Mac OS X和多个Java版本

墨蓝 2022-11-27 03:22 180阅读 0赞

本文翻译自：[Mac OS X and multiple Java versions][]

*How can I install an additional java on MacOS?* **如何在MacOS上安装其他Java？** *I installed jdk8 and that works fine.* **我安装了jdk8，效果很好。** *but now I need a jdk7 installation for development purposes.* **但现在出于开发目的，我需要安装jdk7。** *When trying to install the old version via DMG file, i get a warning, that there is already a newer version of java installed and the installer quits.* **当尝试通过DMG文件安装旧版本时，出现警告，已经安装了Java的较新版本，并且安装程序退出。**

/usr/libexec/java_home -verbose
    Matching Java Virtual Machines (1):
        1.8.0_20, x86_64:   "Java SE 8" /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_20.jdk/Contents/Home
    
       /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_20.jdk/Contents/Home

*How to install jdk7 in addition to this one?* **除此以外，如何安装jdk7？**

*Thanks* **谢谢**  
*Dakky* **达基**

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### \#1楼 ###

参考：[https://stackoom.com/question/1M9uT/Mac-OS-X和多个Java版本][https_stackoom.com_question_1M9uT_Mac-OS-X_Java]

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### \#2楼 ###

*Uninstall jdk8, install jdk7, then reinstall jdk8.* **卸载jdk8，安装jdk7，然后重新安装jdk8。**

*My approach to switching between them (in .profile) :* **我在它们之间切换的方法（在.profile中）：**

export JAVA_7_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v1.7)
    export JAVA_8_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v1.8)
    export JAVA_9_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v9)
    
    alias java7='export JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_7_HOME'
    alias java8='export JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_8_HOME'
    alias java9='export JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_9_HOME'
    
    #default java8
    export JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_8_HOME

*Then you can simply type `java7` or `java8` in a terminal to switch versions.* **然后，您只需在终端中键入`java7`或`java8`即可切换版本。**

*(edit: updated to add Dylans improvement for Java 9)* **（编辑：已更新，以增加Dylans对Java 9的改进）**

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### \#3楼 ###

*The cleanest way to manage multiple java versions on Mac is to use [`Homebrew`][Homebrew] .* **在Mac上管理多个Java版本的最干净的方法是使用[`Homebrew`][Homebrew] 。**

*And within `Homebrew` , use:* **在`Homebrew` ，使用：**

*  *`homebrew-cask` to install the versions of java* **`homebrew-cask`安装Java版本**
 *  *`jenv` to manage the installed versions of java* **`jenv`来管理Java的安装版本**

--------------------

*As seen on [http://hanxue-it.blogspot.ch/2014/05/installing-java-8-managing-multiple.html][http_hanxue-it.blogspot.ch_2014_05_installing-java-8-managing-multiple.html] , these are the steps to follow.* **如[http://hanxue-it.blogspot.ch/2014/05/installing-java-8-managing-multiple.html所示][http_hanxue-it.blogspot.ch_2014_05_installing-java-8-managing-multiple.html] ，这些是要遵循的步骤。**

1.  *install homebrew* **安装自制软件**
2.  *install homebrew jenv* **安装自制的Jenv**
3.  *install homebrew-cask* **安装自制酒桶**
4.  *install a specific java version using cask (see "homebrew-cask versions" paragraph below)* **使用桶安装特定的Java版本（请参见下面的“自制桶版本”一节）**
5.  *add this version for jenv to manage it* **添加此版本供jenv管理**
6.  *check the version is correctly managed by jenv* **检查版本是否由jenv正确管理**
7.  *repeat steps 4 to 6 for each version of java you need* **对您需要的每个Java版本重复步骤4至6**

--------------------

### *homebrew-cask versions* **自制酒桶版本** ###

*Add the [`homebrew/cask-versions`][homebrew_cask-versions] tap to homebrew using:* **使用以下方法将[`homebrew/cask-versions`][homebrew_cask-versions]水龙头添加到自制中：**

brew tap homebrew/cask-versions

*Then you can look at all the versions available:* **然后，您可以查看所有可用的版本：**

brew search java

*Then you can install the version(s) you like:* **然后，您可以安装所需的版本：**

brew cask install java7
    brew cask install java6

*And add them to be managed by jenv as usual.* **并像往常一样将它们添加到由jenv管理。**

jenv add <javaVersionPathHere>

*I think this is the cleanest & simplest way to go about it.* **我认为这是最干净，最简单的方法。**

--------------------

*Another important thing to note, as mentioned in [Mac OS X 10.6.7 Java Path Current JDK confusing][] :* **如[Mac OS X 10.6.7 Java Path Current JDK中][Mac OS X 10.6.7 Java Path Current JDK confusing]所述，要注意的另一重要事项是：**

> *For different types of JDKs or installations, you will have different paths* **对于不同类型的JDK或安装，您将具有不同的路径**
> 
> *You can check the paths of the versions installed using `/usr/libexec/java_home -V` , see [How do I check if the Java JDK is installed on Mac?][How do I check if the Java JDK is installed on Mac]* **您可以检查使用`/usr/libexec/java_home -V`安装的版本的路径，请参见[如何检查Mac上是否安装了Java JDK？][How do I check if the Java JDK is installed on Mac]**
> 
> *On Mac OS X Mavericks, I found as following:* **在Mac OS X Mavericks上，我发现如下：**
> 
> *1) Built-in JRE default: `/Library/Internet\\ Plug-Ins/JavaAppletPlugin.plugin/Contents/Home`* **1）内置JRE默认值： `/Library/Internet\\ Plug-Ins/JavaAppletPlugin.plugin/Contents/Home`**
> 
> *2) JDKs downloaded from Apple: `/System/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/1.6.0.jdk/Contents/Home/`* **2）从Apple下载的JDK： `/System/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/1.6.0.jdk/Contents/Home/`**
> 
> *3) JDKs downloaded from Oracle: `/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_11.jdk/Contents/Home`* **3）从Oracle下载的JDK： `/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_11.jdk/Contents/Home`**

--------------------

### *Resources* **资源资源** ###

*  *[Removing Java 8 JDK from Mac][]* **[从Mac移除Java 8 JDK][Removing Java 8 JDK from Mac]**
 *  *[http://hanxue-it.blogspot.ch/2014/05/installing-java-8-managing-multiple.html][http_hanxue-it.blogspot.ch_2014_05_installing-java-8-managing-multiple.html]* **[http://hanxue-it.blogspot.ch/2014/05/installing-java-8-managing-multiple.html][http_hanxue-it.blogspot.ch_2014_05_installing-java-8-managing-multiple.html]**
 *  *[http://sourabhbajaj.com/mac-setup/index.html][http_sourabhbajaj.com_mac-setup_index.html]* **[http://sourabhbajaj.com/mac-setup/index.html][http_sourabhbajaj.com_mac-setup_index.html]**
 *  *[http://brew.sh][Homebrew]* **[http://brew.sh][Homebrew]**
 *  *[https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/tree/master/share/doc/homebrew\#readme][https_github.com_Homebrew_homebrew_tree_master_share_doc_homebrew_readme]* **[https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/tree/master/share/doc/homebrew\#readme][https_github.com_Homebrew_homebrew_tree_master_share_doc_homebrew_readme]**
 *  *[http://sourabhbajaj.com/mac-setup/Homebrew/README.html][http_sourabhbajaj.com_mac-setup_Homebrew_README.html]* **[http://sourabhbajaj.com/mac-setup/Homebrew/README.html][http_sourabhbajaj.com_mac-setup_Homebrew_README.html]**
 *  *"brew tap” explained [https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/blob/master/share/doc/homebrew/brew-tap.md][https_github.com_Homebrew_homebrew_blob_master_share_doc_homebrew_brew-tap.md]* **“ brew tap”解释了[https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/blob/master/share/doc/homebrew/brew-tap.md][https_github.com_Homebrew_homebrew_blob_master_share_doc_homebrew_brew-tap.md]**
 *  *“brew versions” explained [Homebrew install specific version of formula?][Homebrew install specific version of formula]* **“酿造版本”解释了[自制][Homebrew install specific version of formula]酿造[特定版本的公式吗？][Homebrew install specific version of formula]** *and also [https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-versions][https_github.com_Homebrew_homebrew-versions]* **以及[https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-versions][https_github.com_Homebrew_homebrew-versions]**
 *  *[https://github.com/caskroom/homebrew-cask][https_github.com_caskroom_homebrew-cask]* **[https://github.com/caskroom/homebrew-cask][https_github.com_caskroom_homebrew-cask]**
 *  *“cask versions”, similar to “brew versions”, see [https://github.com/caskroom/homebrew-versions][https_github.com_caskroom_homebrew-versions] and also [https://github.com/caskroom/homebrew-cask/issues/9447][https_github.com_caskroom_homebrew-cask_issues_9447]* **“木桶版本”，类似于“酿造版本”，请参见[https://github.com/caskroom/homebrew-versions][https_github.com_caskroom_homebrew-versions]以及[https://github.com/caskroom/homebrew-cask/issues/9447][https_github.com_caskroom_homebrew-cask_issues_9447]**
 *  *[http://www.jenv.be][http_www.jenv.be]* **[http://www.jenv.be][http_www.jenv.be]**
 *  *[https://github.com/gcuisinier/jenv][https_github.com_gcuisinier_jenv]* **[https://github.com/gcuisinier/jenv][https_github.com_gcuisinier_jenv]**

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### \#4楼 ###

*I am using Mac OS X 10.9.5.* **我正在使用Mac OS X 10.9.5。** *This is how I manage multiple JDK/JRE on my machine when I need one version to run application A and use another version for application B.* **当我需要一个版本来运行应用程序A并为应用程序B使用另一个版本时，这就是我在计算机上管理多个JDK / JRE的方式。**

*I created the following script after getting some help online.* **在获得在线帮助后，我创建了以下脚本。**

#!bin/sh
    function setjdk() {
      if [ $# -ne 0 ]; then
       removeFromPath '/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/'
       if [ -n "${JAVA_HOME+x}" ]; then
        removeFromPath $JAVA_HOME
       fi
       export JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/$1/Contents/Home
       export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
      fi
     }
     function removeFromPath() {
      export PATH=$(echo $PATH | sed -E -e "s;:$1;;" -e "s;$1:?;;")
     }
    #setjdk jdk1.8.0_60.jdk
    setjdk jdk1.7.0_15.jdk

*I put the above script in .profile file.* **我把上面的脚本放在.profile文件中。** *Just open terminal, type vi .profile, append the script with the above snippet and save it.* **只需打开终端，输入vi .profile，将脚本附加以上代码片段并保存。** *Once your out type `source .profile` , this will run your profile script without you having to restart the terminal.* **一旦您输入`source .profile` ，它将运行您的配置文件脚本，而无需重新启动终端。** *Now type `java -version` it should show 1.7 as your current version.* **现在输入`java -version`它应该显示1.7作为当前版本。** *If you intend to change it to 1.8 then comment the line `setjdk jdk1.7.0_15.jdk` and uncomment the line `setjdk jdk1.8.0_60.jdk` .* **如果打算将其更改为1.8，则注释行`setjdk jdk1.7.0_15.jdk`并取消注释行`setjdk jdk1.8.0_60.jdk` 。** *Save the script and run it again with source command.* **保存该脚本，然后使用source命令再次运行它。** *I use this mechanism to manage multiple versions of JDK/JRE when I have to compile 2 different Maven projects which need different java versions.* **当我必须编译2个需要不同Java版本的Maven项目时，我使用这种机制来管理JDK / JRE的多个版本。**

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### \#5楼 ###

*As found on this [website][] So Let's begin by installing jEnv* **正如在此[网站][website]上找到的，让我们从安装jEnv开始**

1.  *Run this in the terminal* **在终端运行**
    
        brew install https://raw.github.com/gcuisinier/jenv/homebrew/jenv.rb
2.  *Add jEnv to the bash profile* **将jEnv添加到bash配置文件**
    
        if which jenv > /dev/null; then eval "$(jenv init -)"; fi
3.  *When you first install jEnv will not have any JDK associated with it.* **首次安装jEnv时，不会与它关联任何JDK。**
    
    *For example, I just installed JDK 8 but jEnv does not know about it.* **例如，我刚刚安装了JDK 8，但是jEnv对此一无所知。** *To check Java versions on jEnv* **在jEnv上检查Java版本**
    
    *At the moment it only found Java version(jre) on the system.* **目前，它仅在系统上找到Java版本（jre）。** *The `*` shows the version currently selected.* **`*`显示当前选择的版本。** *Unlike rvm and rbenv, jEnv cannot install JDK for you.* **与rvm和rbenv不同，jEnv无法为您安装JDK。** *You need to install JDK manually from Oracle website.* **您需要从Oracle网站手动安装JDK。**
4.  *Install JDK 6 from Apple website.* **从Apple网站安装JDK 6。** *This will install Java in `/System/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/` .* **这会将Java安装在`/System/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/` 。** *The reason we are installing Java 6 from Apple website is that SUN did not come up with JDK 6 for MAC, so Apple created/modified its own deployment version.* **我们从Apple网站安装Java 6的原因是SUN并未针对MAC提供JDK 6，因此Apple创建/修改了自己的部署版本。**
5.  *Similarly install JDK7 and JDK8.* **同样，安装JDK7和JDK8。**
6.  *Add JDKs to jEnv.* **将JDK添加到jEnv。**
    
    *JDK 6:* **JDK 6：**
    
    *JDK 7:* **JDK 7：** [![http：//javahabi@javahabit.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/img\_5518ab9bc47d4.png][http_javahabi_javahabit.com_wp-content_uploads_2015_03_img_5518ab9bc47d4.png]][http_javahabi_javahabit.com_wp-content_uploads_2015_03_img_5518ab9bc47d4.png]
    
    *JDK 8:* **JDK 8：** [![http：//javahabi@javahabit.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/img\_5518abb2c1217.png][http_javahabi_javahabit.com_wp-content_uploads_2015_03_img_5518ab9bc47d4.png]][http_javahabi_javahabit.com_wp-content_uploads_2015_03_img_5518ab9bc47d4.png]
7.  *Check the java versions installed using jenv* **检查使用jenv安装的Java版本**
    
    [![http：//javahabi@javahabit.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/img\_5518abceb0deb.png][http_javahabi_javahabit.com_wp-content_uploads_2015_03_img_5518ab9bc47d4.png]][http_javahabi_javahabit.com_wp-content_uploads_2015_03_img_5518ab9bc47d4.png]
8.  *So now we have 3 versions of Java on our system.* **因此，现在我们的系统上有3个Java版本。** *To set a default version use the command* **要设置默认版本，请使用以下命令**
    
        jenv local <jenv version>
    
    *Ex – I wanted Jdk 1.6 to start IntelliJ* **例–我想让Jdk 1.6启动IntelliJ**
    
        jenv local oracle64-1.6.0.65
9.  *check the java version* **检查java版本**
    
    *java -version* **Java版本** [![http：//javahabi@javahabit.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/img\_5518abe376dd0.png][http_javahabi_javahabit.com_wp-content_uploads_2015_03_img_5518ab9bc47d4.png]][http_javahabi_javahabit.com_wp-content_uploads_2015_03_img_5518ab9bc47d4.png]

*That's it.* **而已。** *We now have multiple versions of java and we can switch between them easily.* **现在，我们有多个Java版本，我们可以在它们之间轻松切换。** *jEnv also has some other features, such as wrappers for Gradle, Ant, Maven, etc, and the ability to set JVM options globally or locally.* **jEnv还具有其他一些功能，例如用于Gradle，Ant，Maven等的包装器，以及能够在全局或本地设置JVM选项的功能。** *Check out the documentation for more information.* **查看文档以获取更多信息。**

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### \#6楼 ###

*Jenv on Mac Sierra:* **Mac Sierra上的Jenv：**

*if not working after install, do this bug fix to add java executable to path* **如果安装后无法正常工作，请执行此错误修复以将Java可执行文件添加到路径**

export PATH="$HOME/.jenv/shims:$PATH"

*even though `eval "$(jenv init -)"` could do this job.* **即使`eval "$(jenv init -)"`可以完成此工作。** *The reason is /bin folder is not there anymore as describe in it's homepage, but shim folder is used as /bin instead.* **原因是/ bin文件夹不再如其主页中所述，而是将shim文件夹用作/ bin。**

*  *Make sure ~/.jenv is there* **确保〜/ .jenv在那**
 *  *`which java` may print /Library/...* **`which java`可以打印/ Library / ...**
 *  *jenv global 1.8* **jenv全球1.8**
 *  *jenv shell 1.8* **jenv外壳1.8**

*Eventually, `which java` gives you:* **最终， `which java`给您：**

> */Users/xxxx/.jenv/shims/java* **/用户/xxxx/.jenv/shims/java**

[Mac OS X and multiple Java versions]: https://oldbug.net/q/1M9uT/Mac-OS-X-and-multiple-Java-versions
[https_stackoom.com_question_1M9uT_Mac-OS-X_Java]: https://stackoom.com/question/1M9uT/Mac-OS-X%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%AAJava%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC
[Homebrew]: http://brew.sh
[http_hanxue-it.blogspot.ch_2014_05_installing-java-8-managing-multiple.html]: http://hanxue-it.blogspot.ch/2014/05/installing-java-8-managing-multiple.html
[homebrew_cask-versions]: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-cask-versions
[Mac OS X 10.6.7 Java Path Current JDK confusing]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6141180/mac-os-x-10-6-7-java-path-current-jdk-confusing/24792251#24792251
[How do I check if the Java JDK is installed on Mac]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14292698/how-do-i-check-if-the-java-jdk-is-installed-on-mac
[Removing Java 8 JDK from Mac]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19039752/removing-java-8-jdk-from-mac
[http_sourabhbajaj.com_mac-setup_index.html]: http://sourabhbajaj.com/mac-setup/index.html
[https_github.com_Homebrew_homebrew_tree_master_share_doc_homebrew_readme]: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/tree/master/share/doc/homebrew#readme
[http_sourabhbajaj.com_mac-setup_Homebrew_README.html]: http://sourabhbajaj.com/mac-setup/Homebrew/README.html
[https_github.com_Homebrew_homebrew_blob_master_share_doc_homebrew_brew-tap.md]: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/blob/master/share/doc/homebrew/brew-tap.md
[Homebrew install specific version of formula]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3987683/homebrew-install-specific-version-of-formula
[https_github.com_Homebrew_homebrew-versions]: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-versions
[https_github.com_caskroom_homebrew-cask]: https://github.com/caskroom/homebrew-cask
[https_github.com_caskroom_homebrew-versions]: https://github.com/caskroom/homebrew-versions
[https_github.com_caskroom_homebrew-cask_issues_9447]: https://github.com/caskroom/homebrew-cask/issues/9447
[http_www.jenv.be]: http://www.jenv.be
[https_github.com_gcuisinier_jenv]: https://github.com/gcuisinier/jenv
[website]: http://javahabit.com/2015/03/30/install-or-manage-multiple-versions-of-java-on-os-x/
[http_javahabi_javahabit.com_wp-content_uploads_2015_03_img_5518ab9bc47d4.png]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/wOedB.png