生成配置文件/etc/libvirt/qemu/autostart/vm-node1.xml
> 
> \[root@kvm-server ~\]\# virsh autostart --disable vm-node1               \#取消开机自启动

> **virt-install --help**
> 
>   
> usage: virt-install --name NAME --memory MB STORAGE INSTALL \[options\]
> 
> **Create a new virtual machine from specified install media.**
> 
> optional arguments:  
>   -h, --help            show this help message and exit  
>   --version             show program's version number and exit  
>   --connect URI         Connect to hypervisor with libvirt URI
> 
> General Options:  
>   **-n NAME, \--name NAME  Name of the guest instance**  
>   **--memory** MEMORY       Configure guest memory allocation. Ex:  
>                         --memory 1024 (in MiB)  
>                         --memory 512,maxmemory=1024  
>                         --memory 512,maxmemory=1024,hotplugmemorymax=2048,hotplugmemoryslots=2  
> **  --vcpus** VCPUS         Number of vcpus to configure for your guest. Ex:  
>                         --vcpus 5  
>                         --vcpus 5,maxcpus=10,cpuset=1-4,6,8  
>                         --vcpus sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2,  
>   --cpu CPU             CPU model and features. Ex:  
>                         --cpu coreduo,+x2apic  
>                         --cpu host-passthrough  
>                         --cpu host  
>   --metadata METADATA   Configure guest metadata. Ex:  
>                         --metadata name=foo,title="My pretty title",uuid=...  
>                         --metadata description="My nice long description"
> 
> Installation Method Options:  
>   --cdrom CDROM         CD-ROM installation media  
>   -l LOCATION, --location LOCATION  
>                         Installation source (eg, nfs:host:/path,  
>                         http://host/path, ftp://host/path)  
>   --pxe                 Boot from the network using the PXE protocol  
>   --import              Build guest around an existing disk image  
>   --livecd              Treat the CD-ROM media as a Live CD  
>   -x EXTRA\_ARGS, --extra-args EXTRA\_ARGS  
>                         Additional arguments to pass to the install kernel  
>                         booted from --location  
>   --initrd-inject INITRD\_INJECT  
>                         Add given file to root of initrd from --location  
>   **--os-variant** **DISTRO\_VARIANT  
>                         The OS variant being installed guests, e.g.  
>                         'fedora18', 'rhel6', 'winxp', etc.**  
>   --boot BOOT           Configure guest boot settings. Ex:  
>                         --boot hd,cdrom,menu=on  
>                         --boot init=/sbin/init (for containers)  
>   --idmap IDMAP         Enable user namespace for LXC container. Ex:  
>                         --idmap uid\_start=0,uid\_target=1000,uid\_count=10
> 
> **Device Options:**  
>   **--disk DISK           Specify storage with various options. Ex.  
>                         --disk size=10 (new 10GiB image in default location)  
>                         --disk /my/existing/disk,cache=none  
>                         --disk device=cdrom,bus=scsi  
>                         --disk=?**  
>   -w NETWORK, **--network** NETWORK  
>                         **Configure a guest network interface. Ex**:  
>                         --network bridge=mybr0  
>                         --network network=my\_libvirt\_virtual\_net  
>                         **--network network=mynet,model=virtio,mac=00:11...**  
>                         --network none  
>                         --network help  
>   **--graphics** GRAPHICS   Configure guest display settings. Ex:  
>                         --graphics vnc  
>                         --graphics spice,port=5901,tlsport=5902  
>                         **--graphics none**  
>                         --graphics vnc,password=foobar,port=5910,keymap=ja  
>   --controller CONTROLLER  
>                         Configure a guest controller device. Ex:  
>                         --controller type=usb,model=ich9-ehci1  
>   --input INPUT         Configure a guest input device. Ex:  
>                         --input tablet  
>                         --input keyboard,bus=usb  
>   --serial SERIAL       Configure a guest serial device  
>   --parallel PARALLEL   Configure a guest parallel device  
>   --channel CHANNEL     Configure a guest communication channel  
>   --console CONSOLE     Configure a text console connection between the guest  
>                         and host  
> **  --hostdev HOSTDEV     Configure physical USB/PCI/etc host devices to be shared with the guest**  
>   --filesystem FILESYSTEM  
>                         Pass host directory to the guest. Ex:  
>                         --filesystem /my/source/dir,/dir/in/guest  
>                         --filesystem template\_name,/,type=template  
>   --sound \[SOUND\]       Configure guest sound device emulation  
>   --watchdog WATCHDOG   Configure a guest watchdog device  
>   --video VIDEO         Configure guest video hardware.  
>   --smartcard SMARTCARD  
>                         Configure a guest smartcard device. Ex:  
>                         --smartcard mode=passthrough  
>   --redirdev REDIRDEV   Configure a guest redirection device. Ex:  
>                         --redirdev usb,type=tcp,server=192.168.1.1:4000  
>   --memballoon MEMBALLOON  
>                         Configure a guest memballoon device. Ex:  
>                         --memballoon model=virtio  
>   --tpm TPM             Configure a guest TPM device. Ex:  
>                         --tpm /dev/tpm  
>   --rng RNG             Configure a guest RNG device. Ex:  
>                         --rng /dev/urandom  
>   --panic PANIC         Configure a guest panic device. Ex:  
>                         --panic default  
>   --memdev MEMDEV       Configure a guest memory device. Ex:  
>                         --memdev dimm,target\_size=1024
> 
> Guest Configuration Options:  
>   --security SECURITY   Set domain security driver configuration.  
>   --cputune CPUTUNE     Tune CPU parameters for the domain process.  
>   --numatune NUMATUNE   Tune NUMA policy for the domain process.  
>   --memtune MEMTUNE     Tune memory policy for the domain process.  
>   --blkiotune BLKIOTUNE  
>                         Tune blkio policy for the domain process.  
>   --memorybacking MEMORYBACKING  
>                         Set memory backing policy for the domain process. Ex:  
>                         --memorybacking hugepages=on  
>   --features FEATURES   Set domain <features> XML. Ex:  
>                         --features acpi=off  
>                         --features apic=on,eoi=on  
>   --clock CLOCK         Set domain <clock> XML. Ex:  
>                         --clock offset=localtime,rtc\_tickpolicy=catchup  
>   --pm PM               Configure VM power management features  
>   --events EVENTS       Configure VM lifecycle management policy  
>   --resource RESOURCE   Configure VM resource partitioning (cgroups)  
>   --sysinfo SYSINFO     Configure SMBIOS System Information. Ex:  
>                         --sysinfo emulate  
>                         --sysinfo host  
>                         --sysinfo bios\_vendor=Vendor\_Inc.,bios\_version=1.2.3-abc,...  
>                         --sysinfo system\_manufacturer=System\_Corp.,system\_product=Computer,...  
>                         --sysinfo baseBoard\_manufacturer=Baseboard\_Corp.,baseBoard\_product=Motherboard,...  
>   --qemu-commandline QEMU\_COMMANDLINE  
>                         Pass arguments directly to the qemu emulator. Ex:  
>                         --qemu-commandline='-display gtk,gl=on'  
>                         --qemu-commandline env=DISPLAY=:0.1
> 
> **Virtualization Platform Options:**  
>   -v, --hvm             This guest should be a fully virtualized guest  
>   -p, --paravirt        This guest should be a paravirtualized guest  
>   --container           This guest should be a container guest  
>   **--virt-type HV\_TYPE   Hypervisor name to use (kvm, qemu, xen, ...)**  
>   --arch ARCH           The CPU architecture to simulate  
>   --machine MACHINE     The machine type to emulate
> 
> Miscellaneous Options:  
>   --autostart           Have domain autostart on host boot up.  
>   --transient           Create a transient domain.  
>   --wait WAIT           Minutes to wait for install to complete.  
>   **--noautoconsole**       **Don't automatically try to connect to the guest console**  
>   --noreboot            Don't boot guest after completing install.  
>   --print-xml \[XMLONLY\]  
>                         Print the generated domain XML rather than create the  
>                         guest.  
>   --dry-run             Run through install process, but do not create devices  
>                         or define the guest.  
>   --check CHECK         Enable or disable validation checks. Example:  
>                         --check path\_in\_use=off  
>                         --check all=off  
>   -q, --quiet           Suppress non-error output  
>   -d, --debug           Print debugging information
> 
> Use '--option=?' or '--option help' to see available suboptions  
> See man page for examples and full option syntax.
> 
> **STORAGE OPTIONS**  
>        --disk OPTIONS  
>            Specifies media to use as storage for the guest, with various  
>            options. The general format of a disk string is
> 
>                **--disk opt1=val1,opt2=val2,...**
> 
>            The simplest invocation to create a new 10G disk image and  
>            associated disk device:
> 
>                --disk size=10
> 
>            virt-install will generate a path name, and place it in the default  
>            image location for the hypervisor. To specify media, the command  
>            can either be:
> 
>                --disk /some/storage/path\[,opt1=val1\]...
> 
>            or explicitly specify one of the following arguments:
> 
>            path  
>                A path to some storage media to use, existing or not. Existing  
>                media can be a file or block device.
> 
>                Specifying a non-existent path implies attempting to create the  
>                new storage, and will require specifying a 'size' value. Even  
>                for remote hosts, virt-install will try to use libvirt storage  
>                APIs to automatically create the given path.
> 
>                If the hypervisor supports it, path can also be a network URL,  
>                like https://example.com/some-disk.img . For network paths,  
>                they hypervisor will directly access the storage, nothing is  
>                downloaded locally.
> 
>            pool  
>                An existing libvirt storage pool name to create new storage on.  
>                Requires specifying a 'size' value.
> 
>           vol An existing libvirt storage volume to use. This is specified as  
>                'poolname/volname'.
> 
>            Options that apply to storage creation:
> 
>            size  
>                size (in GiB) to use if creating new storage
> 
>            sparse  
>                whether to skip fully allocating newly created storage. Value  
>                is 'yes' or 'no'. Default is 'yes' (do not fully allocate)  
>                unless it isn't supported by the underlying storage type.
> 
>                The initial time taken to fully-allocate the guest virtual disk  
>                (sparse=no) will be usually balanced by faster install times  
>                inside the guest. Thus use of this option is recommended to  
>                ensure consistently high performance and to avoid I/O errors in  
>                the guest should the host filesystem fill up.
> 
>            format  
>                Disk image format. For file volumes, this can be 'raw',  
>                'qcow2', 'vmdk', etc. See format types in  
>                <https://libvirt.org/storage.html> for possible values. This is  
>                often mapped to the driver\_type value as well.
> 
>                If not specified when creating file images, this will default  
>                to 'qcow2'.
> 
>                If creating storage, this will be the format of the new image.  
>                If using an existing image, this overrides libvirt's format  
>                auto-detection.  
>  
> 
>         backing\_store  
>                Path to a disk to use as the backing store for the newly  
>                created image.
> 
>            backing\_format  
>                Disk image format of backing\_store
> 
>            Some example device configuration suboptions:
> 
>            **device**  
>                **Disk device type. Example values are be 'cdrom', 'disk', 'lun'  
>                or 'floppy'. The default is 'disk'.**
> 
>            boot.order  
>                Guest installation with multiple disks will need this parameter  
>                to boot correctly after being installed. A boot.order parameter  
>                will take values 1,2,3,... Devices with lower value has higher  
>                priority.  This option applies to other bootable device types  
>                as well.
> 
>            target.bus or bus  
>                Disk bus type. Example values are be 'ide', 'sata', 'scsi',  
>                'usb', 'virtio' or 'xen'.  The default is hypervisor dependent  
>                since not all hypervisors support all bus types.
> 
>            readonly  
>                Set drive as readonly (takes 'on' or 'off')
> 
>            shareable  
>                Set drive as shareable (takes 'on' or 'off')  
>  
> 
>   
>