每天一个Linux命令（1）：ls

今天药忘吃喽~ 2022-10-04 15:45 288阅读 0赞

# 介绍： #

ls（英文全拼：list files）命令用于显示指定工作目录下之内容（列出目前工作目录所含之文件及子目录)。

# 语法： #

ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
    ls  [参数]  [目录名]

常用参数：

*  \-a 显示所有文件及目录 (. 开头的隐藏文件也会列出)
 *  \-l 除文件名称外，亦将文件型态、权限、拥有者、文件大小等资讯详细列出
 *  \-r 将文件以相反次序显示(原定依英文字母次序)
 *  \-t 将文件依建立时间之先后次序列出
 *  \-A 同 -a ，但不列出 “.” (目前目录) 及 “…” (父目录)
 *  \-F 在列出的文件名称后加一符号；例如可执行档则加 “\*”, 目录则加 “/”
 *  \-R 若目录下有文件，则以下之文件亦皆依序列出
 *  \-S 以文件大小排序显示，默认从大到小 -r后，从小到大
 *  \-U 按存放顺序排序显示
 *  \-X 按扩展名的首字母来排序
 *  \-d 不展开目录，只显示目录自身，一般与-l配合使用以显示目录自身的属性信息（只显示当前目录的内容）

# 实例： #

[root@localhost ~]# ls /
    bin  blog  boot  data  datavolume  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

2.使用长清单模式来列出文件和目录，可以详细的看出文件或文件夹的大小、权限、时间戳、所有者等信息  
可以直接使用ll，和ls -a相同

[root@localhost /]# ls -l
    total 72
    lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root     7 Jul 11  2019 bin -> usr/bin
    drwxr-xr-x   9 root root  4096 Oct 21 15:15 blog
    dr-xr-xr-x.  5 root root  4096 Jul  4  2020 boot
    drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Aug  4 16:43 data
    drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Dec 23 17:31 datavolume
    drwxr-xr-x  19 root root  2960 Jul  4  2020 dev
    drwxr-xr-x. 77 root root  4096 Jan  4 17:42 etc
    drwxr-xr-x.  6 root root  4096 Aug  4 16:32 home
    lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root     7 Jul 11  2019 lib -> usr/lib
    lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root     9 Jul 11  2019 lib64 -> usr/lib64
    drwx------.  2 root root 16384 Jul 11  2019 lost+found
    drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 media
    drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 mnt
    drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root  4096 Dec 15 14:37 opt
    dr-xr-xr-x  99 root root     0 Jul  4  2020 proc
    dr-xr-x---. 17 root root  4096 Jan 23 11:12 root
    drwxr-xr-x  26 root root   760 Dec 24 04:14 run
    lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root     8 Jul 11  2019 sbin -> usr/sbin
    drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 srv
    dr-xr-xr-x  13 root root     0 Dec 23 17:28 sys
    drwxrwxrwt.  8 root root  4096 Feb  2 03:29 tmp
    drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root  4096 Jul 11  2019 usr
    drwxr-xr-x. 19 root root  4096 Jun 18  2020 var

3.只显示root文件夹下的隐藏文件和目录，不显示正常文件，并且按照大小排序显示

[root@localhost /]# ls -dlS  /root/.*
    -rw-------   1 root root 24302 Jan 23 11:12 /root/.bash_history
    -rw-------   1 root root  7939 Jan 23 11:12 /root/.mysql_history
    -rw-------   1 root root  6718 Jan  9 16:19 /root/.viminfo
    dr-xr-x---. 17 root root  4096 Jan 23 11:12 /root/.
    dr-xr-xr-x. 21 root root  4096 Dec 23 17:25 /root/..
    drwxr-xr-x   4 root root  4096 Jun 18  2020 /root/.cache
    drwxr-xr-x   3 root root  4096 Jun 18  2020 /root/.cmake
    drwxr-xr-x   4 root root  4096 Sep  5 13:55 /root/.config
    drwx------   2 root root  4096 Dec 17 17:35 /root/.docker
    drwxr-xr-x   3 root root  4096 Jun 18  2020 /root/.local
    drwxr-xr-x   5 root root  4096 Oct  6 09:50 /root/.npm
    drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Jul 11  2019 /root/.pip
    drwxr-----   3 root root  4096 Jun 18  2020 /root/.pki
    drwx------   2 root root  4096 Sep  5 16:58 /root/.ssh
    -rw-r--r--   1 root root   205 Jun 18  2020 /root/.pydistutils.cfg
    -rw-r--r--   1 root root   187 Jun 18  2020 /root/.pearrc
    -rw-r--r--.  1 root root   176 Dec 29  2013 /root/.bash_profile
    -rw-r--r--.  1 root root   176 Dec 29  2013 /root/.bashrc
    -rw-r--r--.  1 root root   129 Dec 29  2013 /root/.tcshrc
    -rw-r--r--   1 root root   113 Oct  6 14:09 /root/.gitconfig
    -rw-r--r--.  1 root root   100 Dec 29  2013 /root/.cshrc
    -rw-------   1 root root    83 Dec  8 17:42 /root/.rediscli_history
    -rw-------   1 root root    45 Nov 18 15:38 /root/.git-credentials
    -rw-r--r--.  1 root root    18 Dec 29  2013 /root/.bash_logout

4.只列出根目录下的所有文件夹

[root@localhost /]# ls -dl */
    dr-xr-xr-x.  2 root root 32768 Jan  5 15:29 bin/
    drwxr-xr-x   9 root root  4096 Oct 21 15:15 blog/
    dr-xr-xr-x.  5 root root  4096 Jul  4  2020 boot/
    drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Aug  4 16:43 data/
    drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Dec 23 17:31 datavolume/
    drwxr-xr-x  19 root root  2960 Jul  4  2020 dev/
    drwxr-xr-x. 77 root root  4096 Jan  4 17:42 etc/
    drwxr-xr-x.  6 root root  4096 Aug  4 16:32 home/
    dr-xr-xr-x. 31 root root  4096 Dec  8 15:59 lib/
    dr-xr-xr-x. 45 root root 36864 Dec 15 14:33 lib64/
    drwx------.  2 root root 16384 Jul 11  2019 lost+found/
    drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 media/
    drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 mnt/
    drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root  4096 Dec 15 14:37 opt/
    dr-xr-xr-x  99 root root     0 Jul  4  2020 proc/
    dr-xr-x---. 17 root root  4096 Jan 23 11:12 root/
    drwxr-xr-x  26 root root   760 Dec 24 04:14 run/
    dr-xr-xr-x.  2 root root 12288 Jan 30 04:42 sbin/
    drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 srv/
    dr-xr-xr-x  13 root root     0 Dec 23 17:28 sys/
    drwxrwxrwt.  8 root root  4096 Feb  2 03:29 tmp/
    drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root  4096 Jul 11  2019 usr/
    drwxr-xr-x. 19 root root  4096 Jun 18  2020 var/

5.查找etc文件夹下，以d开头f结尾的文件

[root@localhost /]# ls -dl  /etc/m*f
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5171 Oct 31  2018 /etc/man_db.conf
    -rw-r--r--  1 root root  936 Apr  1  2020 /etc/mke2fs.conf
    -rw-r--r--  1 root root 1008 Jan  4 17:42 /etc/my.cnf

6.查找bin文件夹下以d开头的文件，并且按照建立时间排序，越新的排在后面

[root@localhost /]# ls -ltr /bin/d*
    -rwxr-xr-x  1 root root     45392 Jun 10  2014 /bin/dc
    -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root     96760 Jun 10  2014 /bin/dbus-binding-tool
    ...
    -rwxr-xr-x  1 root root     62200 Aug 20  2019 /bin/date
    -rwxr-xr-x  1 root root     57137 Apr  1  2020 /bin/dracut
    -rwxr-xr-x  1 root root     49680 Apr  1  2020 /bin/dmesg
    -rwxr-xr-x  1 root root   3177968 May 12  2020 /bin/dwp
    -rwxr-xr-x  1 root root      8071 May 13  2020 /bin/debuginfo-install
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root         8 Jul  4  2020 /bin/dnsdomainname -> hostname
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root         8 Jul  4  2020 /bin/domainname -> hostname
    -rwxr-xr-x  1 root root      3858 Dec 15 12:30 /bin/dockerd-rootless.sh
    -rwxr-xr-x  1 root root     12607 Dec 15 12:30 /bin/dockerd-rootless-setuptool.sh
    -rwxr-xr-x  1 root root   3741648 Dec 15 12:35 /bin/docker-proxy
    -rwxr-xr-x  1 root root 116277624 Dec 15 12:37 /bin/dockerd
    -rwxr-xr-x  1 root root    849104 Dec 15 12:37 /bin/docker-init
    -rwxr-xr-x  1 root root  71620680 Dec 15 12:38 /bin/docker

7.查看当前文件夹下的详细信息，并隐藏用户和用户组

[root@localhost /]# ls -lgG
    total 72
    lrwxrwxrwx.   1     7 Jul 11  2019 bin -> usr/bin
    drwxr-xr-x    9  4096 Oct 21 15:15 blog
    dr-xr-xr-x.   5  4096 Jul  4  2020 boot
    drwxr-xr-x    2  4096 Aug  4 16:43 data
    drwxr-xr-x    2  4096 Dec 23 17:31 datavolume
    drwxr-xr-x   19  2960 Jul  4  2020 dev
    drwxr-xr-x.  77  4096 Jan  4 17:42 etc
    drwxr-xr-x.   6  4096 Aug  4 16:32 home
    lrwxrwxrwx.   1     7 Jul 11  2019 lib -> usr/lib
    lrwxrwxrwx.   1     9 Jul 11  2019 lib64 -> usr/lib64
    drwx------.   2 16384 Jul 11  2019 lost+found
    drwxr-xr-x.   2  4096 Apr 11  2018 media
    drwxr-xr-x.   2  4096 Apr 11  2018 mnt
    drwxr-xr-x.   3  4096 Dec 15 14:37 opt
    dr-xr-xr-x  100     0 Jul  4  2020 proc
    dr-xr-x---.  17  4096 Jan 23 11:12 root
    drwxr-xr-x   26   760 Dec 24 04:14 run
    lrwxrwxrwx.   1     8 Jul 11  2019 sbin -> usr/sbin
    drwxr-xr-x.   2  4096 Apr 11  2018 srv
    dr-xr-xr-x   13     0 Dec 23 17:28 sys
    drwxrwxrwt.   8  4096 Feb  2 03:29 tmp
    drwxr-xr-x.  13  4096 Jul 11  2019 usr
    drwxr-xr-x.  19  4096 Jun 18  2020 var

如果有记不住的参数，也可以通过ls –help或者man ls来查看帮助信息