微信公众号开发

深藏阁楼爱情的钟 2022-10-12 04:24 279阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  第一章 环境准备
 *   *  1.1、开发工具
     *  1.2、创建工程
     *  1.3、添加依赖
     *  1.4、添加模板
     *  1.5、测试接口
     *  1.6、内网穿透
     *  1.7、接入指南
 *  第二章 基础支持
 *   *  2.1、获取 AccessToken 令牌
     *  2.2、获取微信API接口IP地址
     *  2.3、获取微信API回调IP地址
 *  第三章 接收消息
 *   *  3.1、接收普通消息
     *  3.2、接收事件推送
 *  第四章 二维码
 *   *  4.1、生成带参数二维码（临时）
     *  4.2、生成带参数二维码（永久）
 *  第五章 菜单栏
 *  第六章 发送消息
 *   *  6.1、发送普通消息
     *  6.2、发送模板消息
     *   *  6.2.1、设置所属行业
         *  6.2.2、获取所属行业
         *  6.2.3、设置消息模板（手动）
         *  6.2.4、设置消息模板（代码）
         *  6.2.5、获得模板列表
         *  6.2.6、删除消息模板
         *  6.2.7、发送模板消息
         *  6.2.8、接收回调事件
 *  第七章 用户管理
 *   *  7.1、获取用户列表
     *  7.2、获取用户基本信息
 *  第八章 网页开发
 *   *  8.1、生成登录页面
     *  8.2、用户登录授权
     *  8.3、刷新ACCESS\_TOKEN
     *  8.4、检验ACCESS\_TOKEN

>  *  微信官方文档：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/
>  *  接口测试帐号：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login
>  *  免费内网穿透：https://hsk.oray.com/
>  *  文档配套资料：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1V-rLHApAPpICFFStwANpFw，提取码：4fea

# 第一章 环境准备 #

## 1.1、开发工具 ##

*  IntelliJ IDEA 2021.1
 *  Maven 3.6.3
 *  Java 1.8.0\_291
 *  花生壳 8.1.0.39177

## 1.2、创建工程 ##

![b0d257ac75bc581fce9c9f115bf32928.png][]

![4dcede2d0b3cc41211369ab102556680.png][]

## 1.3、添加依赖 ##

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
        <version>3.12.0</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
        <version>1.15</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>
        <version>1.9.4</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>dom4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.6.1</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.76</version>
    </dependency>

## 1.4、添加模板 ##

@SpringBootApplication
    public class WcoaApiDemoApplication { 
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            SpringApplication.run(WcoaApiDemoApplication.class, args);
        }
    
        @Bean
        public RestTemplate restTemplate() { 
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
    
    }

## 1.5、测试接口 ##

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.controller.HelloController

@RestController
    public class HelloController { 
        @GetMapping("/hello")
        public String hello() { 
            return "Hello,World!";
        }
    }

![3e9d781bdaec9878bb008358ac26a15b.png][]

## 1.6、内网穿透 ##

访问地址：https://console.hsk.oray.com/forward

![1dd0a9f397afab3d3a70c0a66ea63fc6.png][]

![24d4380bc9435b2d3ca25b731031e964.png][]

## 1.7、接入指南 ##

访问地址：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Basic\_Information/Access\_Overview.html

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.controller.WcoaController

@Slf4j
    @RestController
    public class WcoaController { 
        private static final String token = "caochenlei521";
    
        @GetMapping("/wechat")
        public String access(@RequestParam("signature") String signature,
                             @RequestParam("timestamp") String timestamp,
                             @RequestParam("nonce") String nonce,
                             @RequestParam("echostr") String echostr) { 
            String[] params = new String[]{ token, timestamp, nonce};
            Arrays.sort(params);
            String joinParams = StringUtils.join(params);
            String sha1Params = DigestUtils.sha1Hex(joinParams);
            if (sha1Params.equals(signature)) { 
                log.info("接入微信公众平台成功！");
                return echostr;
            } else { 
                log.info("接入微信公众平台失败！");
                return "illegal";
            }
        }
    }

访问地址：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandboxinfo?action=showinfo&t=sandbox/index

![80b180a1553e44d1c19da33aa1066755.png][]

# 第二章 基础支持 #

## 2.1、获取 AccessToken 令牌 ##

访问地址：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Basic\_Information/Get\_access\_token.html

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.AccessToken

@Data
    public class AccessToken { 
        @JsonProperty("access_token")
        private String accessToken;
        @JsonProperty("expires_in")
        private Long expiresIn;
    
        public void setExpiresIn(Long expiresIn) { 
            this.expiresIn = System.currentTimeMillis() + expiresIn * 1000;
        }
    
        @JsonIgnore
        public boolean isExpired() { 
            return System.currentTimeMillis() > expiresIn;
        }
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.controller.WcoaController

private static final String APP_ID = "wxafdce898abdebe78";
    private static final String APP_SECRET = "45add7100b5cf5a9b8de655d5308d976";
    private static final String GET_ACCESS_TOKEN = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET".replace("APPID", APP_ID).replace("APPSECRET", APP_SECRET);
    
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    private AccessToken accessToken;
    
    @GetMapping("/wechat/getAccessToken")
    public AccessToken getAccessToken() { 
        if (accessToken == null || accessToken.isExpired()) { 
            accessToken = restTemplate.getForObject(GET_ACCESS_TOKEN, AccessToken.class);
            log.info("获取AccessToken成功!");
        }
        return accessToken;
    }

![6dc4257f0148a811e6d34eb2670d4897.png][]

## 2.2、获取微信API接口IP地址 ##

访问地址：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Basic\_Information/Get\_the\_WeChat\_server\_IP\_address.html

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.controller.WcoaController

private static final String GET_API_DOMAIN_IP = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/get_api_domain_ip?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";
    
    @GetMapping("/wechat/getApiDomainIp")
    public String getApiDomainIp() { 
        AccessToken accessToken = getAccessToken();
        return restTemplate.getForObject(GET_API_DOMAIN_IP.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken.getAccessToken()), String.class);
    }

![1ba587e4c2e97ad3d83eeeea3d827362.png][]

## 2.3、获取微信API回调IP地址 ##

访问地址：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Basic\_Information/Get\_the\_WeChat\_server\_IP\_address.html

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.controller.WcoaController

private static final String GET_API_CALLBACK_IP = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/getcallbackip?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";
    
    @GetMapping("/wechat/getApiCallbackIp")
    public String getApiCallbackIp() { 
        AccessToken accessToken = getAccessToken();
        return restTemplate.getForObject(GET_API_CALLBACK_IP.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken.getAccessToken()), String.class);
    }

![9b57b7bf62589af217a7931cd32f67a5.png][]

# 第三章 接收消息 #

## 3.1、接收普通消息 ##

访问地址：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Message\_Management/Receiving\_standard\_messages.html

**定义接收消息类型**

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.msg.BaseMessage

@Data
    public class BaseMessage { 
        private String toUserName;
        private String fromUserName;
        private Long createTime;
        private String msgType;
        private String msgId;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.msg.TextMessage

@Data
    @ToString(callSuper = true)
    public class TextMessage extends BaseMessage { 
        private String content;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.msg.ImageMessage

@Data
    @ToString(callSuper = true)
    public class ImageMessage extends BaseMessage { 
        private String picUrl;
        private String mediaId;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.msg.VoiceMessage

@Data
    @ToString(callSuper = true)
    public class VoiceMessage extends BaseMessage { 
        private String mediaId;
        private String format;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.msg.VideoMessage

@Data
    @ToString(callSuper = true)
    public class VideoMessage extends BaseMessage { 
        private String mediaId;
        private String thumbMediaId;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.msg.LocationMessage

@Data
    @ToString(callSuper = true)
    public class LocationMessage  extends BaseMessage { 
        private String location_X;
        private String location_Y;
        private Long scale;
        private String label;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.msg.LinkMessage

@Data
    @ToString(callSuper = true)
    public class LinkMessage extends BaseMessage{ 
        private String title;
        private String description;
        private String url;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.msg.FileMessage

@Data
    @ToString(callSuper = true)
    public class FileMessage extends BaseMessage{ 
        private String title;
        private String description;
        private String fileKey;
        private String fileMd5;
        private String fileTotalLen;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.controller.WcoaController

@PostMapping(value = "/wechat", produces = "application/xml;charset=UTF-8")
    public String notification(@RequestBody String body) { 
        try { 
            Map<String, String> parse = parseXmlToMap(body);
            String msgType = parse.get("msgType");
            switch (msgType) { 
                case "text":
                    TextMessage textMessage = new TextMessage();
                    BeanUtils.populate(textMessage, parse);
                    log.info("{}", textMessage);
                    break;
                case "image":
                    ImageMessage imageMessage = new ImageMessage();
                    BeanUtils.populate(imageMessage, parse);
                    log.info("{}", imageMessage);
                    break;
                case "voice":
                    VoiceMessage voiceMessage = new VoiceMessage();
                    BeanUtils.populate(voiceMessage, parse);
                    log.info("{}", voiceMessage);
                    break;
                case "video":
                    VideoMessage videoMessage = new VideoMessage();
                    BeanUtils.populate(videoMessage, parse);
                    log.info("{}", videoMessage);
                    break;
                case "location":
                    LocationMessage locationMessage = new LocationMessage();
                    BeanUtils.populate(locationMessage, parse);
                    log.info("{}", locationMessage);
                    break;
                case "link":
                    LinkMessage linkMessage = new LinkMessage();
                    BeanUtils.populate(linkMessage, parse);
                    log.info("{}", linkMessage);
                    break;
                case "file":
                    FileMessage fileMessage = new FileMessage();
                    BeanUtils.populate(fileMessage, parse);
                    log.info("{}", fileMessage);
                    break;
                case "event":
                    eventHandle(parse);
                    break;
                default:
                    log.info("{}", "未知消息!");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) { 
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "error";
    }
    
    //事件处理，稍后讲解
    private String eventHandle(Map<String, String> parse) { 
    
        return "error";
    }
    
    //将Xml字符串解析为Map对象
    private Map<String, String> parseXmlToMap(String body) { 
        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
        try { 
            Document document = DocumentHelper.parseText(body);
            Element root = document.getRootElement();
            List<Element> elements = root.elements();
            for (Element element : elements) { 
                String key = element.getName();
                String val = element.getStringValue();
                map.put(StringUtils.uncapitalize(key), val);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) { 
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return map;
    }
    
    //将Obj对象解析为Xml字符串
    private String parseObjToXml(Object obj) { 
        try { 
            Element root = recursionParse(obj);
            root.setName("xml");
            StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
            XMLWriter xw = new XMLWriter(sw);
            xw.write(root.getDocument());
            xw.flush();
            xw.close();
            return sw.toString();
        } catch (Exception e) { 
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
    
    private Element recursionParse(Object obj) throws Exception { 
        //获取该对象所有属性
        Class<?> clazz = obj.getClass();
        List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
        while (clazz != null) { 
            fields.addAll(Arrays.asList(clazz.getDeclaredFields()));
            clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();
        }
        //获取该对象真实类名
        String clazzName = obj.getClass().getName();
        int index = clazzName.lastIndexOf(".");
        clazzName = clazzName.substring(index + 1);
        //为对象创建XML文档
        Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();
        Element root = document.addElement(clazzName);
        for (Field field : fields) { 
            if ("serialVersionUID".equals(field.getName())) continue;
            field.setAccessible(true);
            String fieldName = StringUtils.capitalize(field.getName());
            Object fieldValue = field.get(obj);
            if (field.getType().getName().contains("java.util.List")) { 
                List<Item> items = (List<Item>) fieldValue;
                for (Item item : items) { 
                    Element itemRoot = recursionParse(item);
                    itemRoot.setName("item");
                    root.add(itemRoot);
                }
            } else if (!field.getType().getName().contains("java.lang")) { 
                root.add(recursionParse(fieldValue));
            } else { 
                if (fieldValue != null) { 
                    root.addElement(fieldName).setText(String.valueOf(fieldValue));
                }
            }
        }
        return root;
    }

## 3.2、接收事件推送 ##

访问地址:https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Message\_Management/Receiving\_event\_pushes.html

**定义接收事件类型**

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.event.BaseEventMessage

@Data
    @ToString(callSuper = true)
    public class BaseEventMessage extends BaseMessage { 
        private String event;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.event.LocationEventMessage

@Data
    @ToString(callSuper = true)
    public class LocationEventMessage extends BaseEventMessage { 
        private String latitude;
        private String longitude;
        private String precision;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.event.ClickEventMessage

@Data
    @ToString(callSuper = true)
    public class ClickEventMessage  extends BaseEventMessage { 
        private String eventKey;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.event.ViewEventMessage

@Data
    @ToString(callSuper = true)
    public class ViewEventMessage extends BaseEventMessage { 
        private String eventKey;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.event.TicketEventMessage

@Data
    @ToString(callSuper = true)
    public class TicketEventMessage extends BaseEventMessage { 
        private String eventKey;
        private String ticket;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.controller.WcoaController

private String eventHandle(Map<String, String> parse) { 
        try { 
            String event = parse.get("event");
            String eventKey = parse.get("eventKey");
            if (eventKey == null || eventKey.equals("")) { 
                switch (event) { 
                    case "subscribe"://订阅事件
                        BaseEventMessage subEventMessage = new BaseEventMessage();
                        BeanUtils.populate(subEventMessage, parse);
                        log.info("subscribe={}", subEventMessage);
                        break;
                    case "unsubscribe"://取消订阅
                        BaseEventMessage unSubEventMessage = new BaseEventMessage();
                        BeanUtils.populate(unSubEventMessage, parse);
                        log.info("unsubscribe={}", unSubEventMessage);
                        break;
                    case "LOCATION"://上报位置
                        LocationEventMessage locationEventMessage = new LocationEventMessage();
                        BeanUtils.populate(locationEventMessage, parse);
                        log.info("{}", locationEventMessage);
                        break;
                    default:
                        log.info("{}", "未知事件!");
                }
            } else { 
                switch (event) { 
                    case "subscribe"://如果用户还未关注公众号，则用户可以关注公众号，关注后微信会将带场景值关注事件推送给开发者。
                        TicketEventMessage subsTicketEventMessage = new TicketEventMessage();
                        BeanUtils.populate(subsTicketEventMessage, parse);
                        log.info("subs={}", subsTicketEventMessage);
                        break;
                    case "SCAN"://如果用户已经关注公众号，在用户扫描后会自动进入会话，微信也会将带场景值扫描事件推送给开发者。
                        TicketEventMessage scanTicketEventMessage = new TicketEventMessage();
                        BeanUtils.populate(scanTicketEventMessage, parse);
                        log.info("scan={}", scanTicketEventMessage);
                        break;
                    case "CLICK"://菜单按钮
                        ClickEventMessage clickEventMessage = new ClickEventMessage();
                        BeanUtils.populate(clickEventMessage, parse);
                        log.info("{}", clickEventMessage);
                        break;
                    case "VIEW"://菜单链接
                        ViewEventMessage viewEventMessage = new ViewEventMessage();
                        BeanUtils.populate(viewEventMessage, parse);
                        log.info("{}", viewEventMessage);
                        break;
                    default:
                        log.info("{}", "未知事件!");
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) { 
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "error";
    }

# 第四章 二维码 #

访问地址：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Account\_Management/Generating\_a\_Parametric\_QR\_Code.html

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.controller.WcoaController

private static final String QRCODE_CREATE = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/qrcode/create?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";
    
    @GetMapping("/wechat/qrcodeCreate")
    public String qrcodeCreate(@RequestParam(value = "action_name", required = true) String actionName,
                               @RequestParam(value = "scene_id", required = false) String sceneId,
                               @RequestParam(value = "scene_str", required = false) String sceneStr) { 
        AccessToken accessToken = getAccessToken();
        Map<String, Object> actionInfo = new HashMap<>();
        if (sceneId != null) actionInfo.put("scene", Collections.singletonMap("scene_id", sceneId));
        if (sceneStr != null) actionInfo.put("scene", Collections.singletonMap("scene_str", sceneStr));
        Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();
        params.put("expire_seconds", "2592000");
        params.put("action_name", actionName);
        params.put("action_info", actionInfo);
        return restTemplate.postForObject(QRCODE_CREATE.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken.getAccessToken()), params, String.class);
    }
    
    private static final String QRCODE_URL = "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/showqrcode?ticket=TICKET";
    
    @GetMapping(value = "/wechat/qrcodeUrl")
    public Map<String, String> qrcodeUrl(@RequestParam("ticket") String ticket) { 
        return Collections.singletonMap("qrcode_url", QRCODE_URL.replace("TICKET", ticket));
    }

## 4.1、生成带参数二维码（临时） ##

**测试类型：临时的整型参数值**

测试地址：http://caochenlei.cn/wechat/qrcodeCreate?action\_name=QR\_SCENE&scene\_id=123

![5dde6a725ca1761085c0228f252a3af1.png][]

访问地址：http://caochenlei.cn/wechat/qrcodeUrl?ticket=gQFQ8TwAAAAAAAAAAS5odHRwOi8vd2VpeGluLnFxLmNvbS9xLzAyZ0FSUk10S2FjUEcxM1VUNk54MVgAAgT4qt5gAwQAjScA

![aac7249d9898e39870b71eec02dee1c2.png][]

**测试类型：临时的字符串参数值**

测试地址：http://caochenlei.cn/wechat/qrcodeCreate?action\_name=QR\_STR\_SCENE&scene\_str=abc

![9095aa1699a1ac8d91c81122944cb8f0.png][]

访问地址：http://caochenlei.cn/wechat/qrcodeUrl?ticket=gQG28DwAAAAAAAAAAS5odHRwOi8vd2VpeGluLnFxLmNvbS9xLzAyX3Q2dE4zS2FjUEcxMWhVNmh4Y0kAAgRRq95gAwQAjScA

![d5da4feb2397a23f8c6eead1aa20b0c6.png][]

## 4.2、生成带参数二维码（永久） ##

**测试类型：永久的整型参数值**

测试地址：http://caochenlei.cn/wechat/qrcodeCreate?action\_name=QR\_LIMIT\_SCENE&scene\_id=123

![dbd8cedf92bdc1b5f83692e68d129117.png][]

访问地址：http://caochenlei.cn/wechat/qrcodeUrl?ticket=gQEA8jwAAAAAAAAAAS5odHRwOi8vd2VpeGluLnFxLmNvbS9xLzAyS1YyQk5ZS2FjUEcxMDAwME0wM0IAAgQEot5gAwQAAAAA

![4f94bbd9267e0ff9a127c25f0f2528f4.png][]

**测试类型：永久的字符串参数值**

测试地址：http://caochenlei.cn/wechat/qrcodeCreate?action\_name=QR\_LIMIT\_STR\_SCENE&scene\_str=abc

![56196861e8a99214e6a48955fe7d000f.png][]

访问地址：http://caochenlei.cn/wechat/qrcodeUrl?ticket=gQGn8TwAAAAAAAAAAS5odHRwOi8vd2VpeGluLnFxLmNvbS9xLzAyWGVSZU00S2FjUEcxMDAwME0wN0cAAgQbot5gAwQAAAAA

![1958077cec309382e933fdd128823c5f.png][]

# 第五章 菜单栏 #

访问地址：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Custom\_Menus/Creating\_Custom-Defined\_Menu.html

**定义菜单按钮类型**

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.btn.BaseButton

@Data
    @NoArgsConstructor
    @AllArgsConstructor
    public class BaseButton { 
        private String type;
        private String name;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.btn.ClickButton

@Data
    @NoArgsConstructor
    @ToString(callSuper = true)
    public class ClickButton extends BaseButton { 
        private String key;
    
        public ClickButton(String name, String key) { 
            super("click", name);
            this.key = key;
        }
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.btn.ViewButton

@Data
    @NoArgsConstructor
    @ToString(callSuper = true)
    public class ViewButton extends BaseButton { 
        private String url;
    
        public ViewButton(String name, String url) { 
            super("view", name);
            this.url = url;
        }
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.btn.SubButton

@Data
    @NoArgsConstructor
    @ToString(callSuper = true)
    public class SubButton extends BaseButton { 
        private List<BaseButton> sub_button;
    
        public SubButton(String name) { 
            super("sub", name);
            this.sub_button = new ArrayList<>();
        }
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.btn.Button

@Data
    public class Button { 
        private List<BaseButton> button = new ArrayList<>();
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.controller.WcoaController

@GetMapping("/wechat/menuCreate")
    public String menuCreate() { 
        AccessToken accessToken = getAccessToken();
        Button button = new Button();
        button.getButton().add(new ClickButton("菜单一", "btn1"));
        button.getButton().add(new ViewButton("菜单二", "https://www.baidu.com"));
        SubButton subButton = new SubButton("菜单三");
        subButton.getSub_button().add(new ClickButton("子按钮1", "subBtn1"));
        subButton.getSub_button().add(new ClickButton("子按钮2", "subBtn2"));
        subButton.getSub_button().add(new ClickButton("子按钮3", "subBtn3"));
        button.getButton().add(subButton);
        return restTemplate.postForObject(MENU_CREATE.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken.getAccessToken()), button, String.class);
    }

# 第六章 发送消息 #

## 6.1、发送普通消息 ##

访问地址：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Message\_Management/Passive\_user\_reply\_message.html

**定义回复消息类型**

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.reply.BaseReplyMessage

@Data
    public class BaseReplyMessage { 
        private String toUserName;
        private String fromUserName;
        private Long createTime;
        private String msgType;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.reply.TextReplyMessage

@Data
    @ToString(callSuper = true)
    public class TextReplyMessage extends BaseReplyMessage { 
        private String content;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.reply.ImageReplyMessage

@Data
    @ToString(callSuper = true)
    public class ImageReplyMessage extends BaseReplyMessage { 
        private Image image;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.reply.Image

@Data
    public class Image { 
        private String mediaId;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.reply.VoiceReplyMessage

@Data
    @ToString(callSuper = true)
    public class VoiceReplyMessage extends BaseReplyMessage { 
        private Voice voice;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.reply.Voice

@Data
    public class Voice { 
        private String mediaId;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.reply.VideoReplyMessage

@Data
    @ToString(callSuper = true)
    public class VideoReplyMessage extends BaseReplyMessage { 
        private Video video;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.reply.Video

@Data
    public class Video { 
        private String mediaId;
        private String title;
        private String description;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.reply.MusicReplyMessage

@Data
    @ToString(callSuper = true)
    public class MusicReplyMessage extends BaseReplyMessage { 
        private Music music;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.reply.Music

@Data
    public class Music { 
        private String title;
        private String description;
        private String musicUrl;
        private String mQMusicUrl;
        private String thumbMediaId;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.reply.NewsReplyMessage

@Data
    @ToString(callSuper = true)
    public class NewsReplyMessage extends BaseReplyMessage { 
        private String articleCount;
        private Articles articles = new Articles();
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.reply.Articles

@Data
    public class Articles { 
        private List<Item> items = new ArrayList<>();
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.reply.Item

@Data
    public class Item { 
        private String title;
        private String description;
        private String picUrl;
        private String url;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.controller.WcoaController

（这里以回复文本消息为例，其余格式参考此案例即可）

@PostMapping(value = "/wechat", produces = "application/xml;charset=UTF-8")
    public String notification(@RequestBody String body) { 
        String reply = "error";
        try { 
            Map<String, String> parse = parseXmlToMap(body);
            String msgType = parse.get("msgType");
            switch (msgType) { 
                case "text":
                    TextMessage textMessage = new TextMessage();
                    BeanUtils.populate(textMessage, parse);
                    log.info("{}", textMessage);
                    TextReplyMessage textReplyMessage = new TextReplyMessage();
                    textReplyMessage.setToUserName(textMessage.getFromUserName());
                    textReplyMessage.setFromUserName(textMessage.getToUserName());
                    textReplyMessage.setCreateTime(System.nanoTime());
                    textReplyMessage.setMsgType("text");
                    textReplyMessage.setContent("你好，用户！");
                    reply = parseObjToXml(textReplyMessage);
                    break;
                case "image":
                    ImageMessage imageMessage = new ImageMessage();
                    BeanUtils.populate(imageMessage, parse);
                    log.info("{}", imageMessage);
                    break;
                case "voice":
                    VoiceMessage voiceMessage = new VoiceMessage();
                    BeanUtils.populate(voiceMessage, parse);
                    log.info("{}", voiceMessage);
                    break;
                case "video":
                    VideoMessage videoMessage = new VideoMessage();
                    BeanUtils.populate(videoMessage, parse);
                    log.info("{}", videoMessage);
                    break;
                case "location":
                    LocationMessage locationMessage = new LocationMessage();
                    BeanUtils.populate(locationMessage, parse);
                    log.info("{}", locationMessage);
                    break;
                case "link":
                    LinkMessage linkMessage = new LinkMessage();
                    BeanUtils.populate(linkMessage, parse);
                    log.info("{}", linkMessage);
                    break;
                case "file":
                    FileMessage fileMessage = new FileMessage();
                    BeanUtils.populate(fileMessage, parse);
                    log.info("{}", fileMessage);
                    break;
                case "event":
                    eventHandle(parse);
                    break;
                default:
                    log.info("{}", "未知消息!");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) { 
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return reply;
    }

## 6.2、发送模板消息 ##

访问地址：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Message\_Management/Template\_Message\_Interface.html

### 6.2.1、设置所属行业 ###

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.controller.WcoaController

private static final String SET_INDUSTRY = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/template/api_set_industry?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";
    
    @GetMapping("/wechat/setIndustry")
    public String setIndustry(@RequestParam("industry_id1") String industryId1, @RequestParam("industry_id2") String industryId2) { 
        AccessToken accessToken = getAccessToken();
        Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<>();
        params.put("industry_id1", industryId1);
        params.put("industry_id2", industryId2);
        return restTemplate.postForObject(SET_INDUSTRY.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken.getAccessToken()), params, String.class);
    }

测试地址：http://caochenlei.cn/wechat/setIndustry?industry\_id1=1&industry\_id2=4

![65617d37a332d020f51581c35142e387.png][]

### 6.2.2、获取所属行业 ###

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.controller.WcoaController

private static final String GET_INDUSTRY = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/template/get_industry?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";
    
    @GetMapping("/wechat/getIndustry")
    public String getIndustry() { 
        AccessToken accessToken = getAccessToken();
        return restTemplate.getForObject(GET_INDUSTRY.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken.getAccessToken()), String.class);
    }

测试地址：http://caochenlei.cn/wechat/getIndustry

![12161e8390690c37e9bf519ac9769590.png][]

### 6.2.3、设置消息模板（手动） ###

访问地址：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandboxinfo?action=showinfo&t=sandbox/index

![b5194d98f1869c4ec597007e6d0094bb.png][]

![442629fac2917ab1d229682256157e09.png][]

![40d12e0393929fe24651bcae296b9441.png][]

### 6.2.4、设置消息模板（代码） ###

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.controller.WcoaController

private static final String ADD_TEMPLATE = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/template/api_add_template?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";
    
    @GetMapping("/wechat/addTemplate")
    public String addTemplate(@RequestParam("template_id_short") String templateIdShort) { 
        AccessToken accessToken = getAccessToken();
        Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<>();
        params.put("template_id_short", templateIdShort);
        return restTemplate.postForObject(ADD_TEMPLATE.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken.getAccessToken()), params, String.class);
    }

### 6.2.5、获得模板列表 ###

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.controller.WcoaController

private static final String GET_ALL_PRIVATE_TEMPLATE = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/template/get_all_private_template?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";
    
    @GetMapping("/wechat/getAllPrivateTemplate")
    public String getAllPrivateTemplate() { 
        AccessToken accessToken = getAccessToken();
        return restTemplate.getForObject(GET_ALL_PRIVATE_TEMPLATE.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken.getAccessToken()), String.class);
    }

### 6.2.6、删除消息模板 ###

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.controller.WcoaController

private static final String DEL_PRIVATE_TEMPLATE = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/template/del_private_template?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";
    
    @GetMapping("/wechat/delPrivateTemplate")
    public String delPrivateTemplate(@RequestParam("template_id") String templateId) { 
        AccessToken accessToken = getAccessToken();
        Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<>();
        params.put("template_id", templateId);
        return restTemplate.postForObject(DEL_PRIVATE_TEMPLATE.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken.getAccessToken()), params, String.class);
    }

### 6.2.7、发送模板消息 ###

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.controller.WcoaController

private static final String SEND_TEMPLATE = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";
    
    @GetMapping("/wechat/sendBuySuccessTemplate")
    public String sendBuySuccessTemplate(@RequestParam("touser") String touser) { 
        AccessToken accessToken = getAccessToken();
        Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();
        params.put("touser", touser);
        params.put("template_id", "BdKiRYGsQ0eHbkRh3dp9hvlbbJwGsnuSvVqjxt7Zvg4");
        Map<String, Map<String, String>> data = new HashMap<>();
        Map<String, String> dataValue1 = new HashMap<>();
        dataValue1.put("value", "恭喜你购买成功！");
        dataValue1.put("color", "#173177");
        data.put("first", dataValue1);
        Map<String, String> dataValue2 = new HashMap<>();
        dataValue2.put("value", "巧克力");
        dataValue2.put("color", "#173177");
        data.put("keyword1", dataValue2);
        Map<String, String> dataValue3 = new HashMap<>();
        dataValue3.put("value", "39.8元");
        dataValue3.put("color", "#173177");
        data.put("keyword2", dataValue3);
        Map<String, String> dataValue4 = new HashMap<>();
        dataValue4.put("value", "2014年9月22日");
        dataValue4.put("color", "#173177");
        data.put("keyword3", dataValue4);
        Map<String, String> dataValue5 = new HashMap<>();
        dataValue5.put("value", "欢迎再次购买！");
        dataValue5.put("color", "#173177");
        data.put("remark", dataValue5);
        params.put("data", data);
        return restTemplate.postForObject(SEND_TEMPLATE.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken.getAccessToken()), params, String.class);
    }

### 6.2.8、接收回调事件 ###

**定义回复消息类型**

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.event.TemplateEventMessage

@Data
    @ToString(callSuper = true)
    public class TemplateEventMessage extends BaseEventMessage { 
        private String msgID;
        private String status;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.controller.WcoaController

private String eventHandle(Map<String, String> parse) { 
        try { 
            String event = parse.get("event");
            String eventKey = parse.get("eventKey");
            if (eventKey == null || eventKey.equals("")) { 
                switch (event) { 
                    case "subscribe"://订阅事件
                        BaseEventMessage subEventMessage = new BaseEventMessage();
                        BeanUtils.populate(subEventMessage, parse);
                        log.info("subscribe={}", subEventMessage);
                        break;
                    case "unsubscribe"://取消订阅
                        BaseEventMessage unSubEventMessage = new BaseEventMessage();
                        BeanUtils.populate(unSubEventMessage, parse);
                        log.info("unsubscribe={}", unSubEventMessage);
                        break;
                    case "LOCATION"://上报位置
                        LocationEventMessage locationEventMessage = new LocationEventMessage();
                        BeanUtils.populate(locationEventMessage, parse);
                        log.info("{}", locationEventMessage);
                        break;
                    case "TEMPLATESENDJOBFINISH"://模板消息
                        TemplateEventMessage templateEventMessage = new TemplateEventMessage();
                        BeanUtils.populate(templateEventMessage, parse);
                        log.info("{}", templateEventMessage);
                        break;
                    default:
                        log.info("{}", "未知事件!");
                }
            } else { 
                switch (event) { 
                    case "subscribe"://如果用户还未关注公众号，则用户可以关注公众号，关注后微信会将带场景值关注事件推送给开发者。
                        TicketEventMessage subsTicketEventMessage = new TicketEventMessage();
                        BeanUtils.populate(subsTicketEventMessage, parse);
                        log.info("subs={}", subsTicketEventMessage);
                        break;
                    case "SCAN"://如果用户已经关注公众号，在用户扫描后会自动进入会话，微信也会将带场景值扫描事件推送给开发者。
                        TicketEventMessage scanTicketEventMessage = new TicketEventMessage();
                        BeanUtils.populate(scanTicketEventMessage, parse);
                        log.info("scan={}", scanTicketEventMessage);
                        break;
                    case "CLICK"://菜单按钮
                        ClickEventMessage clickEventMessage = new ClickEventMessage();
                        BeanUtils.populate(clickEventMessage, parse);
                        log.info("{}", clickEventMessage);
                        break;
                    case "VIEW"://菜单链接
                        ViewEventMessage viewEventMessage = new ViewEventMessage();
                        BeanUtils.populate(viewEventMessage, parse);
                        log.info("{}", viewEventMessage);
                        break;
                    default:
                        log.info("{}", "未知事件!");
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) { 
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "error";
    }

# 第七章 用户管理 #

## 7.1、获取用户列表 ##

访问地址：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/User\_Management/Getting\_a\_User\_List.html

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.controller.WcoaController

private static final String GET_USER_LIST = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/get?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";
    
    @GetMapping("/wechat/getUserList")
    public String getUserList(@RequestParam(value = "next_openid", required = false) String nextOpenid) { 
        AccessToken accessToken = getAccessToken();
        Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();
        if (nextOpenid != null) { 
            params.put("next_openid", nextOpenid);
        }
        return restTemplate.postForObject(GET_USER_LIST.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken.getAccessToken()), params, String.class);
    }

测试地址：http://caochenlei.cn/wechat/getUserList

![2400bedf70fdb0d1fb748c0239003c05.png][]

## 7.2、获取用户基本信息 ##

访问地址：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/User\_Management/Get\_users\_basic\_information\_UnionID.html\#UinonId

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.controller.WcoaController

private static final String GET_USER_INFO = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID&lang=zh_CN";
    
    @GetMapping("/wechat/getUserInfo")
    public String getUserInfo(@RequestParam("openid") String openid) { 
        AccessToken accessToken = getAccessToken();
        String getUserInfoUrl = GET_USER_INFO.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken.getAccessToken());
        getUserInfoUrl = getUserInfoUrl.replace("OPENID", openid);
        return restTemplate.getForObject(getUserInfoUrl, String.class);
    }

测试地址：http://caochenlei.cn/wechat/getUserInfo?openid=oLsoz6o6u1jqwMr7cLKfKwlOjZzY

![cb257a22a0fcfd4c2f8baf8daeec4039.png][]

# 第八章 网页开发 #

访问地址：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/OA\_Web\_Apps/Wechat\_webpage\_authorization.html

## 8.1、生成登录页面 ##

访问地址：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandboxinfo?action=showinfo&t=sandbox/index

![69ff10166a726debd7217907f75a2c63.png][]

![540abca3a1ad6e1b29a022b99d74cc15.png][]

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.controller.WcoaWebController

@Slf4j
    @RestController
    public class WcoaWebController { 
        private static final String APP_ID = "wxafdce898abdebe78";
        private static final String APP_SECRET = "45add7100b5cf5a9b8de655d5308d976";
        private static final String APP_REDIRECT_URI = "http://caochenlei.cn/wechat/web/login";
    
        @GetMapping(value = "/wechat/web/create", produces = { MediaType.TEXT_HTML_VALUE})
        public String create() { 
            StringBuilder url = new StringBuilder("https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize");
            url.append("?appid=").append(APP_ID);
            url.append("&redirect_uri=").append(APP_REDIRECT_URI);
            url.append("&response_type=").append("code");
            url.append("&scope=").append("snsapi_userinfo");
            url.append("#wechat_redirect");
            return "<html><body><h1 align='center'><a href='" + url + "'>点击登录</a></h1></body></html>";
        }
    }

## 8.2、用户登录授权 ##

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.AccessTokenWeb

@Data
    public class AccessTokenWeb { 
        @JsonProperty("access_token")
        private String accessToken;
        @JsonProperty("expires_in")
        private Long expiresIn;
        @JsonProperty("refresh_token")
        private String refreshToken;
        @JsonProperty("openid")
        private String openId;
        @JsonProperty("scope")
        private String scope;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.domain.User

@Data
    public class User { 
        @JsonProperty("openid")
        private String openId;
        @JsonProperty("nickname")
        private String nickname;
        @JsonProperty("sex")
        private String sex;
        @JsonProperty("province")
        private String province;
        @JsonProperty("city")
        private String city;
        @JsonProperty("headimgurl")
        private String headImgUrl;
        @JsonProperty("privilege")
        private String privilege;
        @JsonProperty("unionid")
        private String unionId;
    }

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.controller.WcoaWebController

@Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    private AccessTokenWeb accessTokenWeb;
    
    private static final String GET_ACCESS_TOKEN_WEB = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET&code=CODE&grant_type=authorization_code";
    private static final String GET_USER_INFO = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID&lang=zh_CN";
    
    @GetMapping("/wechat/web/login")
    public Map<String, Object> login(@RequestParam("code") String code) { 
        //获取ACCESS_TOKEN
        log.info("code={}", code);
        String respObject = restTemplate.getForObject(GET_ACCESS_TOKEN_WEB.replace("APPID", APP_ID).replace("APPSECRET", APP_SECRET).replace("CODE", code), String.class);
        accessTokenWeb = JSONObject.parseObject(respObject, AccessTokenWeb.class);
        log.info("accessTokenWeb={}", accessTokenWeb);
        //拉取用户详细信息
        respObject = restTemplate.getForObject(GET_USER_INFO.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessTokenWeb.getAccessToken()).replace("OPENID", accessTokenWeb.getOpenId()), String.class);
        respObject = new String(respObject.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);//解决中文乱码
        User user = JSONObject.parseObject(respObject, User.class);
        log.info("user={}", user);
        //返回封装后的信息
        Map<String, Object> resp = new HashMap<>();
        resp.put("accessTokenWeb", accessTokenWeb);
        resp.put("user", user);
        return resp;
    }

## 8.3、刷新ACCESS\_TOKEN ##

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.controller.WcoaWebController

private static final String REFRESH_TOKEN = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/refresh_token?appid=APPID&grant_type=refresh_token&refresh_token=REFRESH_TOKEN";
    
    @GetMapping("/wechat/refreshToken")
    public AccessTokenWeb refreshToken(@RequestParam("refresh_token") String refreshToken) { 
        String respObject = restTemplate.getForObject(REFRESH_TOKEN.replace("APPID", APP_ID).replace("REFRESH_TOKEN", refreshToken), String.class);
        accessTokenWeb = JSONObject.parseObject(respObject, AccessTokenWeb.class);
        return accessTokenWeb;
    }

## 8.4、检验ACCESS\_TOKEN ##

io.caochenlei.wcoa.api.demo.controller.WcoaWebController

private static final String CHECK_TOKEN = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/auth?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID";
    
    @GetMapping("/wechat/checkToken")
    public String checkToken(@RequestParam("access_token") String accessToken, @RequestParam("openid") String openId) { 
        return restTemplate.getForObject(CHECK_TOKEN.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken).replace("OPENID", openId), String.class);
    }

[b0d257ac75bc581fce9c9f115bf32928.png]: /images/20221005/e104f16a5f5c4f5788e2da83be6d2812.png
[4dcede2d0b3cc41211369ab102556680.png]: /images/20221005/59af2fac9f0e4cf6819a437ecbc986e0.png
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[24d4380bc9435b2d3ca25b731031e964.png]: /images/20221005/58089716324a4e5ba8777c6be996bb46.png
[80b180a1553e44d1c19da33aa1066755.png]: /images/20221005/739e95c1ef0b490b9c35adad80e9bf54.png
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[dbd8cedf92bdc1b5f83692e68d129117.png]: /images/20221005/5a0d826f0e474010a4aaac156a4f85ca.png
[4f94bbd9267e0ff9a127c25f0f2528f4.png]: /images/20221005/267eab6f3fd744f984f6b1c70496d9d2.png
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