使用Maven创建Web项目

ゝ一纸荒年。 2022-07-26 05:06 217阅读 0赞

# 本文通过Maven完成一个简单的Web项目（注意，Spring配置不是重点，看看就行） #

## 1.从Maven模板创建Web应用程序 ##

命令格式如下：

mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId={ project-packaging} -DartifactId={ project-name} -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false

这就告诉Maven从**maven-archetype-webapp **这个模板来创建

友情提示：是不是太难记了..好吧，直接输入

mvn archetype:generate

根据向导来创建把。。

比如我这样写：

> mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.mkyong -DartifactId=CounterWebApp -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Building Maven Stub Project (No POM) 1 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] [INFO] Generating project in Batch mode [INFO] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-webapp:1.0 [INFO] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.mkyong [INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.mkyong [INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.mkyong [INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: CounterWebApp [INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: /Users/mkyong/Documents/workspace [INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: /Users/mkyong/Documents/workspace/CounterWebApp [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 3.147s [INFO] Finished at: Thu Dec 20 20:35:19 MYT 2012 [INFO] Final Memory: 12M/128M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

就创建了一个包名为com.mkyong,类名为CounterWebApp的项目了

## 2.Maven的Web程序目录结构 ##

标准的web.xml部署描述文件生成了

对结构有疑问的去[这里][Link 1]

生成的pom.xml文件如下

没啥疑问的。web.xml文件则如下：

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" > <web-app> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> </web-app>

index.jsp内容是：

<html> <body> <h2>Hello World!</h2> </body> </html>

##  3.转换以支持Eclipse ##

为了使Maven的web项目支持Eclipse，在命令行下，cd到CounterWebApp目录下，然后输入这个命令

mvn eclipse:eclipse -Dwtpversion=2.0

\-Dwtpversion=2.0参数是必需的，这个参数指明了是web项目，然后导入到eclipse里就行了。从导入的工程ico可以看出是个web项目

图一

[![eclipse-tomcat-server][]][eclipse-tomcat-server 1] [![final-folder][]][final-folder 1] [![project-structure][]][project-structure 1]

不要迷惑，如果我们只输入

mvn eclipse:eclipse

会转换成java项目，而不是web项目的。

好了，现在项目已经准备好部署了，eclipse里的tomcat server插件装好，然后启动项目

图二

[![eclipse-tomcat-server][]][eclipse-tomcat-server 1]

可以通过*http://localhost:8080/CounterWebApp/*地址来访问

## 4.更新pom文件 ##

为了使Maven项目支持Spring MVC框架，我们需要修改pom.xml文件

1.添加编译插件指定jdk6来编译

2.添加Spring框架依赖

3.升级JUnit到4.1.1

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.mkyong</groupId> <artifactId>CounterWebApp</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>CounterWebApp Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <spring.version>3.0.5.RELEASE</spring.version> <junit.version>4.11</junit.version> <jdk.version>1.6</jdk.version> </properties> <dependencies>  <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>${junit.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>CounterWebApp</finalName> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0</version> <configuration> <source>${jdk.version}</source> <target>${jdk.version}</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>

##  5.Spring MVC 松耦合 ##

创建Spring MVC控制器类，有两个方法，打印信息

package com.mkyong.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; @Controller @RequestMapping("/") public class BaseController { @RequestMapping(value="/welcome", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String welcome(ModelMap model) { model.addAttribute("message", "Maven Web Project + Spring 3 MVC - welcome()"); //Spring uses InternalResourceViewResolver and return back index.jsp return "index"; } @RequestMapping(value="/welcome/{name}", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String welcomeName(@PathVariable String name, ModelMap model) { model.addAttribute("message", "Maven Web Project + Spring 3 MVC - " + name); return "index"; } }

然后，创建Spring配置文件，定义视图解析器

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.mkyong.controller" /> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix"> <value>/WEB-INF/pages/</value> </property> <property name="suffix"> <value>.jsp</value> </property> </bean> </beans>

然后更新一下web.xml文件，通过Spring的监听器ContextLoaderListener把Spring框架集成进去

<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5"> <display-name>Counter Web Application</display-name> <servlet> <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name> <servlet-class> org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet </servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class> org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener </listener-class> </listener> </web-app>

然移动index.jsp到WEB-INF目录里，以防用户直接访问他，同时我们编辑，增加$\{message\}变量，也就是controller控制器传过来的值到页面

最终的页面结构是：

图三

[![final-folder][]][final-folder 1]

## 6.Eclipse+Tomcat ##

为了通过Eclipse的Tomcat插件开始/调试项目，需要再执行一次下面的命令，使得所有的依赖附加完成

mvn eclipse:eclipse -Dwtpversion=2.0

在没执行以前，项目依赖是空的

图四

[![web-deployment-assembly][]][web-deployment-assembly 1]

执行完以后，就都有了

图五

[![web-deployment-assembly-2][]][web-deployment-assembly-2 1]

重要！许多人就是没有第二次执行这个命令导致无法开始/调试，如果有问题，右击你的项目属性，看看依赖是否为空

## 7.Maven打包 ##

<project ...> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.mkyong</groupId> <artifactId>CounterWebApp</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

web项目打包成war。放在target目录

进入项目目录，执行一下就可以了

mvn package

然后把target目录的CountWebApp.war文件拷贝，并部署到你的web容器里就行了

## 8.Demo演示 ##

打开*http://localhost:8080/CounterWebApp/welcome*

可以看到

图六

[![demo1][]][demo1 1]

我们传个参数进去

*http://localhost:8080/CounterWebApp/welcome/mkyong*

就可以看到效果了

图七

[![demo2][]][demo2 1]

9.Demo下载

[CounterWebApp.zip][]

[Link 1]: http://maven.apache.org/guides/introduction/introduction-to-the-standard-directory-layout.html
[eclipse-tomcat-server]: http://ju.outofmemory.cn/imgr?src=http%3A%2F%2Fleaverimage.b0.upaiyun.com%2F2013%2F09%2Feclipse-tomcat-server.png&r=http%3A%2F%2Fleaver.me%2Farchives%2F3266.html
[eclipse-tomcat-server 1]: http://leaverimage.b0.upaiyun.com/2013/09/eclipse-tomcat-server.png
[final-folder]: http://ju.outofmemory.cn/imgr?src=http%3A%2F%2Fleaverimage.b0.upaiyun.com%2F2013%2F09%2Ffinal-folder.png&r=http%3A%2F%2Fleaver.me%2Farchives%2F3266.html
[final-folder 1]: http://leaverimage.b0.upaiyun.com/2013/09/final-folder.png
[project-structure]: http://ju.outofmemory.cn/imgr?src=http%3A%2F%2Fleaverimage.b0.upaiyun.com%2F2013%2F09%2Fproject-structure.png&r=http%3A%2F%2Fleaver.me%2Farchives%2F3266.html
[project-structure 1]: http://leaverimage.b0.upaiyun.com/2013/09/project-structure.png
[web-deployment-assembly]: http://ju.outofmemory.cn/imgr?src=http%3A%2F%2Fleaverimage.b0.upaiyun.com%2F2013%2F09%2Fweb-deployment-assembly.png&r=http%3A%2F%2Fleaver.me%2Farchives%2F3266.html
[web-deployment-assembly 1]: http://leaverimage.b0.upaiyun.com/2013/09/web-deployment-assembly.png
[web-deployment-assembly-2]: http://ju.outofmemory.cn/imgr?src=http%3A%2F%2Fleaverimage.b0.upaiyun.com%2F2013%2F09%2Fweb-deployment-assembly-2.png&r=http%3A%2F%2Fleaver.me%2Farchives%2F3266.html
[web-deployment-assembly-2 1]: http://leaverimage.b0.upaiyun.com/2013/09/web-deployment-assembly-2.png
[demo1]: http://ju.outofmemory.cn/imgr?src=http%3A%2F%2Fleaverimage.b0.upaiyun.com%2F2013%2F09%2Fdemo1.png&r=http%3A%2F%2Fleaver.me%2Farchives%2F3266.html
[demo1 1]: http://leaverimage.b0.upaiyun.com/2013/09/demo1.png
[demo2]: http://ju.outofmemory.cn/imgr?src=http%3A%2F%2Fleaverimage.b0.upaiyun.com%2F2013%2F09%2Fdemo2.png&r=http%3A%2F%2Fleaver.me%2Farchives%2F3266.html
[demo2 1]: http://leaverimage.b0.upaiyun.com/2013/09/demo2.png
[CounterWebApp.zip]: http://pan.baidu.com/share/link?shareid=579597800&uk=1493685990