PHP5.3, PHP5.4, PHP5.5新特性

以你之姓@ 2022-08-07 06:57 142阅读 0赞

因为用到PHP新版本，一些新特性必须要了解，且有些可以在开发时就使用，如果不使用，那么何必升级PHP版本呢，显得有些得不偿失了！  
所以整理了一下 一些特性，有可能不全，待添加

**PHP 5.3中的新特性**

一．PHP 5.3中的新特性  
1. 支持命名空间 （Namespace）  
2. 支持延迟静态绑定（Late Static Binding）  
3. 支持goto语句  
4. 支持闭包、Lambda/Anonymous函数  
5. 新增两个魔术方法\_\_callStatic()和\_\_invoke()  
6. 新增Nowdoc语法  
7. 在类外也可使用const来定义常量  
8. 三元运算符增加了一个快捷书写方式：  
9. HTTP状态码在200-399范围内均被认为访问成功  
10.支持动态调用静态方法

1.支持命名空间 （Namespace）  
毫无疑问，命名空间是PHP5.3所带来的最重要的新特性。有了命名空间的概念，在开发大型站点时，就比较容易设计出灵活的结构，同时避免不同包中的类名或变量名产生冲突。

在PHP5.3之前，惯例的划分Package的办法是通过目录名来分隔代码文件，代码中的类名则用下划线\_来表示目录。例如

这样的命名方式被PEAR、Zend Framework及各种PHP项目广泛采用。虽然该方法可以避免不同包或类库中的类名产生冲突，但在书写代码的时候显得较为麻烦和笨拙。  
在PHP5.3中，则只需要指定不同的命名空间即可，命名空间的分隔符为反斜杆\\。  
select.php

这样即使其它命名空间下存在名为Select的类，程序在调用时也不会产生冲突。代码的可读性也有所增加。  
调用方法  
call.php

2.支持延迟静态绑定（Late Static Binding）  
在PHP5中，我们可以在类中通过self关键字或者\_\_CLASS\_\_来判断或调用当前类。但有一个问题，如果我们是在子类中调用，得到的结果将是父类。因为在继承父类的时候，静态成员就已经被绑定了。 例如：

以上代码输出的结果是：  
A  
这和我们的预期不同，我们原来想得到子类的相应结果。  
PHP 5.3.0中增加了一个static关键字来引用当前类，即实现了延迟静态绑定：

以上代码输出的结果是：  
B  
3.支持goto语句  
多数计算机程序设计语言中都支持无条件转向语句goto，当程序执行到goto语句时，即转向由goto语句中的标号指出的程序位置继续执行。尽管goto语句有可能会导致程序流程不清晰，可读性减弱，但在某些情况下具有其独特的方便之处，例如中断深度嵌套的循环和 if 语句。

4.支持闭包、Lambda/Anonymous函数  
闭包（Closure）函数和Lambda函数的概念来自于函数编程领域。例如JavaScript 是支持闭包和 lambda 函数的最常见语言之一。

在PHP中，我们也可以通过create\_function()在代码运行时创建函数。但有一个问题：创建的函数仅在运行时才被编译，而不与其它代码同时被编译成执行码，因此我们无法使用类似APC这样的执行码缓存来提高代码执行效率。

在PHP5.3中，我们可以使用Lambda/匿名函数来定义一些临时使用（即用即弃型）的函数，以作为array\_map()/array\_walk()等函数的回调函数。

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   <td style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:top!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:3em!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(175,175,175)!important"> <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.3em 0px 0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; text-align:right!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:2.7em!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; display:block!important">16</code></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0px 0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 0px 0px 3px!important; border-left-style:solid!important; border-left-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:top!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important"> <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(170,119,0)!important">$total</code>&nbsp;<code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important">+= (</code><code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(170,119,0)!important">$pricePerItem</code>&nbsp;<code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important">*&nbsp;</code><code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(170,119,0)!important">$quantity</code><code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important">) * (</code><code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(170,119,0)!important">$tax</code>&nbsp;<code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important">+ 1.0);</code></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

5. 新增两个魔术方法\_\_callStatic()和\_\_invoke()  
PHP中原本有一个魔术方法\_\_call()，当代码调用对象的某个不存在的方法时该魔术方法会被自动调用。新增的\_\_callStatic()方法则只用于静态类方法。当尝试调用类中不存在的静态方法时，\_\_callStatic()魔术方法将被自动调用。

<table style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; border-collapse:collapse!important"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important"> 
  <tr style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important"> 
   <td style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:top!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:3em!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(175,175,175)!important"> <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.3em 0px 0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; text-align:right!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:2.7em!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; display:block!important">11</code></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0px 0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 0px 0px 3px!important; border-left-style:solid!important; border-left-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:top!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important"> <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-weight:bold!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important">public</code>&nbsp;<code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-weight:bold!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important">static</code>&nbsp;<code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-weight:bold!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important">function</code>&nbsp;<code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important">__callStatic(</code><code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(170,119,0)!important">$name</code><code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important">,&nbsp;</code><code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(170,119,0)!important">$arguments</code><code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important">) { </code></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

以上代码执行后输出如下：  
调用对象方法’runTest’ –- 通过对象调用调用静态方法’runTest’ –- 静态调用  
以函数形式来调用对象时，\_\_invoke()方法将被自动调用。

<table style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; border-collapse:collapse!important"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important"> 
  <tr style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important"> 
   <td style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:top!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:3em!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(175,175,175)!important"> <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.3em 0px 0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; text-align:right!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:2.7em!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; display:block!important">11</code></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0px 0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 0px 0px 3px!important; border-left-style:solid!important; border-left-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:top!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important"> <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-weight:bold!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important">public</code>&nbsp;<code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-weight:bold!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important">static</code>&nbsp;<code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-weight:bold!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important">function</code>&nbsp;<code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important">__callStatic(</code><code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(170,119,0)!important">$name</code><code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important">,&nbsp;</code><code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(170,119,0)!important">$arguments</code><code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; outline:0px!important; float:none!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; position:static!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; height:auto!important; width:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important">) { </code></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

6.新增Nowdoc语法  
用法和Heredoc类似，但使用单引号。Heredoc则需要通过使用双引号来声明。  
Nowdoc中不会做任何变量解析，非常适合于传递一段PHP代码。

支持通过Heredoc来初始化静态变量、类成员和类常量。

7. 在类外也可使用const来定义常量  
PHP中定义常量通常是用这种方式：

并且新增了一种常量定义方式：

8. 三元运算符增加了一个快捷书写方式

原本格式为是(expr1) ? (expr2) : (expr3)  
如果expr1结果为True，则返回expr2的结果。

PHP5.3新增一种书写方式，可以省略中间部分，书写为expr1 ?: expr3  
如果expr1结果为True,则返回expr1的结果  
9. HTTP状态码在200-399范围内均被认为访问成功  
10.支持动态调用静态方法

11. 支持嵌套处理异常(Exception)  
12. 新的垃圾收集器（GC），并默认启用

二．PHP5.3中其它值得注意的改变  
1. 修复了大量bug  
2. PHP性能提高  
3. php.ini中可使用变量  
4. mysqlnd进入核心扩展 理论上说该扩展访问mysql速度会较之前的MySQL 和 MySQLi 扩展快（参见http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/php-mysqlnd/）  
5. ext/phar、ext/intl、ext/fileinfo、ext/sqlite3和ext/enchant等扩展默认随PHP绑定发布。其中Phar可用于打包PHP程序，类似于Java中的jar机制。  
6. ereg 正则表达式函数 不再默认可用，请使用速度更快的PCRE 正则表达式函数

**PHP 5.4中的新特性**

1. Buid-in web server内置了一个简单的Web服务器  
把当前目录作为Root Document只需要这条命令即可:  
\# php -S localhost:3300  
也可以指定其它路径：  
\# php -S localhost:3300 -t /path/to/root  
还可以指定路由：  
\# php -S localhost:3300 router.php

2.Traits  
Traits提供了一种灵活的代码重用机制，即不像interface一样只能定义方法但不能实现，又不能像class一样只能单继承。至于在实践中怎样使用，还需要深入思考。  
魔术常量为\_\_TRAIT\_\_

3. Short array syntax 数组简短语法

4. Array dereferencing 数组值

5. Upload progress

Session提供了上传进度支持，通过$\_SESSION\["upload\_progress\_name"\]就可以获得当前文件上传的进度信息，结合Ajax就能很容易实现上传进度条了。

6. JsonSerializable Interface  
实现了JsonSerializable接口的类的实例在json\_encode序列化的之前会调用jsonSerialize方法，而不是直接序列化对象的属性。

7. Use mysqlnd by default

8.实例化类

9.支持 Class::\{expr\}() 语法

10.Callable typehint

11.函数类型提示的增强

12.新增加了$\_SERVER\["REQUEST\_TIME\_FLOAT"\]，这个是用来统计服务请求时间的，并用ms来表示

13. 让Json更懂中文(JSON\_UNESCAPED\_UNICODE)

14. 二进制直接量(binary number format)

PHP 5.4.0 性能大幅提升， 修复超过100个bug.  
废除了register\_globals, magic\_quotes以及安全模式。  
另外值得一提的是多字节支持已经默认启用了，  
default\_charset从ISO-8859-1已经变为UTF-8.  
默认发送“Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8”，  
你再也不需要在HTML里写meta tag，也无需为UTF-8兼容而传送额外的header了。

**删除的特性**  
最后，我们集中整理了几年来标记为已弃用的多个特性。这些特性包括 allow\_call\_time\_pass\_reference、define\_syslog\_variables、highlight.bg、register\_globals、register\_long\_arrays、magic\_quotes、safe\_mode、zend.ze1\_compatibility\_mode、session.bug\_compat42、session.bug\_compat\_warn 以及 y2k\_compliance。  
除了这些特性之外，magic\_quotes 可能是最大的危险。在早期版本中，未考虑因 magic\_quotes 出错导致的后果，简单编写且未采取任何举措使自身免受 SQL 注入攻击的应用程序都通过 magic\_quotes 来保护。如果在升级到 PHP 5.4 时未验证已采取正确的 SQLi 保护措施，则可能导致安全漏洞。

**其他改动和特性**  
有一种新的“可调用的”类型提示，用于某方法采用回调作为参数的情况。  
htmlspecialchars() 和 htmlentities() 现在可更好地支持亚洲字符，如果未在 php.ini 文件中显式设置 PHP default\_charset，这两个函数默认使用 UTF-8 而不是 ISO-8859-1。  
会话 ID 现在默认通过 /dev/urandom（或等效文件）中的熵生成，而不是与早期版本一样成为必须显式启用的一个选项。  
mysqlnd 这一捆绑的 MySQL 原生驱动程序库现在默认用于与 MySQL 通信的各种扩展，除非在编译时通过 ./configure 被显式覆盖。  
可能还有 100 个小的改动和特性。从 PHP 5.3 升级到 5.4 应该极为顺畅，但请阅读迁移指南加以确保。如果您从早期版本升级，执行的操作可能稍多一些。请查看以前的迁移指南再开始升级。

**PHP 5.5中的新特性**

新特性及提案列表 都相当大，而且不是按重要性排序。所以，如果你不想通读一遍的话，这里有四个特点我个人是最兴奋的:  
:一个简单的密码散列API  
:标量类型提示  
:Getter和Setter 　　  
:生成器  
现在，让我们来看看PHP5.5 可能会新增的功能：

1、放弃对Windows XP和2003 的支持

2.弃用e修饰符  
e修饰符是指示preg\_replace函数用来评估替换字符串作为PHP代码，而不只是仅仅做一个简单的字符串替换。不出所料，这种行为会源源不断的出现安全问题。这就是为什么在PHP5.5 中使用这个修饰符将抛出一个弃用警告。作为替代，你应该使用preg\_replace\_callback函数。你可以从RFC找到更多关于这个变化相应的信息。

3.新增函数和类

4.一个简单的密码散列API

5.新的语言特性和增强功能。

6.调用empty()函数(和其他表达式)一起工作  
目前，empty()语言构造只能用在变量，而不能在其他表达式。  
在特定的代码像empty($this->getFriends())将会抛出一个错误。作为PHP5.5 这将成为有效的代码

7.获取完整类别名称

8.参数跳跃

9.标量类型提示

10.Getter 和 Setter

11.生成器

12.列表解析和生成器表达式

13.finally关键字

14.foreach 支持list()