wtl图形界面

痛定思痛。 2022-10-07 14:50 255阅读 0赞

第一部分介绍`WTL`框架窗口结构,编写基于`WTL`的`SDI`,`MDI`和多线程`SDI`的程序,及`WTL的辅助类`及封装`DDX`,看`向导`及例程.  
第二部分讲`WTL命令栏`,封装`通用控件`,及`消息路由`,及`通用对话框,属性页/属性表,打印支持,以及滚动窗口`

# WTL的基础–ATL #

`ATL本来`用来支持`COM组件和OLE`属性页框架.封装了所有基本`窗口`函数,包括创建和管理`窗口/对话框`,`窗口函数,消息路由,窗口子类化,超类化和消息链等`.  
`对话框/窗口`依赖`其根`,`根/容器`依赖`C窗口`.外有个`C消息映射`.  
wtl使创建`sdi`更容易:`CFrameWindowImpl`.  
其从`CFrameWindowImplBase`继承,继承`标框架`的所有功能.

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th align="left"><code>序号</code></th> 
   <th align="left">功能</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>1</code></td> 
   <td align="left">工具栏,菜单栏,状态栏,钢筋栏(容器)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>2</code></td> 
   <td align="left">基本视图处理:视图与框架同步大小</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>3</code></td> 
   <td align="left">命令栏菜单</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>4</code></td> 
   <td align="left">键盘快捷键;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>5</code></td> 
   <td align="left">工具栏按钮的工具提示;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>6</code></td> 
   <td align="left">在状态栏显示帮助字符串;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>7</code></td> 
   <td align="left">显示框架图标</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

相同资源`ID`可在`字符串表`中用来作为`框架标题,菜单资源,快捷键表,图标和工具条资源`等,用`用通用资源ID`找到了`资源`,就自动加载.只是`工具条`资源要手动加载.  
处理`WM_SIZE`(重置工具条和状态条大小)和`WM_DESTROY(调用PostQuitMessage)`等.  
`atlapp.h`定义了从`CComModule`继承的`CAppModule`.  
`atlframe.h`定义`CFrameWindowImpl`类.  
ATL允许每个线程有个消息队列.`CCommandBarCtrl`封装命令栏.先`父窗口`为参创建`命令栏`,再附加`菜单`,再加载图像传递资源,其为`位图工具栏`,然后图与`菜标`对应.  
`视图`是包含窗柄的窗口.`ATL/WTL`提供大量窗口类可作为视图.可封装`窗口和通用控件`为类来作为视图.把`CBitmapView变为CEdit`就是`文本编辑器`.

// 继承C++方法为来继承CAxWindow功能
    class CHtmlView : public CWindowImpl<CHtmlView, CAxWindow>
    { 
    public:
    // 继承Windows方法来预处理Windows消息,两个继承
        DECLARE_WND_SUPERCLASS(NULL, CAxWindow::GetWndClassName())
        BEGIN_MSG_MAP(CHtmlView)
        ...
        END_MSG_MAP()
    CHtmlView()
    { 
        AtlAxWinInit(); // 初始化控件宿主(在atlhost.h定义)
    }
    LRESULT CMainFrame::OnCreate(UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM, BOOL&)
    { 
        // 创建该视图(m_view 的类型是CHtmlView)
        m_hWndClient = m_view.Create(m_hWnd, rcDefault, "http://www.microsoft.com",
        WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE, WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE);
        return 0;//打开页面
    }
    };

`c++/窗口`就是超类化.  
`CRecentDocumentList`提供全功能`最近文档`.用`文件菜单句柄`初化它.

LRESULT CMainFrame::OnCreate(UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM, BOOL&)
    { 
        ...
        m_mru.SetMenuHandle(GetMenu().GetSubMenu(0));
        m_mru.ReadFromRegistry(_T("Software\\MyCompany\\MyCoolApp"));
        m_mru.SetMaxEntries(16);
        ...
    }

打开文件,加至列表,用宏来处理区间,取文档名,移到最上,从中删除.写至注册表.  
`多线程SDI`.`每个线程都有独立消息队列`,能处理和分发消息.线管很重要.  
顶级窗口及子窗口运行在`线程`,`UI线程`有自己`消息队列`,这样每个顶级窗口,就像独立应用.  
设计线管:`每线程一窗口`,保存线程数,保持命令参数和初化窗口大小.向导里面有.由`MsgWaitForMultipleObjects`来等待线程对象.有`WM_USER`时就产生新线程  
用`WM_USER`来代替特定消息,代码只用`主线程`来创建`界面`线程,`主线程`不创建窗口,因而不处理事件,所以不会有消息冲突.在`线管`中创建`框架`.`新`菜单`提交`用户信息来产生`新线程`.

LRESULT CMainFrame::OnFileNewWindow(WORD, WORD, HWND, BOOL&)
    { 
        ::PostThreadMessage(_Module.m_dwMainThreadID, WM_USER, 0, 0L);
        return 0;
    }

`多线程`一般是`单例`.

# 创建多子窗口 #

提供`CFramewindowImplBase`类来创建`mdi`程序.  
`WM_MDI`系列消息.  
子窗口,从`CMDIChildWindowImpl<CChildFrame>`继承.  
将`bHandled`置为假,由基类处理`窗消`.在`OnFinalMessage`消息中删除`自己`,释放资源.  
分隔窗口在`atlsplit.h`中定义,由`CSplitterImpl`提供.还应从`CWindowImpl/CMessageMap`继承,以处理消息.  
注意消除`调整大小`时的抖动,处理`WM_ERASEBKGND`时,屏蔽了`默认消息处理`,默认用`背景刷`删背景,带来抖动.返回`非0`,表示不再调用`默认`.  
`CSplitterWindowImpl`类处理了`背景和大小`消息,

template <class T, bool t_bVertical = true, class TBase = CWindow, class TWinTraits = CControlWinTraits>
    class ATL_NO_VTABLE CSplitterWindowImpl :
        public CWindowImpl<T,TBase,TWinTraits>,
        public CSplitterImpl<CSplitterWindowImpl<T,t_bVertical,TBase,TWinTraits>,t_bVertical>
    { 
    public:
        DECLARE_WND_CLASS_EX(NULL,CS_DBLCLKS,COLOR_WINDOW)
        typedef CSplitterWindowImpl<T,t_bVertical,TBase,TWinTraits>thisClass;
        typedef CSplitterImpl<CSplitterWindowImpl<T,t_bVertical,TBase,TWinTraits>,t_bVertical>baseClass;
        BEGIN_MSG_MAP(thisClass)//本类
            MESSAGE_HANDLER(WM_ERASEBKGND, OnEraseBackground)
            MESSAGE_HANDLER(WM_SIZE, OnSize)
            CHAIN_MSG_MAP(baseClass)//链入消息
            FORWARD_NOTIFICATIONS()//转发各种通知给父窗口
        END_MSG_MAP()
        LRESULT OnEraseBackground(UINT,WPARAM, LPARAM, BOOL&){ return 1;}
        LRESULT OnSize(UINT, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM, BOOL& bHandled)
        { 
            if(wParam != SIZE_MINIMIZED)
            SetSplitterRect();
            bHandled = FALSE;
            return 1;
        }
    };

可用`分割器`多层嵌套来分隔客户.也可包含句柄,然后动态切换视图.  
`atlgdi.h`中封装`gdi`,有`管理与不管理的`版本.区别是管理版`消灭所管对象`.如`CFontT`带个`极`模板参来区分是否管理.  
最重要的是`CDCT`对象,封装了`240`个方法,`覆盖了GDI和WGL`.  
`CPaintDC,CWindowDC,CClientDC和CEnhMetaFileDC`类,从管理版`CDC`继承.

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th align="left"><code>DC对象</code></th> 
   <th align="left">说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CPaintDC</code></td> 
   <td align="left">封装<code>PS(画结构)</code>,<code>BeginPaint/EndPaint</code>之间,用来<code>获取/释放DC</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CClientDC</code></td> 
   <td align="left">用<code>GetDC</code>和<code>ReleaseDC</code>来<code>获取/释放DC</code>,代表窗口客户区</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CWindowDC</code></td> 
   <td align="left">代表整个窗口,用<code>GetWindowDC和ReleaseDC</code>对获取释放.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CEnhMetaFileDC</code></td> 
   <td align="left">封装<code>HENHMETAFILE</code>构,用<code>CreateEnhMetaFile()和DeleteEnhMetaFile()</code>来处理<code>元文件</code></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

类似这样:

class CPaintDC : public CDC
    { 
    public:
        HWND m_hWnd;PAINTSTRUCT m_ps;
        CPaintDC(HWND hWnd){ 
            m_hWnd = hWnd;
            m_hDC = ::BeginPaint(hWnd, &m_ps);
        }//先画
        ~CPaintDC(){ 
            ::EndPaint(m_hWnd, &m_ps);//结束画
            Detach();//释放
        }
    };

如,管理位图:

class CBitmapView : public CWindowImpl<CBitmapView>
    { 
    public:
        CBitmapView()
        { 
            m_bmp.LoadBitmap(MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDB_ATLWINDOWING));
        }//加位图
        BEGIN_MSG_MAP(CBitmapView)
            MESSAGE_HANDLER(WM_PAINT, OnPaint)
        END_MSG_MAP()
        LRESULT OnPaint(UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM, BOOL&)
        { //画
            CPaintDC dc(m_hWnd);
            RECT rect;
            GetClientRect(&rect);
            CDC dcMem;
            dcMem.CreateCompatibleDC(dc);
            CBitmap bmpOld = dcMem.SelectBitmap(m_bmp);
            BITMAP bm;
            m_bmp.GetBitmap(&bm);
            SIZE size = {  bm.bmWidth, bm.bmHeight };
            dc.BitBlt(rect.left, rect.top, size.cx, size.cy, dcMem, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
            // 清除
            dcMem.SelectBitmap(bmpOld);
            return 0;
        }
    private:
        CBitmap m_bmp;
    };

wtl,还提供了`AtlGetStockBrush,AtlGetStockFont,AtlGetStockPalette,AtlGetStockPen,AtlLoadAccelerators,AtlLoadBitmap,AtlLoadBitmapImage,AtlLoadCursor和AtlLoadString`等辅助函数  
`CString等`最新的`wtl`已删.`atl`有.  
`DDX`用来交换`成员与窗口子控件`数据.通过`CWinDataExchange`,用`DoDataExchange`来实现.

BEGIN_DDX_MAP(CMainDlg)
    DDX_TEXT(IDC_STRING, m_sz)
    END_DDX_MAP()

开始映射.初化时调用`DoDataExchange()`(手动调用)即可.  
点击时,`DoDataExchange(TRUE)`同步.也可只传`标识`来同步单个控件.视图基于`listbox,edit,listview,treeview,richedit`等控件,  
`从资源中创建上下文菜单`主窗口处理`WM_CONTEXTMENU`.命令栏`CCommandBarCtrl`有个`TrackPopupMenu`方法来显示`环境`菜单.与`TrackPopupMenuEx(窗口接口)`一样,使用前`要加载菜单资源`.`CMenu和CMenuHandle`.有`Handle`的要自己处理.  
`视图窗口`来的`环境`消息,则在`主框架`中处理.  
`CScrollImpl和CScrollWindowImpl`为滚动窗口实现.及`CMapScrollImpl和CMapScrollWindowImpl`,支持`映射`模式.为全屏窗口增加消息映射.支持`映射模式`允许你易用`坐标系统和单位`,来填充你内容.  
你要:`设置内容大小,绘画`.你必须处理`WM_PAINT`.或你需要绘制`窗口哪部分`.置`SetScrollSize`,并实现`DoPaint`方法.用`SetScrollSize()`设置滚动区域大小.  
改变内容时,调用`SetScrollSize`.

LRESULT CScrollImpl::OnPaint(UINT, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM, BOOL&)
    { 
        T* pT = static_cast<T*>(this);//转
        ATLASSERT(::IsWindow(pT->m_hWnd));
        if(wParam != NULL)
        {  // HDC是这时传入的.
            CDCHandle dc = (HDC)wParam;
            dc.SetViewportOrg(-m_ptOffset.x, -m_ptOffset.y);//置神器
            pT->DoPaint(dc);//绘画
        }
        else
        { 
            CPaintDC dc(pT->m_hWnd);
            dc.SetViewportOrg(-m_ptOffset.x, -m_ptOffset.y);
            pT->DoPaint(CDCHandle(dc));
        }
        return 0;
    }
    class CBitmapView : public CScrollWindowImpl<CBitmapView>
    { //具体类
    ...
        void DoPaint(CDCHandle dc)//参数
        { 
            if(!m_bmp.IsNull())
            { 
                CDC dcMem;
                dcMem.CreateCompatibleDC(dc);
                HBITMAP hBmpOld = dcMem.SelectBitmap(m_bmp);
                dc.BitBlt(0, 0, m_size.cx, m_size.cy, dcMem, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
                dcMem.SelectBitmap(hBmpOld);
            }
        }
        ...
    };

用`CFileDialog`来取文件.

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th align="left"><code>WTL封装类名</code></th> 
   <th align="left">相应地Win32函数名</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CFileDialog</code></td> 
   <td align="left"><code>GetOpenFileName/GetSaveFileName</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CFolderDialog</code></td> 
   <td align="left">SHBrowseForFolder</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CFontDialog</code></td> 
   <td align="left">ChooseFont</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CRichEditFontDialog</code></td> 
   <td align="left">ChooseFont</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CColorDialog</code></td> 
   <td align="left">ChooseColor</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CPrintDialog</code></td> 
   <td align="left">PrintDlg</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CPrintDialogEx</code></td> 
   <td align="left">PrintDlgEx</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CPageSetupDialog</code></td> 
   <td align="left">PageSetupDlg</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CFindReplaceDialog</code></td> 
   <td align="left"><code>FindText/ReplaceText</code></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

需要更加定制化对话框时,要`勾挂`.一般用缺省值.用`DoModal`来生成通用.  
你可从他们`简单派生类,并实现消息映射,重载函数,或定制对话框行为`

class CListBox : CWindow
    { 
    public:
        void ResetContent()
        { 
            ::SendMessage(m_hWnd, LB_RESETCONTENT, 0, 0L);
        }
        int InsertString(int nIndex, LPCTSTR lpszItem)
        { 
            return (int)::SendMessage(m_hWnd, LB_INSERTSTRING, nIndex, (LPARAM)lpszItem);
        }
        int SetCurSel(int nSelect)
        { 
            return (int)::SendMessage(m_hWnd, LB_SETCURSEL, nSelect, 0L);
        }
        int SetTopIndex(int nIndex)
        { 
            return (int)::SendMessage(m_hWnd, LB_SETTOPINDEX, nIndex, 0L);
        }
        ...
    };

`wtl`封装控件:

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th align="left"><code>WTL封装类名</code></th> 
   <th align="left">相应Win32窗口类</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CStatic</code></td> 
   <td align="left">STATIC</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CButton</code></td> 
   <td align="left">BUTTON</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CListBox</code></td> 
   <td align="left">LISTBOX</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CComboBox</code></td> 
   <td align="left">COMBOBOX</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CEdit</code></td> 
   <td align="left">EDIT</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CScrollBar</code></td> 
   <td align="left">SCROLLBAR</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CToolTipCtrl</code></td> 
   <td align="left">tooltips_class32</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CListViewCtrl</code></td> 
   <td align="left">SysListView32</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CTreeViewCtrl</code></td> 
   <td align="left">SysTreeView32</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CHeaderCtrl</code></td> 
   <td align="left">SysHeader32</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CToolBarCtrl</code></td> 
   <td align="left">ToolbarWindow32</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CStatusBarCtrl</code></td> 
   <td align="left">msctls_statusbar32</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CTabCtrl</code></td> 
   <td align="left">SysTabControl32</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CTrackBarCtrl</code></td> 
   <td align="left">msctls_trackbar32</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CUpDownCtrl</code></td> 
   <td align="left">msctls_updown32</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CProgressBarCtrl</code></td> 
   <td align="left">msctls_progress32</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CHotKeyCtrl</code></td> 
   <td align="left">msctls_hotkey32</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CAnimateCtrl</code></td> 
   <td align="left">SysAnimate32</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CRichEditCtrl</code></td> 
   <td align="left">RichEdit20A<code>/</code>RichEdit20W</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CDragListBox</code></td> 
   <td align="left">LISTBOX</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CReBarCtrl</code></td> 
   <td align="left">ReBarWindow32</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CComboBoxEx</code></td> 
   <td align="left">ComboBoxEx32</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CDateTimePickerCtrl</code></td> 
   <td align="left">SysDateTimePick32</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CMonthCalendarCtrl</code></td> 
   <td align="left">SysMonthCal32</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CIPAddressCtrl</code></td> 
   <td align="left">SysIPAddress32</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><code>CPagerCtrl</code></td> 
   <td align="left">SysPager</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

具`mru列表`的列表框

class CMruList : public CWindowImpl<CMruList, CListBox>//这里继承mru与列表框.
    { //CWindow基类不做任何事
    public:
        SIZE m_size;
        CMruList(){ 
            m_size.cx = 200;
            m_size.cy = 150;
        }
        HWND Create(HWND hWndParent)
        { 
            CWindowImpl<CMruList, CListBox>::Create(hWndParent, rcDefault, NULL,WS_POPUP | WS_THICKFRAME | WS_CLIPCHILDREN | WS_CLIPSIBLINGS |WS_VSCROLL | LBS_NOINTEGRALHEIGHT, WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE);
            if(IsWindow())
                SetFont(AtlGetStockFont(DEFAULT_GUI_FONT));
            return m_hWnd;
        }
        BOOL BuildList(CRecentDocumentList& mru)
        { 
            ATLASSERT(IsWindow());
            ResetContent();
            int nSize = mru.m_arrDocs.GetSize();
            for(int i = 0; i < nSize; i++)
                InsertString(0, mru.m_arrDocs[i].szDocName); // 文档名以相反的顺序存放在数组中
            if(nSize > 0)
            { 
                SetCurSel(0);
                SetTopIndex(0);
            }
            return TRUE;
        }
        BOOL ShowList(int x, int y)
        { 
            return SetWindowPos(NULL, x, y, m_size.cx, m_size.cy, SWP_NOZORDER | SWP_SHOWWINDOW);
        }
        void HideList()
        { 
            RECT rect;
            GetWindowRect(&rect);
            m_size.cx = rect.right - rect.left;
            m_size.cy = rect.bottom - rect.top;
            ShowWindow(SW_HIDE);
        }
        void FireCommand()
        { 
            int nSel = GetCurSel();
            if(nSel != LB_ERR)
            { 
                ::SetFocus(GetParent()); // 将隐藏该窗口
                ::SendMessage(GetParent(), WM_COMMAND,
                MAKEWPARAM((WORD)(ID_FILE_MRU_FIRST + nSel), LBN_DBLCLK), (LPARAM)m_hWnd);
            }
        }
        BEGIN_MSG_MAP(CMruList)
            MESSAGE_HANDLER(WM_KEYDOWN, OnKeyDown)
            MESSAGE_HANDLER(WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK, OnLButtonDblClk)
            MESSAGE_HANDLER(WM_KILLFOCUS, OnKillFocus)
            MESSAGE_HANDLER(WM_NCHITTEST, OnNcHitTest)
        END_MSG_MAP()
        LRESULT OnKeyDown(UINT, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM, BOOL& bHandled)
        { 
            if(wParam == VK_RETURN)
                FireCommand();
            else
                bHandled = FALSE;
            return 0;
        }
        LRESULT OnLButtonDblClk(UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM, BOOL&)
        { 
            FireCommand();
            return 0;
        }
        LRESULT OnKillFocus(UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM, BOOL&)
        { 
            HideList();
            return 0;
        }
        LRESULT OnNcHitTest(UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam, BOOL&)
        { 
            LRESULT lRet = DefWindowProc(uMsg, wParam, lParam);
            switch(lRet)
            { 
                case HTLEFT:
                case HTTOP:
                case HTTOPLEFT:
                case HTTOPRIGHT:
                case HTBOTTOMLEFT:
                lRet = HTCLIENT; //这里不允许重新调整大小
                break;
                default:
                break;
            }
            return lRet;
        }
    };

`C++`继承同样作用于`Win32`超类,允许我们在之前处理`LISTBOX`类窗口消息或替代`LISTBOX`来处理它

# 打印与打印预览 #

`CPrintJob`提供一个`StartPrintJob`方法.后台打印,将调用`默认打印设置`.要传送支持`IPrintJobInfo`接口对象.  
`IPrintJobInfo`是`C++`接口,由`CPrintJob`调用.wtl有`CPrintJobInfo`类,除了`PrintPage`都实现了.  
你完全可在页基础定制打印,如,为不同页提供不同打印机.`CDevModeT,CPrinterT,CPrinterDC和CPrinterInfo`类来帮助打印.  
创建`CPrintJob`对象,调用其`StartPrintJob`方法.传递`CPrintJobInfo`派生类,还有两个配置页面:`CPrintDialog和CPageSetup`.处理命令中:`ID_FILE_PRINT和ID_FILE_PAGE_SETUP`

LRESULT CMainFrame::OnFilePrint(WORD, WORD, HWND, BOOL&)
    { 
        CPrintDialog dlg(FALSE);
        dlg.m_pd.hDevMode = m_devmode.CopyToHDEVMODE();
        dlg.m_pd.hDevNames = m_printer.CopyToHDEVNAMES();
        dlg.m_pd.nMinPage = 1;
        dlg.m_pd.nMaxPage = 1;
        if(dlg.DoModal() == IDOK)
        { 
            m_devmode.CopyFromHDEVMODE(dlg.m_pd.hDevMode);
            m_printer.ClosePrinter();
            m_printer.OpenPrinter(dlg.m_pd.hDevNames, m_devmode.m_pDevMode);
            CPrintJob job;
            job.StartPrintJob(false, m_printer, m_devmode.m_pDevMode, this, _T("BmpView Document"), 0, 0);
        }
        ::GlobalFree(dlg.m_pd.hDevMode);
        ::GlobalFree(dlg.m_pd.hDevNames);
        return 0;
    }
    LRESULT CMainFrame::OnFilePageSetup(WORD, WORD, HWND, BOOL&)
    { 
        CPageSetupDialog dlg;
        dlg.m_psd.hDevMode = m_devmode.CopyToHDEVMODE();
        dlg.m_psd.hDevNames = m_printer.CopyToHDEVNAMES();
        dlg.m_psd.rtMargin = m_rcMargin;
        if(dlg.DoModal() == IDOK)
        { 
            if(m_bPrintPreview)
                 TogglePrintPreview(); // 稍后...
            m_devmode.CopyFromHDEVMODE(dlg.m_psd.hDevMode);
            m_printer.ClosePrinter();
            m_printer.OpenPrinter(dlg.m_psd.hDevNames, m_devmode.m_pDevMode);
            m_rcMargin = dlg.m_psd.rtMargin;
        }
        ::GlobalFree(dlg.m_psd.hDevMode);
        ::GlobalFree(dlg.m_psd.hDevNames);
        return 0;
    }

支持`CPrintPreview,CPrintPreviewWindowImpl和CPrintPreviewWindow`,处理消息增加更多特性.  
`CPrintJob`不同线程后台处理.处理中,取消打印.后台打印,调用`StartPrintJob`后立即返回.类似协程了.属性有多个类别,可显示`属性页`.  
`属性对话框`.一种`HWND`,一种`模板窗口`,一个`使用`类.  
更新`界面`元素,来表明当前状态.  
`过滤消息`是窗口间路由消息的便利方法.在`翻译/分发`消息前处理.这里`处理消息`很方便.  
应用程序可`管理消息循环/线程`,实现多线程`SDI`应用时,很方便.  
预翻译消息调用遍历本线程`CMessageFilter`类的实现列表.返回`真`,表示已预处理,不用再分发了.`假`,则再`分发`.主框架从`CMessageFilter`继承.主框架先问`基类`,再问`视图`是否处理.想在`无模式`对话框中`IsDialogMessage`,

class CMyModelessDlg : public CDialogImpl<CMyModelessDlg>,public CMessageFilter
    { //对话框.
    public:
        CMyModelessDlg()
        { 
            _Module.GetMessageLoop()->AddMessageFilter(this);
        }
        ~CMyModelessDlg()
        { 
            _Module.GetMessageLoop()->RemoveMessageFilter(this);
        }//加,删
        virtual BOOL PreTranslateMessage(MSG* pmsg)
        { //预翻译
            return IsDialogMessage(m_hWnd, pmsg);
        }
        ...
    };

过滤消息的最好方法是任何对象可过滤消息,他们可在空闲时加入和删除.`消息队列为空`时,就是空闲.  
通过注册自己来`过滤消息`.  
任何对象可注册`自身`为空闲处理,然后做喜欢之事.  
`更新界面`.其`宏映射`指出要映射哪些界面,一个标识加更新的位置.  
用WTL,在控件中代替`WM_INITMENUPOPUP`消息`和/或`自己空闲处理.`1,登记.2,空闲时更新界面`,状态改变时,才访问`实际控件`.  
更新类支持方法:

BOOL UIEnable(int nID, BOOL bEnable, BOOL bForceUpdate = FALSE);
    BOOL UISetCheck(int nID, int nCheck, BOOL bForceUpdate = FALSE);
    BOOL UISetRadio(int nID, BOOL bRadio, BOOL bForceUpdate = FALSE);
    BOOL UISetText(int nID, LPCTSTR lpstr, BOOL bForceUpdate = FALSE);
    BOOL UIUpdateMenuBar(BOOL bForceUpdate = FALSE, BOOL bMain = FALSE);
    BOOL UIUpdateToolBar(BOOL bForceUpdate = FALSE);
    BOOL UIUpdateStatusBar(BOOL bForceUpdate = FALSE);
    BOOL UIUpdateChildWindows(BOOL bForceUpdate = FALSE);
    BOOL UISetState(int nID, DWORD dwState);
    DWORD UIGetState(int nID);

消息处理函数中`分解消息`.

m_CmdBar.TrackPopupMenu(...,GET_X_LPARAM(lParam),GET_Y_LPARAM(lParam));

在`atlcrack`中有`消息宏/分解宏/通知宏`.放在`消息映射`中,必须用`BEGIN_MSG_MAP_EX`,其分解`消息`给`处理函数`,并指出是否处理.用`SetMessageHandled(真/假)`来指定是否处理某个函数.

class CMyWindow : public CWindowImpl<CMyWindow>
    { 
    public:
        BEGIN_MSG_MAP_EX(CMyWindow)
            MSG_WM_CREATE(OnCreate)
            MSG_WM_SIZE(OnSize)
        END_MSG_MAP()
        int OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpCreateStruct)
        { 
            ...
            return 0;
        }
        void OnSize(UINT nType, CSize size)
        { 
            if(nType != SIZE_MINIMIZED) ...
        }//麻烦,就是要看宏的原型,来找(函数参数)
    };