【英语六级】【仔细阅读】（3）

àì夳堔傛蜴生んèń 2022-12-02 04:09 323阅读 0赞

### 2019年12月 ###

*   *   *  原文
         *  逐句翻译
         *   *  Part 1
             *  Part 2
             *  Part 3
             *  Part 4
             *  Part 5
         *  问题中相关单词
         *  答案
         *  答案解析

### 原文 ###

Last year, a child was born at a hospital in the UK with her heart outside her body. Few babies survive this rare condition, and those who do must endure numerous operations and are likely to have complex needs. When her mother was interviewed, three weeks after her daughter’s birth, she was asked if she was prepared for what might be a daunting (令人生畏的) task caring for her. She answered without hesitation that, as far as she was concerned, this would be a “privilege”.  
  Rarely has there been a better example of the power of attitude, one of our most powerful psychological tools. Our attitudes allow us to turn mistakes into opportunities, and loss into the chance for new beginnings. An attitude is a settled way of thinking, feeling and/or behaving towards particular objects, people, events or ideologies. We use our attitudes to filter, interpret and react to the world around us. You weren’t born with attitudes; rather they are all learned, and this happens in a number of ways.  
  The most powerful influences occur during early childhood and include both what happened to you directly, and what those around you did and said in your presence. As you acquire a distinctive identity, your attitudes are further refined by the behavior of those with whom you identify—your family, those of your gender and culture, and the people you admire, even though you may not know them personally. Friendships and other important relationships become increasingly important, particularly during adolescence. About that same time and throughout adulthood, the information you receive, especially when ideas are repeated in association with goals and achievements you find attractive, also refines your attitudes.  
  Many people assume that our attitudes are internally consistent, that is, the way you think and feel about someone or something predicts your behavior towards them. However, many studies have found that feelings and thoughts don’t necessarily predict behavior. In general, your attitudes will be internally consistent only when the behavior is easy, and when those around you hold similar beliefs. That’s why, for example, many say they believe in the benefits of recycling or exercise, but don’t behave in line with their views, because it takes awareness, effort and courage to go beyond merely stating that you believe something is a good idea.  
  One of the most effective ways to change an attitude is to start behaving as if you already feel and think the way you’d prefer to. Take some time to reflect on your attitudes, to think about what you believe and why. Is there anything you consider a burden rather than a privilege? If so, start behaving—right now—as if the latter is the case.

### 逐句翻译 ###

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#### Part 1 ####

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Last year, a child was born at a hospital in the UK with her heart outside her body.

> 去年，一个孩子在英国一家医院出生，心脏在体外。

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Few babies **survive** this rare condition, and those who do must **endure** numerous operations and are likely to have complex needs.

> 很少有婴儿能在这种罕见的情况下**存活**下来，而那些存活下来的婴儿必须**经受**多次手术，而且可能有复杂的需求。

*  `survive`：生存；**幸存**；艰难度过
 *  `endure`：忍耐；**忍受**；持续；持久

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When her mother was interviewed, three weeks after her daughter’s birth, she was asked if she was prepared for what might be a daunting (令人生畏的) task **caring for** her.

> 当她母亲在女儿出生三周后接受采访时，有人问她是否准备好**照顾**她这项艰巨的任务。

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She answered without hesitation that, **as far as she was concerned**, this would be a “**privilege**”.

> She answered without hesitation that, as far as she was concerned, this would be a “privilege”.

*  `as far as one's concerned`：**就某人而言**
 *  `privilege`：特殊利益；**优惠待遇**；给予特权；荣幸

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#### Part 2 ####

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**Rarely** has there been a better example of the power of attitude, one of our most powerful **psychological** tools.

> 态度的力量是我们最强大的心理工具之一，这一点很少有比这更好的例子了。

*  `Rarely`：罕有；**很少**；不常
 *  `psychological`：**心理的**；精神上的

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Our attitudes allow us to turn mistakes **into** opportunities, and **loss into** the chance for new beginnings.

> 我们的态度让我们把错误**变成**机遇，把**失败变成**新的开始。

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An attitude is a **settled** way of thinking, feeling and/or behaving towards **particular** objects, people, events or **ideologies**.

> 态度是对**特定**的对象、人、事件或**意识形态**的一种**固定**的思维、感觉和（或）行为方式。

*  `particular`：特指的；**特别的**；格外的
 *  `ideologies`：**意识形态**；观念形态
 *  `settled`：**固定的**；稳定的；舒适自在的；结束(争论、争端等)；解决(分歧、纠纷等)；(最终)确定；定居

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We use our attitudes to **filter**, **interpret** and **react to** the world around us.

> 我们用我们的态度来**过滤**、**解释**和**回应**我们周围的世界。

*  `filter`：**过滤**；滤波器
 *  `interpret`：**诠释**；说明；把…理解为；领会 ；口译
 *  `react to`：**回应**；对…有反应

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You weren’t born with attitudes; rather they are all learned, and this happens in a number of ways.

> 你并不是天生就有态度的；相反，它们都是后天习得的，这种情况在很多方面都会发生。

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#### Part 3 ####

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The most powerful influences occur during early childhood and include both what happened to you directly, and what those around you did and said in your **presence**.

> 最强大的影响发生在幼儿时期，包括直接发生在你身上的事情，以及你周围的人在你**面前**的言行举止。

*  `presence`：在场；出席；存在；出现 ；一个队；部队

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As you acquire a **distinctive** identity, your attitudes are further **refined** by the behavior of those with whom you identify—your family, those of your **gender** and culture, and the people you **admire**, even though you may not know them **personally**.

> 当你获得了一个**独特**的身份，你的态度会因那些与你同为一家人的人、与你具有相同**性别**和文化背景的人、以及你**敬仰**的人的行为而进一步**完善**，尽管你可能并不认识他们。

*  `distinctive`：**独特的**；特别的；有特色的
 *  `refined`：精炼的；提纯的；有礼貌的；优雅的；改进；**改善**；使精练
 *  `gender`：**性别**；性(阳性、阴性和中性，不同的性有不同的词尾等)
 *  `personally`：就本人而言；亲自；个别地；单个地

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Friendships and other important relationships become increasingly important, **particularly** during **adolescence**.

> 友谊和其他重要的关系变得越来越重要，**尤其是**在**青春期**。

*  `adolescence`：**青春期**；青春

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About that same time and throughout **adulthood**, the information you receive, especially when ideas are **repeated** in association with goals and achievements you find attractive, also **refines** your attitudes.

> 大约在同一时间，在整个**成年**过程中，你收到的信息，特别是当你发现有吸引力的目标和成就**反复出现**时，你所得到的信息也会**改善**你的态度。

*  `adulthood`：**成年**
 *  `repeated`：重复的；**反复发生的**

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#### Part 4 ####

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Many people **assume** that our attitudes are **internally consistent**, that is, the way you think and feel about someone or something **predicts** your behavior towards them.

> 很多人**认为**我们的态度是**内在一致**的，也就是说，你对某人或某事的想法和感受方式**预示**着你对他们的行为。

*  `assume`：假设；**认为**；承担(责任)；就(职)；取得(权力)；呈现(外观、样子)；显露(特征)
 *  `internally`：内部地；**内在地**；国内地
 *  `consistent`：**一致的**； 连续的；持续的；相符的
 *  `predicts`：预言；**预告**；预报

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However, many studies have found that feelings and thoughts **don’t necessarily** predict behavior.

> 然而，许多研究发现感觉和想法**并不一定**能预测行为。

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In general, your attitudes will be **internally consistent** only when the behavior is easy, and when those around you **hold similar beliefs**.

> 一般来说，只有当你的行为很容易，而且你周围的人**持有类似的信念**时，你的态度才会**内在一致**。

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That’s why, for example, many say they believe in the benefits of **recycling** or exercise, but don’t behave **in line** with their views, because it takes awareness, effort and courage to **go beyond** **merely** **stating** that you believe something is a good idea.

> 这就是为什么，例如，许多人说，他们相信回收或锻炼的好处，但他们的行为并不符合他们的观点，因为这需要意识、努力和勇气，而不仅仅是说你相信某件事是个好主意。

*  `recycling`：回收利用
 *  `merely`：仅仅；只不过
 *  `stating`：陈述；说明；声明； 规定；公布

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#### Part 5 ####

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One of the most **effective** ways to change an attitude is to start behaving **as if** you already feel and think the way you’d prefer to.

> 改变态度最**有效**的方法之一就是开始表现得**好像**你已经感觉到并以你喜欢的方式思考过**一样**。

*  `as if`：好像…一样
 *  `effective`：**有效的**；事实上的

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Take some time to **reflect on** your attitudes, to think about what you believe and why.

> 花点时间**反思**你的态度，想想你相信什么，为什么。

*  `reflect on`：**考虑**；回想

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Is there anything you consider a **burden** rather than a **privilege**? If so, start behaving—right now—as if **the latter** is the case.

> 有什么事你认为是**负担**而不是**特权**吗？如果是这样的话，现在就开始表现得好像是**后者**。

### 问题中相关单词 ###

*  `idol`：偶像
 *  `wellbeing`：幸福；健康；安乐；康乐
 *  `willpower`：意志力
 *  `hypocritical`：虚伪的
 *  `strategy`：战略；策略
 *  `embody`：体现，使具体化；具体表达
 *  `aspirations`：愿望

### 答案 ###

### 答案解析 ###

1.  细节辨认题。定位句指出，我们用自己的态度来过滤、解释和回应周围世界。由此可知，态度决定了我们如何应对周围环境，故答案为C)。
2.  推理判断题。定位句提到，当具有鲜明个性时，态度会通过你认同之人的行为得到进一步完善，而认同之人包括家人、性别和文化相同的人以及崇拜的人，即使你自己可能并不认识他们。崇拜的人就是偶像，属于个人所认同之人。由此可知，偶像的行为有助于完善一个人的态度，故答案为A)。
3.  细节辨认题。定位句指出，许多研究发现，感觉和想法并不一定能预示行为，即不会表明一个人将如何行事，故答案为A)。
4.  推理判断题。定位句提到，这就是为什么许多人表示他们相信回收利用或锻炼身体有好处，但其言行却不一致，因为这需要意识、努力和勇气，而不仅仅只是说你相信某事是个好主意。由此可知，许多人不去做他们认为好的事情就是因为他们缺乏意识、努力和勇气，也就是意志力，故答案为D)。
5.  推理判断题。定位句指出，改变态度最有效的方法之一就是开始行动，如同你已经按照自己喜欢的方式去感觉和思考。由此可知，作者建议改变态度的策略是开始以一种体现个人渴望的方式行动，故答案为B)。