mysql自学之路-01（在linux系统安装mysql8）

忘是亡心i 2022-12-30 14:55 118阅读 0赞

1. 进入/opt目录: cd /opt

下载tar包：

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64.tar.gz

2.在opt目录下创建mysql目录：mkdir mysql

解压: tar -zxvf mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64.tar.gz -C mysql  得到mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64

3.重命名: mv mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64 mysql8

4.创建文件夹data,存储文件

cd /opt/mysql/mysql8/  
mkdir ./data

5.创建用户及用户组

\# 用户组  
groupadd mysql  
\# 用户 （用户名/密码）  
useradd -g mysql mysql

6.授权

chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql8.0/ \# 亲测  
或  
chown -R mysql .  
chgrp -R mysql .

7.初始化数据库

\# 查看当前所在目录  
pwd

\# 若显示/opt/mysql/mysql8,请继续执行，否则请先进入此目录/opt/mysql/mysql8

8.初始化 注意查看是否存在相关目录,若不存在,请新建  
./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql/mysql8/ --datadir=/opt/mysql/mysql8/data/ --initialize

9.Mysql配置:  vi /etc/my.cnf

[client]
    
    port=3306
    
    socket=/opt/mysql/mysql8/mysql.sock
    [mysqld]
    port=3306
    
    user=mysql
    
    socket=/opt/mysql/mysql8/mysql.sock
    
    basedir=/opt/mysql/mysql8
    
    datadir=/opt/mysql/mysql8/data
    
    log-error=error.log
    
    # lc-messages-dir=/usr/share/mysql/english
    # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
    symbolic-links=0
    # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
    # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
    # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
    # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
    
    [mysqld_safe]
    # log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
    # pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
    
    #
    # include all files from the config directory
    #
    !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

10. 建立MySQL服务（注意当前路径应该在mysql8.0,即support-files的根目录）

\# 添加Mysql到系统服务  
cp -a ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql \# 若mysqld，以下mysql相应的修改mysqld,如下图所示

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L29zY2hpbmFfNDExNDA2ODM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]  
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql  
chkconfig --add mysql  
\# 检查服务是否生效  
chkconfig --list mysql

11.启动Mysql服务

1.  \# 启动: service mysql start;
2.  \# 查看启动状态:service mysql status;
3.  ln -s /usr/local/mysql/mysql8.0/bin/mysql /usr/bin

![20190505183643426.png][]

12.登陆Mysql:(登录后只能先修改密码)

\# 登陆:mysql -uroot -p

13.克隆当前窗口，查找初始密码

cd /opt/mysql/mysql8/data/

cat error.log

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTIwNDUwNDU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L29zY2hpbmFfNDExNDA2ODM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][] 14.修改密码：

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '新密码';

15.授权 root 用户的所有权限并设置远程访问

关键的三个命令：  
> mysql>CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '新密码'; //这个操作是mysql 8.0中得加的  
> mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON \*.\* TO 'root'@'%'WITH GRANT OPTION; //任何远程主机都可以访问数据库   
> mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; //需要输入次命令使修改生效

16.远程登陆

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTIwNDUwNDU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

17.发现登陆有问题，是服务器防火墙的问题:

## 解决无法远程连接CentOS8上的MySQL8数据库方法 ##

**方法一：在防火墙设置中手动添加端口号**  
1.查看CentOS的防火墙状态：(active表示已开启)

systemctl status firewalld.service

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1JhemVyRmFuMTAw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]  
说明：如果关闭防火墙，则直接可以远程连接，但是出于安全考虑不建议关闭防火墙。

2.查看当前防火墙所有开放的端口

firewall-cmd --list-ports

3.添加mysql端口（mySQL默认端口号3306）  
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200907164610133.png_pic_center]  
4.重启防火墙  
systemctl restart firewalld.service

5.再次查看所有开放的端口  
firewall-cmd --list-ports  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200907164741207.png_pic_center]

**方法一：关闭防火墙**

**systemctl stop firewalld.service**

**systemctl status firewalld.service**

**18.此时即可发现可以远程登录了**

**19.其他问题，我在设置远程登录设置的时候，误将密码设置成了root，即：**CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';

但是实际我的密码是123456，而CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';的意思就是我远程登录的时候密码必须是root才能可以登录，但我就是想设置为123456，该怎么办呢？

解决方法：

mysql> alter USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON \*.\* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION ;  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

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[20190505183643426.png]: /images/20221120/de3d6882fa8c44ed927dec6e0d5ffbc6.png
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[20200907164610133.png_pic_center]: /images/20221120/d79c9505867f4bcd8b94d0008305d1cd.png
[20200907164741207.png_pic_center]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200907164741207.png#pic_center