打印调用堆栈

Dear 丶 2022-12-29 09:59 214阅读 0赞

ava里面可以使用Throwable类来获取堆栈，示例代码如下：

**\[java\]** [ view plain][view plain] [copy][view plain]

1.  **package** name.xu; 
2.  **public****class** CallStack \{ 
3.  **public****static****void** printCallStatck() \{ 
4.   Throwable ex = **new** Throwable(); 
5.   StackTraceElement\[\] stackElements = ex.getStackTrace(); 
6.  **if** (stackElements != **null**) \{ 
7.  **for** (**int** i = 0; i < stackElements.length; i++) \{ 
8.   System.out.print(stackElements\[i\].getClassName()+"/t"); 
9.   System.out.print(stackElements\[i\].getFileName()+"/t"); 
10.  System.out.print(stackElements\[i\].getLineNumber()+"/t"); 
11.  System.out.println(stackElements\[i\].getMethodName()); 
12.  System.out.println("-----------------------------------"); 
13.  \} 
14.  \} 
15.  \} 
16. 
17. \}

C\#里面使用与java类似的方法，示例代码如下：

**\[c-sharp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  **using** System; 
2.  **using** System.Collections.Generic; 
3.  **using** System.Linq; 
4.  **using** System.Text; 
5.  **using** System.Diagnostics; 
6.  **namespace** TestProjectCSharp 
7.  \{ 
8.  **class** CallStack 
9.   \{ 
10. **public****static****void** printCallStack() 
11.  \{ 
12.  StackTrace ss = **new** StackTrace(**true**); 
13.  String flName = ss.GetFrame(1).GetFileName();// GetMethod().DeclaringType; 
14. **int** lineNo = ss.GetFrame(1).GetFileLineNumber(); 
15.  String methodName = ss.GetFrame(1).GetMethod().Name; 
16.  Console.WriteLine(flName+"---"\+lineNo+"---"\+methodName); 
17.  \} 
18.  \} 
19. \}

c里面获取堆栈跟系统有关（主要是获取函数名称不一致，获取地址是一致的），

linux下使用backtrace和backtrace\_symbols函数，示例代码如下：（编译方法：gcc -o funstack -rdynamic -ldl funstack.c）

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  //funstack.c
2.  \#define \_GNU\_SOURCE
3.  \#include <memory.h>
4.  \#include <stdlib.h>
5.  \#include <stdio.h>
6.  \#include <signal.h>
7.  \#include <ucontext.h>
8.  \#include <dlfcn.h>
9.  \#include <execinfo.h>
10. \#if defined(REG\_RIP)
11. \# define SIGSEGV\_STACK\_IA64
12. \# define REGFORMAT "%016lx"
13. \#elif defined(REG\_EIP)
14. \# define SIGSEGV\_STACK\_X86
15. \# define REGFORMAT "%08x"
16. \#else
17. \# define SIGSEGV\_STACK\_GENERIC
18. \# define REGFORMAT "%x"
19. \#endif
20. **static****void** signal\_segv(**int** signum, siginfo\_t\* info, **void**\*ptr) \{ 
21. **static****const****char** \*si\_codes\[3\] = \{ "", "SEGV\_MAPERR", "SEGV\_ACCERR"\}; 
22. **size\_t** i; 
23.  ucontext\_t \*ucontext = (ucontext\_t\*)ptr; 
24. \#if defined(SIGSEGV\_STACK\_X86) || defined(SIGSEGV\_STACK\_IA64)
25. **int** f = 0; 
26.  Dl\_info dlinfo; 
27. **void** \*\*bp = 0; 
28. **void** \*ip = 0; 
29. \#else
30. **void** \*bt\[20\]; 
31. **char** \*\*strings; 
32. **size\_t** sz; 
33. \#endif
34. \#if defined(SIGSEGV\_STACK\_X86) || defined(SIGSEGV\_STACK\_IA64)
35. \# if defined(SIGSEGV\_STACK\_IA64)
36.  ip = (**void**\*)ucontext->uc\_mcontext.gregs\[REG\_RIP\]; 
37.  bp = (**void**\*\*)ucontext->uc\_mcontext.gregs\[REG\_RBP\]; 
38. \# elif defined(SIGSEGV\_STACK\_X86)
39.  ip = (**void**\*)ucontext->uc\_mcontext.gregs\[REG\_EIP\]; 
40.  bp = (**void**\*\*)ucontext->uc\_mcontext.gregs\[REG\_EBP\]; 
41. \# endif
42.  fprintf(stderr, "Stack trace:/n"); 
43. **while**(bp && ip) \{ 
44. **if**(!dladdr(ip, &dlinfo)) 
45. **break**; 
46. **const****char** \*symname = dlinfo.dli\_sname; 
47.  fprintf(stderr, "% 2d: %p %s+%u (%s)/n", 
48.  \++f, 
49.  ip, 
50.  symname, 
51.  (unsigned)(ip - dlinfo.dli\_saddr), 
52.  dlinfo.dli\_fname); 
53. **if**(dlinfo.dli\_sname && !strcmp(dlinfo.dli\_sname, "main")) 
54. **break**; 
55.  ip = bp\[1\]; 
56.  bp = (**void**\*\*)bp\[0\]; 
57.  \} 
58. \#else
59.  fprintf(stderr, "Stack trace (non-dedicated):/n"); 
60.  sz = backtrace(bt, 20); 
61.  strings = backtrace\_symbols(bt, sz); 
62. **for**(i = 0; i < sz; ++i) 
63.  fprintf(stderr, "%s/n", strings\[i\]); 
64. \#endif
65.  fprintf(stderr, "End of stack trace/n"); 
66. **return**; 
67. \} 
68. **int** setup\_sigsegv() \{ 
69. **struct** sigaction action; 
70.  memset(&action, 0, **sizeof**(action)); 
71.  action.sa\_sigaction = signal\_segv; 
72.  action.sa\_flags = SA\_SIGINFO; 
73. **if**(sigaction(SIGUSR1, &action, NULL) < 0) \{ 
74.  perror("sigaction"); 
75. **return** 0; 
76.  \} 
77. **return** 1; 
78. \} 
79. 
80. **void** func1() 
81. \{ 
82.  raise(SIGUSR1); 
83. **return** ; 
84. \} 
85. **void** func2() 
86. \{ 
87.  raise(SIGUSR1); 
88. **return** ; 
89. \} 
90. **void** entry() 
91. \{ 
92.  func1(); 
93.  func2(); 
94. **return**; 
95. \} 
96. **int** main() 
97. \{ 
98.  setup\_sigsegv(); 
99.  entry(); 
100. \}

windows下使用GetThreadContext ，StackWalk，SymGetOptions ，SymFunctionTableAccess，示例代码如下：

**\[cpp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  \#include "SimpleSymbolEngine.h"
2.  \#include <windows.h>
3.  \#include <psapi.h>
4.  \#include <iostream>
5.  \#include <sstream>
6.  \#include <cstddef>
7.  \#include <dbghelp.h>
8.  \#pragma comment( lib, "dbghelp" )
9.  **static****char****const** szRCSID\[\] = "$Id: SimpleSymbolEngine.cpp,v 1.4 2005/05/04 21:52:05 Eleanor Exp $"; 
10. //
11. // Singleton for the engine (SymInitialize doesn't support multiple calls)
12. SimpleSymbolEngine& SimpleSymbolEngine::instance() 
13. \{ 
14. **static** SimpleSymbolEngine theEngine; 
15. **return** theEngine; 
16. \} 
17. /
18. SimpleSymbolEngine::SimpleSymbolEngine() 
19. \{ 
20.  hProcess = GetCurrentProcess(); 
21. **DWORD** dwOpts = SymGetOptions(); 
22.  dwOpts |= SYMOPT\_LOAD\_LINES | SYMOPT\_DEFERRED\_LOADS; 
23.  SymSetOptions ( dwOpts ); 
24.  ::SymInitialize( hProcess, 0, **true** ); 
25. \} 
26. /
27. SimpleSymbolEngine::~SimpleSymbolEngine() 
28. \{ 
29.  ::SymCleanup( hProcess ); 
30. \} 
31. /
32. std::string SimpleSymbolEngine::addressToString( **PVOID** address ) 
33. \{ 
34.  std::ostringstream oss; 
35. // First the raw address
36.  oss << "0x" << address; 
37. // Then any name for the symbol
38. **struct** tagSymInfo 
39.  \{ 
40.  IMAGEHLP\_SYMBOL symInfo; 
41. **char** nameBuffer\[ 4 \* 256 \]; 
42.  \} SymInfo = \{ \{ **sizeof**( IMAGEHLP\_SYMBOL ) \} \}; 
43.  IMAGEHLP\_SYMBOL \* pSym = &SymInfo.symInfo; 
44.  pSym->MaxNameLength = **sizeof**( SymInfo ) - offsetof( tagSymInfo, symInfo.Name ); 
45. **DWORD** dwDisplacement; 
46. **if** ( SymGetSymFromAddr( hProcess, (**DWORD**)address, &dwDisplacement, pSym) ) 
47.  \{ 
48.  oss << " " << pSym->Name; 
49. **if** ( dwDisplacement != 0 ) 
50.  oss << "+0x" << std::hex << dwDisplacement << std::dec; 
51.  \} 
52. 
53. // Finally any file/line number
54.  IMAGEHLP\_LINE lineInfo = \{ **sizeof**( IMAGEHLP\_LINE ) \}; 
55. **if** ( SymGetLineFromAddr( hProcess, (**DWORD**)address, &dwDisplacement, &lineInfo ) ) 
56.  \{ 
57. **char****const** \*pDelim = strrchr( lineInfo.FileName, '//' ); 
58.  oss << " at " << ( pDelim ? pDelim + 1 : lineInfo.FileName ) << "(" << lineInfo.LineNumber << ")"; 
59.  \} 
60. **return** oss.str(); 
61. \} 
62. /
63. // StackTrace: try to trace the stack to the given output
64. **void** SimpleSymbolEngine::StackTrace( PCONTEXT pContext, std::ostream & os ) 
65. \{ 
66.  os << " Frame Code address/n"; 
67.  STACKFRAME stackFrame = \{0\}; 
68.  stackFrame.AddrPC.Offset = pContext->Eip; 
69.  stackFrame.AddrPC.Mode = AddrModeFlat; 
70.  stackFrame.AddrFrame.Offset = pContext->Ebp; 
71.  stackFrame.AddrFrame.Mode = AddrModeFlat; 
72.  stackFrame.AddrStack.Offset = pContext->Esp; 
73.  stackFrame.AddrStack.Mode = AddrModeFlat; 
74. **while** ( ::StackWalk( 
75.  IMAGE\_FILE\_MACHINE\_I386, 
76.  hProcess, 
77.  GetCurrentThread(), // this value doesn't matter much if previous one is a real handle
78.  &stackFrame, 
79.  pContext, 
80.  NULL, 
81.  ::SymFunctionTableAccess, 
82.  ::SymGetModuleBase, 
83.  NULL ) ) 
84.  \{ 
85.  os << " 0x" << (**PVOID**) stackFrame.AddrFrame.Offset << " " << addressToString( (**PVOID**)stackFrame.AddrPC.Offset ) << "/n"; 
86.  \} 
87.  os.flush(); 
88. \}

完整的代码到http://www.howzatt.demon.co.uk/articles/SimpleSymbolEngine.zip下载。[http://www.codeproject.com/KB/threads/StackWalker.aspx][http_www.codeproject.com_KB_threads_StackWalker.aspx]里面也有例子。

参考：

[http://www.diybl.com/course/3\_program/java/javashl/2008119/96739.html][http_www.diybl.com_course_3_program_java_javashl_2008119_96739.html]

[http://topic.csdn.net/u/20090618/11/7c19832a-975e-4be6-987b-e61d789b31b5.html][http_topic.csdn.net_u_20090618_11_7c19832a-975e-4be6-987b-e61d789b31b5.html]

[http://bbs3.chinaunix.net/viewthread.php?tid=950357&extra=&page=2][http_bbs3.chinaunix.net_viewthread.php_tid_950357_extra_page_2]

[http://www.codeproject.com/KB/threads/StackWalker.aspx][http_www.codeproject.com_KB_threads_StackWalker.aspx]

[http://topic.csdn.net/u/20070515/21/fc3ebc11-b871-4761-90ae-3c6ddc7b4248.html][http_topic.csdn.net_u_20070515_21_fc3ebc11-b871-4761-90ae-3c6ddc7b4248.html]

[http://www.diybl.com/course/3\_program/c++/cppjs/20090403/163752\_2.html][http_www.diybl.com_course_3_program_c_cppjs_20090403_163752_2.html]

[http://accu.org/index.php/journals/276][http_accu.org_index.php_journals_276]

[http://blog.thepimp.net/archives/how-to-generate-backtraces-on-windows-without-compiler.html][http_blog.thepimp.net_archives_how-to-generate-backtraces-on-windows-without-compiler.html]

[view plain]: http://blog.csdn.net/chief1985/article/details/4618492#
[http_www.codeproject.com_KB_threads_StackWalker.aspx]: http://www.codeproject.com/KB/threads/StackWalker.aspx
[http_www.diybl.com_course_3_program_java_javashl_2008119_96739.html]: http://www.diybl.com/course/3_program/java/javashl/2008119/96739.html
[http_topic.csdn.net_u_20090618_11_7c19832a-975e-4be6-987b-e61d789b31b5.html]: http://topic.csdn.net/u/20090618/11/7c19832a-975e-4be6-987b-e61d789b31b5.html
[http_bbs3.chinaunix.net_viewthread.php_tid_950357_extra_page_2]: http://bbs3.chinaunix.net/viewthread.php?tid=950357&extra=&page=2
[http_topic.csdn.net_u_20070515_21_fc3ebc11-b871-4761-90ae-3c6ddc7b4248.html]: http://topic.csdn.net/u/20070515/21/fc3ebc11-b871-4761-90ae-3c6ddc7b4248.html
[http_www.diybl.com_course_3_program_c_cppjs_20090403_163752_2.html]: http://www.diybl.com/course/3_program/c++/cppjs/20090403/163752_2.html
[http_accu.org_index.php_journals_276]: http://accu.org/index.php/journals/276
[http_blog.thepimp.net_archives_how-to-generate-backtraces-on-windows-without-compiler.html]: http://blog.thepimp.net/archives/how-to-generate-backtraces-on-windows-without-compiler.html