Spring Boot使用Thymeleaf

电玩女神 2022-06-07 10:09 170阅读 0赞

# Spring Boot使用Thymeleaf #

之前给大家介绍了在spring boot开发中使用jsp模板，但是jsp目前并不是spring boot推荐的做法，同时使用jsp还有一些限制而Thymeleaf则是spring boot官方推荐的模板引擎。  
对于Thymeleaf我就不过多介绍网上资料很多，我们直接进入正题，在spring boot中使用Thymeleaf  
环境

> spring boot 1.57 + Themeleaf 3.0.8

先上pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.hw</groupId>
        <artifactId>myp2c_main</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>war</packaging>
    
        <name>myp2c_main</name>
        <description>myp2c main page</description>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.7.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> 
        </parent>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
                <artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.8.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
                <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring4</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.8.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
                <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
                <version>23.2-jre</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
                <version>1.2</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    </project>

我在这里并没有引入spring boot 官方的thymeleaf包

<dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
            </dependency>

而是引入Thymeleaf的包

<dependency>
                <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
                <artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.8.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
                <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring4</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.8.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>

因为目前spring boot官方的依然引入的是thymeleaf 2.1.5这个版本的包而不是最新的3.0.8，而Thymeleaf 2 和Thymeleaf 3之间的差别比较大。

引入好包之后我们就可以开始进行配置了，首先是spring boot的主类

package com.hw.myp2c;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class Myp2cMainApplication { 
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(Myp2cMainApplication.class, args);
        }
    }
    
    
    package com.hw.myp2c;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
    import org.springframework.boot.web.support.SpringBootServletInitializer;
    
    public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer { 
    
        @Override
        protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
            return application.sources(Myp2cMainApplication.class);
        }
    
    }

很简单的控制类

package com.hw.myp2c.common.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.ui.Model;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    
    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("")
    public class MainController {
    
        @GetMapping
        public String main(Model model){
            model.addAttribute("w","Welcome Thymeleaf!");
            return "main";
        }
    }

然后是Thymeleaf的模板html文件，注意目录是在main下建立以下目录webapp/WEB-INF/templates，所有的html模板都放在templates下面供Thymeleaf引擎解析

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
    
    <head>
        <title>Good Thymes Virtual Grocery</title>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
    </head>
    
    <body>
    
    <p th:text="'Hello, ' + ${w} + '!'" />
    
    </body>
    
    </html>

好了这是我们需要建立的各类文件，下面我们来做一些配置让spring boot识别并整合ThymeleafThymeleaf的配置有两种方法：

> application.properties配置  
> javabean配置

两种方法各有优势，如果仅仅是想简单的使用Thymeleaf那就用第一种配置方法，如果想进行一些定制化的配置那就采用第二种方法  
首先我们介绍第一种配置方法，很简单就是在application.properties文件中添加如下内容就行了

> spring.thymeleaf.cache=true  
> spring.thymeleaf.check-template=true  
> spring.thymeleaf.check-template-location=true  
> spring.thymeleaf.enabled=true  
> spring.thymeleaf.encoding=UTF-8  
> spring.thymeleaf.mode=HTML  
> spring.thymeleaf.prefix=/WEB-INF/templates/  
> spring.thymeleaf.suffix=.html

这样我们就配置好了直接执行mvn spring-boot:run测试运行结果

> Hello, Welcome Thymeleaf!!

下面我们介绍第二种配置方法，基于javabean的配置，首先我们创建一个类SpringWebConfig.class，在这个类里面完成Thymeleaf的配置

package com.hw.myp2c;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
    import org.thymeleaf.spring4.SpringTemplateEngine;
    import org.thymeleaf.spring4.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver;
    import org.thymeleaf.spring4.view.ThymeleafViewResolver;
    import org.thymeleaf.templatemode.TemplateMode;
    
    @Configuration
    @EnableWebMvc
    @ComponentScan
    public class SpringWebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter implements ApplicationContextAware{ 
    
        private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    
    
        public SpringWebConfig() {
            super();
        }
    
    
        public void setApplicationContext(final ApplicationContext applicationContext)
                throws BeansException {
            this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
        }
    
        /* ******************************************************************* */
        /* GENERAL CONFIGURATION ARTIFACTS */
        /* Static Resources, i18n Messages, Formatters (Conversion Service) */
        /* ******************************************************************* */
    
        @Override
        public void addResourceHandlers(final ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
            super.addResourceHandlers(registry);
            registry.addResourceHandler("/images/**").addResourceLocations("/images/");
            registry.addResourceHandler("/css/**").addResourceLocations("/css/");
            registry.addResourceHandler("/js/**").addResourceLocations("/js/");
        }
    
        @Bean
        public ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource() {
            ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
            messageSource.setBasename("Messages");
            return messageSource;
        }
    
    
    
        @Bean
        public SpringResourceTemplateResolver templateResolver(){
            // SpringResourceTemplateResolver automatically integrates with Spring's own
            // resource resolution infrastructure, which is highly recommended.
            SpringResourceTemplateResolver templateResolver = new SpringResourceTemplateResolver();
            templateResolver.setApplicationContext(this.applicationContext);
            templateResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/templates/");
            templateResolver.setSuffix(".html");
            // HTML is the default value, added here for the sake of clarity.
            templateResolver.setTemplateMode(TemplateMode.HTML);
            // Template cache is true by default. Set to false if you want
            // page to be automatically updated when modified.
            templateResolver.setCacheable(true);
            return templateResolver;
        }
    
        @Bean
        public SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine(){
            // SpringTemplateEngine automatically applies SpringStandardDialect and
            // enables Spring's own MessageSource message resolution mechanisms.
            SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine = new SpringTemplateEngine();
            templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(templateResolver());
            // Enabling the SpringEL compiler with Spring 4.2.4 or newer can
            // speed up execution in most scenarios, but might be incompatible
            // with specific cases when expressions in one template are reused
            // across different data types, so this flag is "false" by default
            // for safer backwards compatibility.
            templateEngine.setEnableSpringELCompiler(false);
            return templateEngine;
        }
    
        @Bean
        public ThymeleafViewResolver viewResolver(){
            ThymeleafViewResolver viewResolver = new ThymeleafViewResolver();
            viewResolver.setTemplateEngine(templateEngine());
            return viewResolver;
        }
    
    }

分别配置了对静态资源（js/css/images）的处理、templateResolver（模板解析器）、templateEngine（模板引擎）、viewResolver（视图解析器）