【Django 2021年最新版教程8】操作Mysql数据库 mysqlclient安装和使用

淡淡的烟草味﹌ 2022-10-17 00:41 192阅读 0赞

# 一、安装 #

# 1. 安装mysql #

windows下推荐下载phpstudy，一键安装，具体操作百度：phpstudy 安装教程

安装时记下数据库登陆的账号密码。

安装成功之后，如下

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyODgxOTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyODgxOTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyODgxOTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

请先确保mysql的版本大于5.6，如果不大于，在django会报错，需要升级mysql，请参考[https://shijianfeng.blog.csdn.net/article/details/117428669][https_shijianfeng.blog.csdn.net_article_details_117428669]。

一切都没有问题之后，

### 新建一个数据库，名字叫visit\_tsinghua，编码一定要选择utf8-general-ci，否则不支持中文存储 ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyODgxOTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyODgxOTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

## 2. 安装mysqlclient2.0.3 ##

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyODgxOTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyODgxOTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyODgxOTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

安装成功之后，在外面可以看到

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyODgxOTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

# 二、在Django框架里使用mysql #

## 1.  在settings.py中修改DATABASES内容如下： ##

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyODgxOTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

DATABASES = {
        'default': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
            'NAME': 'visit_tsinghua',
            'USER': 'root',
            'PASSWORD': 'root',
            'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
            'PORT': '3306',
            'OPTIONS': {
                "init_command": "SET sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES'",
            }
        }
    }

其中NAME是你的数据库名称，HOST是数据库地址，其它的大家都知道。

## 2. 进入models.py中创建与你的数据库表相对应的对象model ##

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyODgxOTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

from django.db import models
    
    
    class User(models.Model):
        id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) # django 在每一次save()操作后都可以正常的增加一条数据并且id顺序自增。id无需在save中创建，数据表自动添加
        name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
        level = models.IntegerField(default=1) # 用户等级，默认1
        createTime = models.DateTimeField(null=True)
    
        class Meta:
            db_table = 'User' # 数据表名称

命令行中进入 manage.py同级目录

执行python manage.py makemigratetions app名（可选）

# 让 Django 知道我们在我们的模型有一些变更
    python manage.py makemigrations userWeb

再执行

# 创建表结构
    python manage.py migrate

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyODgxOTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

查看数据库，发现已经新建了user表了。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyODgxOTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12][]

**这叫ORM，对象关系映射（Object Relation Mapping），实现对象和数据库的映射，隐藏数据访问的细节，不需要编写SQL语句**

在models.py中可以创建多个表的model。

## 3. 在admin.py中注册model ##

from django.contrib import admin
    from . import models
    
    # Register your models here.
    admin.site.register(models.User)

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyODgxOTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13][]

## 4. 其中testUser.html是放在templates中的前端页面： ##

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyODgxOTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14][]

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <body>
    <p>请输入用户信息</p>
    <form action="/testadduser" method="post">
        {%csrf_token%}
        姓名: <input type="text" name="name"> <br>
        用户等级: <input type="number" name="level"> <br>
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
    </body>
    </html>

## 5. views.py（或者自己创建的py文件）中编写代码主要看 testAddUser 这个方法： ##

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyODgxOTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15][]

import datetime
    
    from django.http import HttpResponse
    from django.shortcuts import render
    
    # Create your views here.
    from userWeb.models import User
    
    
    def index(request):
        return render(request, './userWeb/index.html')
    
    # 加法页面
    def add(request):
        return render(request, './userWeb/add.html')
    
    # 执行加法
    def doadd(request):
        a = request.POST['a']
        b = request.POST['b']
        a = int(a)
        b = int(b)
        result = a + b
        # return HttpResponse(str(result))
        context = {}
        context['a'] = a
        context['b'] = b
        context['result'] = result
        return render(request, './userWeb/add_result.html', context)
    
    # 增加用户页面
    def testUser(request):
        return render(request, './userWeb/testUser.html')
    
    def testAddUser(request):
    
        name = request.POST['name']
        level = request.POST['level']
        createTime = datetime.datetime.now()
    
        user = User.objects.create(name=name, level=level, createTime=createTime)
    
        context = {}
        context['msg'] = '用户新增成功'
        context['数据库中的id'] = user.id
        return HttpResponse(str(context))

create操作的返回值，user.id表示此条数据在数据库中的id

## 6.到urls.py中添加路径完整代码如下： ##

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyODgxOTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16][]

"""visit_tsinghua URL Configuration
    
    The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
        https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/http/urls/
    Examples:
    Function views
        1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
        2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
    Class-based views
        1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
        2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
    Including another URLconf
        1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
        2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
    """
    from django.contrib import admin
    from django.urls import path
    from userWeb.views import *
    
    urlpatterns = [
        path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
        path('index', index),
        path("add", add),
        path("doadd", doadd),
        path("testuser", testUser),
        path("testadduser", testAddUser),
    ]

## 7. 运行效果 ##

![20210601193135894.png][]

![20210601215350335.png][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyODgxOTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17][]

参考：

[https://www.cnblogs.com/mr-yoatl/p/11756810.html][https_www.cnblogs.com_mr-yoatl_p_11756810.html]

[https://blog.csdn.net/chengkuiwu3328/article/details/100909334][https_blog.csdn.net_chengkuiwu3328_article_details_100909334]

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[https_shijianfeng.blog.csdn.net_article_details_117428669]: https://shijianfeng.blog.csdn.net/article/details/117428669
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[20210601193135894.png]: /images/20221014/86c148c3cc2e48c999fe96ced3fc3e6f.png
[20210601215350335.png]: /images/20221014/ab37fb70b34945fa80f9a889d6c40c53.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyODgxOTA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17]: /images/20221014/5e2ec98f50c24e34aedc8e3f1fab9202.png
[https_www.cnblogs.com_mr-yoatl_p_11756810.html]: https://www.cnblogs.com/mr-yoatl/p/11756810.html
[https_blog.csdn.net_chengkuiwu3328_article_details_100909334]: https://blog.csdn.net/chengkuiwu3328/article/details/100909334