搭建OpenStack AllInOne的沙箱模拟环境

亦凉 2022-12-20 06:11 337阅读 0赞

本文介绍Windows安装 VirtualBox，并创建Ubuntu-Server 12.04 x86\_64虚拟机，再在Ubuntu虚拟机中构建一个OpenStack Essex AllInOne的沙箱模拟环境。  
  
  
（一）物理主机设置  
启用物理主机CPU的VT支持：BIOS Setup Utility Config ==> CPU ==> Intel(R) Virtualization Technology ==> 设置为 Enabled  
（二）安装虚拟机软件  
选择Oracle VirtualBox,下载地址 http://dlc.sun.com.edgesuite.net/virtualbox/4.2.16/VirtualBox-4.2.16-86992-Win.exe  
（三）配置虚拟机软件  
设置-系统-处理器 扩展特性启用PAE/NX  
设置-系统-硬件加速 启用VT-x/AMD-V 启用嵌套分页  
  
  
管理-全局网络 创建两个HostOnly接口分别用于OpenStack公有网和私有网  
\# Public Network vboxnet0 (172.16.0.0/16)  
VBoxManage hostonlyif create  
VBoxManage hostonlyif ipconfig vboxnet0 --ip 172.16.0.254 --netmask 255.255.0.0  
  
  
\# Private Network vboxnet1 (10.0.0.0/8)  
VBoxManage hostonlyif create  
VBoxManage hostonlyif ipconfig vboxnet1 --ip 10.0.0.254 --netmask 255.0.0.0  
  
  
虚拟机网络 设置启用三张网卡  
网卡1 桥接网卡，用于主机和虚拟机通信，并可以接入Internet  
网卡2 仅主机（Host-Only）适配器，对应全局网络的OpenStack公有网  
网卡3 仅主机（Host-Only）适配器，对应全局网络的OpenStack私有网  
（四）创建Ubuntu-Server 12.04 x86\_64虚拟机,ISO介质下载地址  
http://mirror.umd.edu/ubuntu-iso/12.04/ubuntu-12.04-server-amd64.iso  
对于32位操作系统，建议只创建1GB虚拟内存  
（五）配置主机域名及虚拟机网络  
$sudo vim /etc/hosts  
192.168.0.104 mgmt1.openstack.org  
$sudo vim /etc/hostname  
mgmt1.openstack.org  
  
  
/etc/network/interfaces 对应如下：  
\# The loopback network interface  
auto lo  
iface lo inet loopback  
  
  
\# The primary network interface  
auto eth0  
iface eth0 inet static  
pre-up ifconfig eth0  
address 192.168.0.104  
netmask 255.255.255.0  
network 192.168.0.0  
broadcast 192.168.0.255  
getway 192.168.0.1  
  
  
\# Public Interface   
auto eth1  
iface eth1 inet static  
address 172.16.0.1  
netmask 255.255.0.0  
network 172.16.0.0  
broadcast 172.16.255.255  
  
  
\# Private Interface  
auto eth2  
iface eth2 inet manual  
up ifconfig eth2 up  
  
  
/etc/resolv.conf 对应如下：  
nameserver 202.96.134.33 (以本机所处网络广东电信SP为例)  
nameserver 202.96.128.86  
注：如果发现每次重启后DNS都会消失需要重新配置，可在/etc/rc.local文件追加以下内容：  
echo "nameserver 202.96.128.33" >>/etc/resolv.conf  
echo "nameserver 202.96.134.86" >>/etc/resolv.conf  
重启网络使之生效  
$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart  
（六）创建用户  
创建用户openstack 密码openstack, 并指定加入sudo组  
$ sudo addgroup openstack -gid 1001  
$ sudo useradd openstack -g openstack -G openstack,sudo -m -s /bin/bash  
$ sudo passwd openstack --输入密码openstack  
（七）安装OpenStack Essex必要组件  
$ sudo apt-get -y install rabbitmq-server nova-api nova-objectstore nova-scheduler nova-network nova-compute nova-cert glance qemu unzip  
（八）安装配置NTP  
$ sudo apt-get -y install ntp  
$ sudo vi /etc/ntp.conf  
替换所有内容如下：  
\# Replace ntp.ubuntu.com with an NTP server on your network  
server ntp.ubuntu.com  
server 127.127.1.0  
fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10  
重启NTP  
$ sudo service ntp restart  
（九）安装配置MySQL数据库(root用户)  
\# cat <<MYSQL\_PRESEED | debconf-set-selections  
> mysql-server-5.1 mysql-server/root\_password password openstack  
> mysql-server-5.1 mysql-server/root\_password\_again password openstack  
> mysql-server-5.1 mysql-server/start\_on\_boot boolean true  
> MYSQL\_PRESEED  
安装数据库，并使其可以对外访问  
\# apt-get update  
\# apt-get -y install mysql-server  
\# sed -i 's/127.0.0.1/0.0.0.0/g' /etc/mysql/my.cnf  
\# service mysql restart  
创建nova数据库，并修改口令密码  
\# MYSQL\_PASS=openstack  
\# mysql -uroot -p$MYSQL\_PASS -e 'CREATE DATABASE nova;'  
\# mysql -uroot -p$MYSQL\_PASS -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.\* TO 'nova'@'%'"  
\# mysql -uroot -p$MYSQL\_PASS -e "SET PASSWORD FOR 'nova'@'%' =  PASSWORD('$MYSQL\_PASS');"  
修改nova配置文件  
\# mv /etc/nova/nova.conf /etc/nova/nova.conf.sav  
\# touch /etc/nova/nova.conf  
\# vi /etc/nova/nova.conf  
内容如下：  
\--dhcpbridge\_flagfile=/etc/nova/nova.conf  
\--dhcpbridge=/usr/bin/nova-dhcpbridge  
\--logdir=/var/log/nova  
\--state\_path=/var/lib/nova  
\--lock\_path=/var/lock/nova  
\--force\_dhcp\_release  
\--iscsi\_helper=tgtadm  
\--libvirt\_use\_virtio\_for\_bridges  
\--connection\_type=libvirt  
\--root\_helper=sudo nova-rootwrap  
\--ec2\_private\_dns\_show\_ip  
\--sql\_connection=mysql://nova:openstack@172.16.0.1/nova  
\--use\_deprecated\_auth  
\--s3\_host=172.16.0.1  
\--rabbit\_host=172.16.0.1  
\--ec2\_host=172.16.0.1  
\--ec2\_dmz\_host=172.16.0.1  
\--public\_interface=eth1  
\--image\_service=nova.image.glance.GlanceImageService  
\--glance\_api\_servers=172.16.0.1:9292  
\--auto\_assign\_floating\_ip=true  
\--scheduler\_default\_filters=AllHostsFilter  
修改虚拟软件  
\# vi /etc/nova/nova-compute.conf  
修改为  
\--libvirt\_type=qemu  
更新数据库表初始化数据  
\# sudo nova-manage db sync  
建立OpenStack计算实例私有网络  
\# sudo nova-manage network create vmnet --fixed\_range\_v4=10.0.0.0/8 --network\_size=64 --bridge\_interface=eth2  
建立OpenStack计算实例公有网络  
\# sudo nova-manage floating create --ip\_range=172.16.1.0/24  
（十）重启OpenStack(root用户)  
\#stop nova-compute  
\#stop nova-network  
\#stop nova-api  
\#stop nova-scheduler  
\#stop nova-objectstore  
\#stop nova-cert  
\#stop libvirt-bin  
\#stop glance-registry  
\#stop glance-api  
  
  
\#sudo start nova-compute  
\#sudo start nova-network  
\#sudo start nova-api  
\#sudo start nova-scheduler  
\#sudo start nova-objectstore  
\#sudo start nova-cert  
\#sudo start libvirt-bin  
\#sudo start glance-registry  
\#sudo start glance-api  
（十一）创建OpenStack用户、角色、项目  
\#sudo nova-manage user admin openstack  
\#sudo nova-manage role add openstack cloudadmin  
\#sudo nova-manage project create cookbook openstack  
打包OpenStack项目相关凭证文件  
\#sudo nova-manage project zipfile cookbook openstack  
(十二)安装相关命令行工具  
\#sudo apt-get install euca2ools python-novaclient unzip  
（十三）在宿主机配置OpenStack项目  
将OpenStack项目相关凭证文件放到openstack用户主目录  
\#sudo cp nova.zip /home/openstack  
切换openstack用户  
\#su openstack  
解压OpenStack项目相关凭证文件  
$unzip nova.zip  
建立环境变量  
$. novarc  
$ vim /home/openstack/.bashrc  
增加下列内容：  
cd /home/openstack  
. novarc  
env  
退出保存，并用source激活.bashrc  
增加权限  
$euca-add-keypair openstack > openstack.pem  
$chmod 0600 \*.pem  
(十四)下载与安装VM镜像  
Ubuntu-Server 12.04 x86 镜像下载地址  
http://uec-images.ubuntu.com/releases/precise/release-20130603/ubuntu-12.04-server-cloudimg-i386.tar.gz  
利用SecureCRT工具的SFTP上传  
sftp>put D:/Download/ubuntu-12.04-server-cloudimg-i386.tar.gz  
安装cloud-utils  
$sudo apt-get -y install cloud-utils  
发布VM  
$cloud-publish-tarball ubuntu-12.04-server-cloudimg-i386.tar.gz images i386  
验证VM发布状态  
$euca-describe-images  
当ami-\*\*\*\*显示为available时，即表示发布成功，如图所示：  
[![搭建OpenStack <wbr>AllInOne的沙箱模拟环境][OpenStack_wbr_AllInOne]][OpenStack_wbr_AllInOne_OpenStack_wbr_AllInOne]  
  
或者$nova image-list  
当nova镜像为ACTIVE时，即表示发布成功，如图所示：  
[![搭建OpenStack <wbr>AllInOne的沙箱模拟环境][OpenStack_wbr_AllInOne 1]][OpenStack_wbr_AllInOne_OpenStack_wbr_AllInOne 1]  
  
  
允许SSH连接  
$euca-authorize default -P tcp -p 22 -s 0.0.0.0/0  
允许Ping  
$euca-authorize default -P icmp -t -1:-1  
重启虚拟机  
$sudo reboot  
(十五)启动VM  
$nova flavor-list  
选择VM类型，这里选择微型tiny,对应flavor=1  
使用euca2ools创建并启动实例，其中ami-00000002为euca-describe-images显示的镜像ID  
$euca-run-instances ami-00000002 -t m1.tiny -k openstack  
  
  
使用Nova Client tools创建并启动实例，其中a9d5a570-3f8e-40fc-9f65-8892dd5f0444为nova image-list显示的images/precise-server-cloudimg-i386.img的ID  
$nova boot myInstance --image a9d5a570-3f8e-40fc-9f65-8892dd5f0444 --flavor 1 --key\_name openstack   
  
  
使用euca-describe-instances与nova list命令监控启动情况，当VM变成running状态时，再使用pstree命令检查libvirtd是否以\{qemu-system-x86\}方式启动，并尝试ping 172.16.1.1。若无法ping通，nova reboot a9d5a570-3f8e-40fc-9f65-8892dd5f0444 重新启动虚拟机实例，并再次重复该步骤，持续验证观察！  
  
  
使用密钥文件用ssh建立连接  
$ssh -i openstack.pem ubuntu@172.16.1.1  
如果公网IP172.16.1.1可以ping通，而且可以使用ssh连接，那么说明VM已经建立好了  
(十六)删除VM实例  
$euca-describe-instances  
$euca-terminate-instances i-00000002  
其中i-00000002为实例ID  
$nova list  
$nova delete myInstance  
其中myInstance为实例名称  
  
  
  
  
Nova 详细命令参考：  
http://docs.openstack.org/essex/openstack-compute/starter/content/Nova\_Commands-d1e2589.html

[OpenStack_wbr_AllInOne]: http://s4.sinaimg.cn/mw690/7ea3d46fgx6CjvI2Aana3&690
[OpenStack_wbr_AllInOne_OpenStack_wbr_AllInOne]: /images/20221120/ec3045ae15b94bb8abbe80526fd6c019.png
[OpenStack_wbr_AllInOne 1]: http://s12.sinaimg.cn/mw690/7ea3d46fgx6CjvMinWjcb&690
[OpenStack_wbr_AllInOne_OpenStack_wbr_AllInOne 1]: /images/20221120/6109fa83624e4347b6291e57e5eb7850.png