在PowerShell中使用curl(Invoke-WebRequest)

Dear 丶 2022-07-16 07:46 179阅读 0赞

## 前言 ##

习惯了windows的界面模式就很难转去命令行，甚至以命令行发家的git也涌现出各种界面tool。然而命令行真的会比界面快的多，如果你是一个码农。

**situation**：接到需求分析bug，需要访问http。那台机器属于product，不允许装postman。我只能手动命令行来发请求。发现了内置的PowerShell中有curl命令。欢喜试了半天，总是命令不对，google发现这个curl是冒名顶替的，只是一个Invoke-WebRequest的alias。[参考][Link 1]。

PS> Get-Alias -Definition Invoke-WebRequest | Format-Table -AutoSize
    
    CommandType Name                      Version Source
    ----------- ----                      ------- ------
    Alias       curl -> Invoke-WebRequest
    Alias       iwr -> Invoke-WebRequest
    Alias       wget -> Invoke-WebRequest

## Invoke-WebRequest简单用法 ##

### 1.用途 ###

> Gets content from a web page on the Internet.

获取http web请求访问内容

### 2.语法Syntax ###

Parameter Set: Default
    Invoke-WebRequest [-Uri] <Uri> [-Body <Object> ] [-Certificate <X509Certificate> ] [-CertificateThumbprint <String> ] [-ContentType <String> ] [-Credential <PSCredential> ] [-DisableKeepAlive] [-Headers <IDictionary> ] [-InFile <String> ] [-MaximumRedirection <Int32> ] [-Method <WebRequestMethod> {Default | Get | Head | Post | Put | Delete | Trace | Options | Merge | Patch} ] [-OutFile <String> ] [-PassThru] [-Proxy <Uri> ] [-ProxyCredential <PSCredential> ] [-ProxyUseDefaultCredentials] [-SessionVariable <String> ] [-TimeoutSec <Int32> ] [-TransferEncoding <String> {chunked | compress | deflate | gzip | identity} ] [-UseBasicParsing] [-UseDefaultCredentials] [-UserAgent <String> ] [-WebSession <WebRequestSession> ] [ <CommonParameters>]

### 3.简单的几个用法 ###

#### 3.1 Get请求 ####

PS C:\Users\rmiao> curl -URi https://www.google.com
    
    StatusCode        : 200
    StatusDescription : OK
    Content           : <!doctype html><html itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" lang="en"><head><meta content="Search the world's information, including webpages, images, videos and more. Google has many speci..."
    RawContent        : HTTP/1.1 200 OK
                        X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
                        X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
                        Alt-Svc: quic=":443"; ma=2592000; v="36,35,34,33,32"
                        Vary: Accept-Encoding
                        Transfer-Encoding: chunked

会发现content内容被截断了。想要获取完整的content：

ps> curl https://www.google.com | Select -ExpandProperty Content

#### 3.2添加header ####

-Headers @{"accept"="application/json"}

#### 3.3指定Method ####

-Method Get

#### 3.4将获取到的content输出到文件 ####

-OutFile 'c:\Users\rmiao\temp\content.txt'

#### 3.5表单提交 ####

For example:

$R = Invoke-WebRequest http://website.com/login.aspx 
    $R.Forms[0].Name = "MyName" 
    $R.Forms[0].Password = "MyPassword" 
    Invoke-RestMethod http://website.com/service.aspx -Body $R

Invoke-RestMethod http://website.com/service.aspx -Body $R.Forms[0]

#### 3.6内容筛选 ####

PS C:\Users\rmiao> $R = Invoke-WebRequest -URI http://www.bing.com?q=how+many+feet+in+a+mile
    PS C:\Users\rmiao> $R.AllElements | where {$_.innerhtml -like "*=*"} | Sort { $_.InnerHtml.Length } | Select InnerText -
    First 5
    
    innerText
    ---------
    =
    
    1
    Next
    =

#### 3.7一个登陆示例 ####

#发送一个登陆请求，声明一个sessionVariable 参数为fb, 将结果保存在$R
    #这个变量FB就是header.cookie等集合
    PS C:\Users\rmiao> $R=curl http://www.facebook.com/login.php -SessionVariable fb
    PS C:\Users\rmiao> $FB
    
    
    Headers               : {}
    Cookies               : System.Net.CookieContainer
    UseDefaultCredentials : False
    Credentials           :
    Certificates          :
    UserAgent             : Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT; Windows NT 6.3; en-US) WindowsPowerShell/4.0
    Proxy                 :
    MaximumRedirection    : -1
    
    
    #将response响应结果中的第一个form属性赋值给变量Form
    PS C:\Users\rmiao> $Form=$R.Forms[0]
    PS C:\Users\rmiao> $Form.fields
    
    Key                                                         Value
    ---                                                         -----
    lsd                                                         AVqQqrLW
    display
    enable_profile_selector
    isprivate
    legacy_return                                               0
    profile_selector_ids
    return_session
    skip_api_login
    signed_next
    trynum                                                      1
    u_0_0
    u_0_1
    lgnrnd                                                      214945_qGeg
    lgnjs                                                       n
    email
    pass
    persistent
    default_persistent                                          1
    
    
    
    # 查看form
    PS C:\Users\rmiao> $Form | Format-List
    
    
    Id     : login_form
    Method : post
    Action : /login.php?login_attempt=1&lwv=100
    Fields : {[lsd, AVqQqrLW], [display, ], [enable_profile_selector, ], [isprivate, ]...}
    
    
    #查看属性
    $Form.fields
    
    #设置账号密码
    $Form.Fields["email"] = "User01@Fabrikam.com"
    $Form.Fields["pass"] = "P@ssw0rd"
    
    #发送请求并保存结果为$R
    $R=Invoke-WebRequest -Uri ("https://www.facebook.com" + $Form.Action) -WebSession $FB -Method POST -Body $Form.Fields
    
    #查看结果
    PS C:\Users\rmiao> $R.StatusDescription
    OK

虽然没有curl那么主流，但一样可以成为http访问的一个选择。

##### 参考 #####

[https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh849901.aspx][https_technet.microsoft.com_en-us_library_hh849901.aspx]

[Link 1]: http://superuser.com/questions/344927/powershell-equivalent-of-curl
[https_technet.microsoft.com_en-us_library_hh849901.aspx]: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh849901.aspx