17 - Docker network第三讲-自定义网络（Docker系列）

绝地灬酷狼 2022-07-13 07:15 175阅读 0赞

本文章来自[【知识林】][Link 1]

*  创建网络

C:\Users\zsl-pc>docker network create test-net
    39b38d32553cb89085bccb6d1359e3e1ebba570147c31c64c58e40d7967f9e50

**说明：**这里创建了一个名为`test-net`的网络，创建成功后会得到该网络的ID

*  列表网络

C:\Users\zsl-pc>docker network ls
    NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
    86423d2ba03a        bridge              bridge              local
    06445f4f5774        host                host                local
    2d964ece79b9        none                null                local
    39b38d32553c        test-net            bridge              local

**说明：**此时列表出来的结果除了默认的三个网络外，又增加了一个刚刚创建的`test-net`；其`DRIVER`是`bridge`说明在创建网络时的默认驱动是`bridge`；`SCOPE`指定了网络的作用范围，`local`表示只在当前宿主机生效。

*  查看网络详情

C:\Users\zsl-pc>docker network inspect test-net
    [
        {
            "Name": "test-net",
            "Id": "39b38d32553cb89085bccb6d1359e3e1ebba570147c31c64c58e40d7967f9e50",
            "Scope": "local",
            "Driver": "bridge",
            "EnableIPv6": false,
            "IPAM": {
                "Driver": "default",
                "Options": {},
                "Config": [
                    {
                        "Subnet": "172.18.0.0/16",
                        "Gateway": "172.18.0.1/16"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "Internal": false,
            "Containers": {},
            "Options": {},
            "Labels": {}
        }
    ]

*  启动容器并指定网络

docker run -d -it --name c3 --network test-net centos /bin/bash -c "while true; do echo hello; sleep 1;done"
    0968be0ab042ec35121774227bbecf5c5fd8a1faf0f7fd3b5ac0069af64e7709

**说明：**使用指令`--network`来指定容器的网络

*  与名为`bridge`的网络中的容器`c2`通过

在[《16 - Docker network第二讲-容器默认网络bridge》][16 - Docker network_-_bridge]中我们创建了两个容器`c1`和`c2`，这两个容器都是属于名为`bridge`的默认网络中，下面尝试与任意一个容器通信（以`c2`为例，其IP地址为`172.17.0.3`）：

C:\Users\zsl-pc>docker exec -it c3 /bin/bash
    [root@0968be0ab042 /]# ping 172.17.0.3
    PING 172.17.0.3 (172.17.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
    ^C
    --- 172.17.0.3 ping statistics ---
    18 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 17008ms

**说明：**可以看出现在`c3`是无法与`c2`进行通信的。要让这两个容器通信需要让他们在同一个网络里面（就像局域网中的物理机一样）。

C:\Users\zsl-pc>docker network connect test-net c2
    
    C:\Users\zsl-pc>docker inspect c2
    
    …………
    "Networks": {
        "bridge": {
            "IPAMConfig": null,
            "Links": null,
            "Aliases": null,
            "NetworkID": "86423d2ba03ab5d46d66fe39bbba75d0d47d0fcc7dcbf250fcbbaa4b0085a029",
            "EndpointID": "78be5b7b0737d23082607fd016664017df77ceb1d469d9a3972033796ac8d761",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03"
        },
        "test-net": {
            "IPAMConfig": {},
            "Links": null,
            "Aliases": [
                "7117f84edc26"
            ],
            "NetworkID": "39b38d32553cb89085bccb6d1359e3e1ebba570147c31c64c58e40d7967f9e50",
            "EndpointID": "071d239a9758d380fc265345030393cee3fc6d2d746b36af44bf6a6c5aeecd60",
            "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
            "IPAddress": "172.18.0.3",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:03"
        }
    }

**说明：**使用命令`docker inspect c2`查看`c2`容器的详情信息时可以看到其`Networks`中有两个网络信息`bridge`和`test-net`说明我们已经让`c2`与`test-net`连接在一起了，且`c2`在`test-net`这个网络中的IP地址是：`172.18.0.3`，此时再来检测`c2`和`c3`的通信情况：

C:\Users\zsl-pc>docker exec -it c3 /bin/bash
    [root@0968be0ab042 /]# ping -w 4 172.18.0.3
    PING 172.18.0.3 (172.18.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
    64 bytes from 172.18.0.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.048 ms
    64 bytes from 172.18.0.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.077 ms
    64 bytes from 172.18.0.3: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.247 ms
    64 bytes from 172.18.0.3: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.137 ms
    64 bytes from 172.18.0.3: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.045 ms
    
    --- 172.18.0.3 ping statistics ---
    5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 3996ms
    rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.045/0.110/0.247/0.076 ms
    [root@0968be0ab042 /]#

**说明：**`c2`和`c3`可以正常通信了，只是`c2`现在拥有两个网络信息：默认的`bridge`和自定义的`test-net`。`c2`可以通过`bridge`网络与`c1`通信，也可以通过`test-net`网络与`c3`通信，但`c1`和`c3`没有共同的网络，所以它们不可以通信。

*  从网络中移除容器

C:\Users\zsl-pc>docker network disconnect bridge c2
    
    C:\Users\zsl-pc>docker inspect c2
    
    …………
    "Networks": {
        "test-net": {
            "IPAMConfig": {},
            "Links": null,
            "Aliases": [
                "7117f84edc26"
            ],
            "NetworkID": "39b38d32553cb89085bccb6d1359e3e1ebba570147c31c64c58e40d7967f9e50",
            "EndpointID": "071d239a9758d380fc265345030393cee3fc6d2d746b36af44bf6a6c5aeecd60",
            "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
            "IPAddress": "172.18.0.3",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:03"
        }
    }

**说明：**使用`docker network disconnect`命令来将容器移出网络，这里将`c2`容器从`bridge`网络中移除，再使用`docker inspect c2`来查看容器详情信息时，在`Networks`中只会看到`test-net`一个网络，此时`c2`将只能与`c3`通信，不能与`c1`通信。

*  删除网络

C:\Users\zsl-pc>docker network rm test-net
    Error response from daemon: network test-net has active endpoints

**注意：**当网络中还有容器时，此网络不能被删除。`rm`后面可以跟多个网络名称，以空格隔开。

**通过上面的这些例子已经基本对Docker的网络有些认识，对Docker的的命令也有更进一步的了解。**

本文章来自[【知识林】][Link 1]

[Link 1]: http://www.zslin.com/web/article/detail/64
[16 - Docker network_-_bridge]: http://www.zslin.com/web/article/detail/63