mongodb用户安全认证详解

r囧r小猫 2022-07-16 13:50 313阅读 0赞

# mongodb用户安全认证详解 #

作者：[su377486][]

# 一..验证介绍 #

mongodb支持针对连接的用户验证,使用参数 auth打开验证功能:

[root@mongodb2 ~]# mongod -h |grep aut 1 
         
          --keyFile arg private key for cluster authentication 1 
         
          --noauth run without security 1 
         
          authentication. Alternatives are 1 
         
          --auth run with security 1 
         
          --autoresync automatically resync if slave data is 1

最好的策略是为每个人或者每个应用分配唯一的用户.

为用户创建或者使用内建的指定角色,然后将角色赋予给用户授权,遵循的原则是最小权限原则.mongodb不能直接将权限赋予给用户.

在打开auth之前需至少添加一个管理员用户,然后在添加其它的额外用户,否则mongodb将使用一个本地认证,以便让你可以创建一个管理员账户.

mongodb认证方式有多种,如password认证,kerberos认证,ldap认证等等,这里主要讲的是密码认证,也是用的最多的.

# 二.管理用户和角色 #

## 1.创建一个管理员用户 ##

在开启验证之前必须创建一个管理员用户,管理员用户拥有 userAdminAnyDatabase角色.此角色拥有管理用户的权限,注意此角色并不是最大权限的角色.

我们使用 db.createUser()来创建用户,下面例子我们创建一个管理员用户root,密码root:

>use admin ?db.createUser( { user: "root", pwd: "root", roles: [ { role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" } ] } ) 
         
          Successfully added user: { 1 
         
          "user" : "root", 1 
         
          "roles" : [ 1 
         
          { 1 
         
          "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", 1 
         
          "db" : "admin" 1 
         
          } 1 
         
          ] 1 
         
          } 1 
         
          mongos> 1

使用root来登录mongodb:

[root@mongodb3 ~]# mongo --port 37017 -u root -p root --authenticationDatabase admin 1

userAdminAnyDatabase角色拥有如下权限:

changeCustomData 1 
         
          changePassword 1 
         
          createRole 1 
         
          createUser 1 
         
          dropRole 1 
         
          dropUser 1 
         
          grantRole 1 
         
          revokeRole 1 
         
          viewRole 1 
         
          viewUser 1

## 2.创建一个超级管理员用户 ##

一些角色提供了间接的或者直接的超级管理员权限.如果一个用户拥有下面三个角色那么可以称之为超级管理员权限

下列角色提供了在任何数据库中分配任何用户权限的能力,这就意味着他们可以分配给自己任何数据库任何权限:

1. dbOwner role, when scoped to the admin database

2. userAdmin role, when scoped to the admin database

3. userAdminAnyDatabase role

例如我们创建一个suq用户,拥有三个角色:

db.createUser( 1 
         
          { 1 
         
          user: "suq", 1 
         
          pwd: "suq", 1 
         
          roles: [ 1 
         
          { role: "dbOwner", db: "admin" }, 1 
         
          { role: "userAdmin", db: "admin" }, 1 
         
          { role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" } 1 
         
          ] 1 
         
          } 1 
         
          ) 1

mongodb还直接提供了一个超级管理员角色root,例如我们创建一个admin用户为超级管理员:

use admin 1 
         
          db.createUser( 1 
         
          { 1 
         
          user: "admin", 1 
         
          pwd: "admin", 1 
         
          roles: [ { role: "root",db:"admin" }] 1 
         
            1 
         
          } 1 
         
          ) 1

当你使用admin登录mongodb的时候会有提示,不建议用超级管理员登录:

[root@mongodb3 ~]# mongo --port 37017 -u admin -p admin --authenticationDatabase admin 1 
         
          MongoDB shell version: 3.2.6 1 
         
          connecting to: 127.0.0.1:37017/test 1 
         
          Server has startup warnings: 1 
         
          2016-06-24T18:41:47.116+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended. 1 
         
          2016-06-24T18:41:47.116+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 1

切换用户使用 db.auth()方法:

> db.auth("admin","admin") 1

## 3.创建角色 ##

角色用来授予给用户来控制用户使用mongodb的资源.mongdb提供了一套内置的角色,管理员可以直接使用这些角色来控制访问mongodb.然而如果这些内置的角色无法满足你的需求,你可以在单独的数据库里创建新的角色.

除了在admin数据库里创建的角色外,创建的的角色只能拥有此数据库内的权限.

在admin数据库内创建的角色,可以继承admin库,其他库,或者集群资源.也就是说在其它库里创建的角色只拥有此库的一些权限.

使用 db.createRole()来创建角色.

创建角色你必须有如下两个条件:

1.在数据库有createRole权限

2.你需要有授予指定权限的权限

内建角色userAdmin 和 userAdminAnyDatabase满足上述要求.因此一般以此管理员登录用户来执行.

createRole()的语法如下:

{ 1 
         
          role: "<name>", 1 
         
          privileges: [ 1 
         
          { resource: { <resource> }, actions: [ "<action>", ... ] }, 1 
         
          ... 1 
         
          ], 1 
         
          roles: [ 1 
         
          { role: "<role>", db: "<database>" } | "<role>", 1 
         
          ... 1 
         
          ] 1 
         
          } 1

其中:

role是创建的role的名字.

resource是你想授权所对应的对象,例如 resource: \{ db: "users", collection: "usersCollection" \}表示你想把users.userscollection的资源授予给此角色.这里是官网对resource的介绍: [https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/resource-document/\#resource-document][https_docs.mongodb.com_manual_reference_resource-document_resource-document]

actions是你想授予的动作,例如actions: \[ "update", "insert", "remove" \],这里有官网对action的介绍: [https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/privilege-actions/\#security-user-actions][https_docs.mongodb.com_manual_reference_privilege-actions_security-user-actions]

roles是表示你想把某个角色授予给此角色.

下面一个实例:

use admin 1 
         
          db.createRole( 1 
         
          { 1 
         
          role: "myClusterwideAdmin", 1 
         
          privileges: [ 1 
         
          { resource: { cluster: true }, actions: [ "addShard" ] }, 1 
         
          { resource: { db: "config", collection: "" }, actions: [ "find", "update", "insert", "remove" ] }, 1 
         
          { resource: { db: "users", collection: "usersCollection" }, actions: [ "update", "insert", "remove" ] }, 1 
         
          { resource: { db: "", collection: "" }, actions: [ "find" ] } 1 
         
          ], 1 
         
          roles: [ 1 
         
          { role: "read", db: "admin" } 1 
         
          ] 1 
         
          }, 1 
         
          { w: "majority" , wtimeout: 5000 } 1 
         
          ) 1

下面介绍几个创建角色的例子:

创建一个角色管理当前操作

这个角色可以kill任何操作.以上面的root用户登录mongod:

[root@mongodb3 ~]# mongo --port 37017 -u root -p root --authenticationDatabase admin 1 
         
          use admin 1 
         
          db.createRole( 1 
         
          { 1 
         
          role: "manageOpRole", 1 
         
          privileges: 1 
         
               [ 1 
         
          {   1 
         
                  resource: { cluster: true },  1 
         
                  actions: [ "killop", "inprog" ]  1 
         
                  }, 1 
         
          {   1 
         
                  resource: { db: "", collection: "" },  1 
         
                  actions: [ "killCursors" ]  1 
         
                  } 1 
         
          ], 1 
         
          roles: [] 1 
         
          } 1 
         
          ) 1

创建一个角色可以运行mongostat

use admin 1 
         
          db.createRole( 1 
         
          { 1 
         
          role: "mongostatRole", 1 
         
          privileges: [ 1 
         
          { 1 
         
                  resource: { cluster: true },  1 
         
                  actions: [ "serverStatus" ]  1 
         
                  } 1 
         
          ], 1 
         
          roles: [] 1 
         
          } 1 
         
          ) 1

## 4.查看角色权限 ##

使用 db.getRole()方法来获得角色的权限:

> db.getRole("mongostatRole") 1 
         
          { 1 
         
          "role" : "mongostatRole", 1 
         
          "db" : "admin", 1 
         
          "isBuiltin" : false, 1 
         
          "roles" : [ ], 1 
         
          "inheritedRoles" : [ ] 1 
         
          } 1

查看详细的角色:

> db.getRole("mongostatRole",{ showPrivileges: true}) 1 
         
          { 1 
         
          "role" : "mongostatRole", 1 
         
          "db" : "admin", 1 
         
          "isBuiltin" : false, 1 
         
          "roles" : [ ], 1 
         
          "inheritedRoles" : [ ], 1 
         
          "privileges" : [ 1 
         
          { 1 
         
          "resource" : { 1 
         
          "cluster" : true 1 
         
          }, 1 
         
          "actions" : [ 1 
         
          "serverStatus" 1 
         
          ] 1 
         
          } 1 
         
          ], 1 
         
          "inheritedPrivileges" : [ 1 
         
          { 1 
         
          "resource" : { 1 
         
          "cluster" : true 1 
         
          }, 1 
         
          "actions" : [ 1 
         
          "serverStatus" 1 
         
          ] 1 
         
          } 1 
         
          ] 1 
         
          } 1

还可以使用 db.getRoles()查看所有的非内建的角色:

> db.getRoles() 1 
         
          [ 1 
         
          { 1 
         
          "role" : "manageOpRole", 1 
         
          "db" : "admin", 1 
         
          "isBuiltin" : false, 1 
         
          "roles" : [ ], 1 
         
          "inheritedRoles" : [ ] 1 
         
          }, 1 
         
          { 1 
         
          "role" : "mongostatRole", 1 
         
          "db" : "admin", 1 
         
          "isBuiltin" : false, 1 
         
          "roles" : [ ], 1 
         
          "inheritedRoles" : [ ] 1 
         
          } 1 
         
          ] 1

> db.getRoles({ showPrivileges: true}) 1 
          
           [ 1 
          
           { 1 
          
           "role" : "manageOpRole", 1 
          
           "db" : "admin", 1 
          
           "isBuiltin" : false, 1 
          
           "roles" : [ ], 1 
          
           "inheritedRoles" : [ ], 1 
          
           "privileges" : [ 1 
          
           { 1 
          
           "resource" : { 1 
          
           "cluster" : true 1 
          
           }, 1 
          
           "actions" : [ 1 
          
           "inprog", 1 
          
           "killop" 1 
          
           ] 1 
          
           }, 1 
          
           { 1 
          
           "resource" : { 1 
          
           "db" : "", 1 
          
           "collection" : "" 1 
          
           }, 1 
          
           "actions" : [ 1 
          
           "killCursors" 1 
          
           ] 1 
          
           } 1 
          
           ], 1 
          
           "inheritedPrivileges" : [ 1 
          
           { 1 
          
           "resource" : { 1 
          
           "cluster" : true 1 
          
           }, 1 
          
           "actions" : [ 1 
          
           "inprog", 1 
          
           "killop" 1 
          
           ] 1 
          
           }, 1 
          
           { 1 
          
           "resource" : { 1 
          
           "db" : "", 1 
          
           "collection" : "" 1 
          
           }, 1 
          
           "actions" : [ 1 
          
           "killCursors" 1 
          
           ] 1 
          
           } 1 
          
           ] 1 
          
           }, 1 
          
           { 1 
          
           "role" : "mongostatRole", 1 
          
           "db" : "admin", 1 
          
           "isBuiltin" : false, 1 
          
           "roles" : [ ], 1 
          
           "inheritedRoles" : [ ], 1 
          
           "privileges" : [ 1 
          
           { 1 
          
           "resource" : { 1 
          
           "cluster" : true 1 
          
           }, 1 
          
           "actions" : [ 1 
          
           "serverStatus" 1 
          
           ] 1 
          
           } 1 
          
           ], 1 
          
           "inheritedPrivileges" : [ 1 
          
           { 1 
          
           "resource" : { 1 
          
           "cluster" : true 1 
          
           }, 1 
          
           "actions" : [ 1 
          
           "serverStatus" 1 
          
           ] 1 
          
           } 1 
          
           ] 1 
          
           } 1 
          
           ] 1

## 5.查看用户角色 ##

使用 db.getUser()方法来查看用户的所赋予的角色:

> db.getUser("suq") 1 
         
          { 1 
         
          "_id" : "admin.suq", 1 
         
          "user" : "suq", 1 
         
          "db" : "admin", 1 
         
          "roles" : [ 1 
         
          { 1 
         
          "role" : "dbOwner", 1 
         
          "db" : "admin" 1 
         
          }, 1 
         
          { 1 
         
          "role" : "userAdmin", 1 
         
          "db" : "admin" 1 
         
          }, 1 
         
          { 1 
         
          "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", 1 
         
          "db" : "admin" 1 
         
          } 1 
         
          ] 1 
         
          } 1

## 还可以使用db.getUsers()获取全部的用户信息:  `> db.getUsers()`  1  `[`  1  `{`  1  `"_id" : "admin.root",`  1  `"user" : "root",`  1  `"db" : "admin",`  1  `"roles" : [`  1  `{`  1  `"role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",`  1  `"db" : "admin"`  1  `}`  1  `]`  1  `},`  1  `{`  1  `"_id" : "admin.admin",`  1  `"user" : "admin",`  1  `"db" : "admin",`  1  `"roles" : [`  1  `{`  1  `"role" : "root",`  1  `"db" : "admin"`  1  `}`  1  `]`  1  `},`  1  `{`  1  `"_id" : "admin.suq",`  1  `"user" : "suq",`  1  `"db" : "admin",`  1  `"roles" : [`  1  `{`  1  `"role" : "dbOwner",`  1  `"db" : "admin"`  1  `},`  1  `{`  1  `"role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",`  1  `"db" : "admin"`  1  `}`  1  `]`  1  `}`  1  `]`  1           ##

## 6.授予/收回角色权限 ##

## 使用db.revokePrivilegesFromRole() 和db.grantPrivilegesToRole() 方法收回和赋予角色权限  `db.revokePrivilegesFromRole(`  1  `"manageOpRole",`  1  `[`  1  `{ resource: { "cluster" : true}, actions: ["inprog","killop"] }`  1  `]`  1  `)`  1  `db.grantPrivilegesToRole(`  1  `"manageOpRole",`  1  `[`  1  `{`  1  `resource: { "cluster" : true},`  1  `actions: ["inprog","killop"]`  1  `}`  1  `]`  1  `)`  1 ##

## 7.授予/收回用户角色 ##

使用 db.revokeRolesFromUser()来收回用户所赋予的角色

db.revokeRolesFromUser( "suq", [ { role: "userAdmin", db: "admin" } ] )

使用 db.grantRolesToUser()来给用户授予角色:

db.grantRolesToUser( 1 
         
          "reportsUser", 1 
         
          [ 1 
         
          { role: "userAdmin", db: "admin" } 1 
         
          ] 1 
         
          ) 1

## 8.修改用户密码 ##

使用 db.changeUserPassword()方法来给用户修改密码:

> db.changeUserPassword("suq", "111111") 1

# 三.内置角色和内置权限 #

内置的角色,查看官方文档:

[https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/built-in-roles][https_docs.mongodb.com_manual_reference_built-in-roles]

# 四.用户和角色方法 #

详细参见官方文档:

[https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/\#role-management][https_docs.mongodb.com_manual_reference_method_role-management]

## Role Management ##

<table style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; max-width:100%; table-layout:auto; width:700px; border:0px; margin:24px 0px; font-size:14px; line-height:24px; color:rgb(73,71,71); font-family:Akzidenz,'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; background-color:transparent">     
 <thead style=""> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <th style="text-align:center; margin:0px; padding:0px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237)"> Name</th> 
   <th style="text-align:center; margin:0px; padding:0px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237)"> Description</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody style=""> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.createRole/#db.createRole" title="db.createRole()" style="color:rgb(0,108,188); text-decoration:none; background:transparent" rel="nofollow">db.createRole()</a></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> Creates a role and specifies its privileges.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.updateRole/#db.updateRole" title="db.updateRole()" style="color:rgb(0,108,188); text-decoration:none; background:transparent" rel="nofollow">db.updateRole()</a></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> Updates a user-defined role.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.dropRole/#db.dropRole" title="db.dropRole()" style="color:rgb(0,108,188); text-decoration:none; background:transparent" rel="nofollow">db.dropRole()</a></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> Deletes a user-defined role.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.dropAllRoles/#db.dropAllRoles" title="db.dropAllRoles()" style="color:rgb(0,108,188); text-decoration:none; background:transparent" rel="nofollow">db.dropAllRoles()</a></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> Deletes all user-defined roles associated with a database.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.grantPrivilegesToRole/#db.grantPrivilegesToRole" title="db.grantPrivilegesToRole()" style="color:rgb(0,108,188); text-decoration:none; background:transparent" rel="nofollow">db.grantPrivilegesToRole()</a></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> Assigns privileges to a user-defined role.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.revokePrivilegesFromRole/#db.revokePrivilegesFromRole" title="db.revokePrivilegesFromRole()" style="color:rgb(0,108,188); text-decoration:none; background:transparent" rel="nofollow">db.revokePrivilegesFromRole()</a></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> Removes the specified privileges from a user-defined role.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.grantRolesToRole/#db.grantRolesToRole" title="db.grantRolesToRole()" style="color:rgb(0,108,188); text-decoration:none; background:transparent" rel="nofollow">db.grantRolesToRole()</a></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> Specifies roles from which a user-defined role inherits privileges.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.revokeRolesFromRole/#db.revokeRolesFromRole" title="db.revokeRolesFromRole()" style="color:rgb(0,108,188); text-decoration:none; background:transparent" rel="nofollow">db.revokeRolesFromRole()</a></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> Removes inherited roles from a role.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.getRole/#db.getRole" title="db.getRole()" style="color:rgb(0,108,188); text-decoration:none; background:transparent" rel="nofollow">db.getRole()</a></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> Returns information for the specified role.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.getRoles/#db.getRoles" title="db.getRoles()" style="color:rgb(0,108,188); text-decoration:none; background:transparent" rel="nofollow">db.getRoles()</a></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> Returns information for all the user-defined roles in a database.</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## User Management ##

<table style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; max-width:100%; table-layout:auto; width:700px; border:0px; margin:24px 0px; font-size:14px; line-height:24px; color:rgb(73,71,71); font-family:Akzidenz,'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; background-color:transparent">     
 <thead style=""> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <th style="text-align:center; margin:0px; padding:0px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237)"> Name</th> 
   <th style="text-align:center; margin:0px; padding:0px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237)"> Description</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody style=""> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.auth/#db.auth" title="db.auth()" style="color:rgb(0,108,188); text-decoration:none; background:transparent" rel="nofollow">db.auth()</a></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> Authenticates a user to a database.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.createUser/#db.createUser" title="db.createUser()" style="color:rgb(0,108,188); text-decoration:none; background:transparent" rel="nofollow">db.createUser()</a></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> Creates a new user.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.updateUser/#db.updateUser" title="db.updateUser()" style="color:rgb(0,108,188); text-decoration:none; background:transparent" rel="nofollow">db.updateUser()</a></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> Updates user data.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.changeUserPassword/#db.changeUserPassword" title="db.changeUserPassword()" style="color:rgb(0,108,188); text-decoration:none; background:transparent" rel="nofollow">db.changeUserPassword()</a></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> Changes an existing user’s password.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.removeUser/#db.removeUser" title="db.removeUser()" style="color:rgb(0,108,188); text-decoration:none; background:transparent" rel="nofollow">db.removeUser()</a></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> Deprecated. Removes a user from a database.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.dropAllUsers/#db.dropAllUsers" title="db.dropAllUsers()" style="color:rgb(0,108,188); text-decoration:none; background:transparent" rel="nofollow">db.dropAllUsers()</a></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> Deletes all users associated with a database.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.dropUser/#db.dropUser" title="db.dropUser()" style="color:rgb(0,108,188); text-decoration:none; background:transparent" rel="nofollow">db.dropUser()</a></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> Removes a single user.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.grantRolesToUser/#db.grantRolesToUser" title="db.grantRolesToUser()" style="color:rgb(0,108,188); text-decoration:none; background:transparent" rel="nofollow">db.grantRolesToUser()</a></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> Grants a role and its privileges to a user.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.revokeRolesFromUser/#db.revokeRolesFromUser" title="db.revokeRolesFromUser()" style="color:rgb(0,108,188); text-decoration:none; background:transparent" rel="nofollow">db.revokeRolesFromUser()</a></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> Removes a role from a user.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.getUser/#db.getUser" title="db.getUser()" style="color:rgb(0,108,188); text-decoration:none; background:transparent" rel="nofollow">db.getUser()</a></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> Returns information about the specified user.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.getUsers/#db.getUsers" title="db.getUsers()" style="color:rgb(0,108,188); text-decoration:none; background:transparent" rel="nofollow">db.getUsers()</a></td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:11px 5px 12px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-size:14px; vertical-align:top; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color:rgb(235,235,237); border-collapse:collapse"> Returns information about all users associated with a database.</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# 五.用户角色权限集合 #

mongodb的用户和角色信息存放在admin数据库下的system.users和system.roles集合中.

mongodb建议修改用户和角色使用上面的用户和角色的方法,不要直接修改集合的数据.

system.roles集合数据大致如下:

{ 1 
         
          _id: <system-defined id>, 1 
         
          role: "<role name>", 1 
         
          db: "<database>", 1 
         
          privileges: 1 
         
          [ 1 
         
          { 1 
         
          resource: { <resource> }, 1 
         
          actions: [ "<action>", ... ] 1 
         
          }, 1 
         
          ... 1 
         
          ], 1 
         
          roles: 1 
         
          [ 1 
         
          { role: "<role name>", db: "<database>" }, 1 
         
          ... 1 
         
          ] 1 
         
          } 1

system.users集合数据大致如下:

{ 1 
         
          _id: <system defined id>, 1 
         
          user: "<name>", 1 
         
          db: "<database>", 1 
         
          credentials: { <authentication credentials> }, 1 
         
          roles: [ 1 
         
          { role: "<role name>", db: "<database>" }, 1 
         
          ... 1 
         
          ], 1 
         
          customData: <custom information> 1 
         
          } 1

具体的说明几乎和上面的一致,就不赘述了,有兴趣的话可以查看官方文档:

[https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/system-users-collection/][https_docs.mongodb.com_manual_reference_system-users-collection]

[https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/system-roles-collection/][https_docs.mongodb.com_manual_reference_system-roles-collection]

[su377486]: http://my.csdn.net/su377486
[https_docs.mongodb.com_manual_reference_resource-document_resource-document]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/resource-document/#resource-document
[https_docs.mongodb.com_manual_reference_privilege-actions_security-user-actions]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/privilege-actions/#security-user-actions
[https_docs.mongodb.com_manual_reference_built-in-roles]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/built-in-roles/#userAdminAnyDatabase
[https_docs.mongodb.com_manual_reference_method_role-management]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/#role-management
[https_docs.mongodb.com_manual_reference_system-users-collection]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/system-users-collection/
[https_docs.mongodb.com_manual_reference_system-roles-collection]: https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/system-roles-collection/