Spring Boot中使用JavaMailSender发送邮件

灰太狼 2022-06-06 02:21 169阅读 0赞

转自：[http://blog.didispace.com/springbootmailsender/][http_blog.didispace.com_springbootmailsender]

相信使用过Spring的众多开发者都知道Spring提供了非常好用的`JavaMailSender`接口实现邮件发送。在Spring Boot的Starter模块中也为此提供了自动化配置。下面通过实例看看如何在Spring Boot中使用`JavaMailSender`发送邮件。

## 快速入门 ##

在Spring Boot的工程中的`pom.xml`中引入`spring-boot-starter-mail`依赖：

如其他自动化配置模块一样，在完成了依赖引入之后，只需要在`application.properties`中配置相应的属性内容。

下面我们以QQ邮箱为例，在`application.properties`中加入如下配置（注意替换自己的用户名和密码）：

通过单元测试来实现一封简单邮件的发送：

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      <span style="font-size:18px"><span>@RunWith</span>(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"><span>@SpringApplicationConfiguration</span>(classes = Application.class)</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"><span>public</span> <span><span>class</span> <span>ApplicationTests</span> </span>{ </span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> <span>@Autowired</span></span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> <span>private</span> JavaMailSender mailSender;</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> <span>@Test</span></span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> <span><span>public</span> <span>void</span> <span>sendSimpleMail</span><span>()</span> <span>throws</span> Exception </span>{ </span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> SimpleMailMessage message = <span>new</span> SimpleMailMessage();</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> message.setFrom(<span>"dyc87112@qq.com"</span>);</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> message.setTo(<span>"dyc87112@qq.com"</span>);</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> message.setSubject(<span>"主题：简单邮件"</span>);</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> message.setText(<span>"测试邮件内容"</span>);</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> mailSender.send(message);</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> }</span>
     
      
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到这里，一个简单的邮件发送就完成了，运行一下该单元测试，看看效果如何？

> 由于Spring Boot的starter模块提供了自动化配置，所以在引入了`spring-boot-starter-mail`依赖之后，会根据配置文件中的内容去创建`JavaMailSender`实例，因此我们可以直接在需要使用的地方直接`@Autowired`来引入邮件发送对象。

## 进阶使用 ##

在上例中，我们通过使用`SimpleMailMessage`实现了简单的邮件发送，但是实际使用过程中，我们还可能会带上附件、或是使用邮件模块等。这个时候我们就需要使用`MimeMessage`来设置复杂一些的邮件内容，下面我们就来依次实现一下。

#### 发送附件 ####

在上面单元测试中加入如下测试用例（通过MimeMessageHelper来发送一封带有附件的邮件）：

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      <span style="font-size:18px"><span>@Test</span></span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"><span><span>public</span> <span>void</span> <span>sendAttachmentsMail</span><span>()</span> <span>throws</span> Exception </span>{ </span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> MimeMessage mimeMessage = mailSender.createMimeMessage();</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> MimeMessageHelper helper = <span>new</span> MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, <span>true</span>);</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> helper.setFrom(<span>"dyc87112@qq.com"</span>);</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> helper.setTo(<span>"dyc87112@qq.com"</span>);</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> helper.setSubject(<span>"主题：有附件"</span>);</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> helper.setText(<span>"有附件的邮件"</span>);</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> FileSystemResource file = <span>new</span> FileSystemResource(<span>new</span> File(<span>"weixin.jpg"</span>));</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> helper.addAttachment(<span>"附件-1.jpg"</span>, file);</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> helper.addAttachment(<span>"附件-2.jpg"</span>, file);</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> mailSender.send(mimeMessage);</span>
     
      
     </div>
     
      
     <div>
      
       
      <span style="font-size:18px">}</span>
     
      
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#### 嵌入静态资源 ####

除了发送附件之外，我们在邮件内容中可能希望通过嵌入图片等静态资源，让邮件获得更好的阅读体验，而不是从附件中查看具体图片，下面的测试用例演示了如何通过`MimeMessageHelper`实现在邮件正文中嵌入静态资源。

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      <span style="font-size:18px"><span><span>public</span> <span>void</span> <span>sendInlineMail</span><span>()</span> <span>throws</span> Exception </span>{ </span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> MimeMessage mimeMessage = mailSender.createMimeMessage();</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> MimeMessageHelper helper = <span>new</span> MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, <span>true</span>);</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> helper.setFrom(<span>"dyc87112@qq.com"</span>);</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> helper.setTo(<span>"dyc87112@qq.com"</span>);</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> helper.setSubject(<span>"主题：嵌入静态资源"</span>);</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> helper.setText(<span>"&lt;html&gt;&lt;body&gt;&lt;img src=\"cid:weixin\" &gt;&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt;"</span>, <span>true</span>);</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> FileSystemResource file = <span>new</span> FileSystemResource(<span>new</span> File(<span>"weixin.jpg"</span>));</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> helper.addInline(<span>"weixin"</span>, file);</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> mailSender.send(mimeMessage);</span>
     
      
     </div>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px">}</span>
     
      
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**这里需要注意的是`addInline`函数中资源名称`weixin`需要与正文中`cid:weixin`对应起来**

#### 模板邮件 ####

通常我们使用邮件发送服务的时候，都会有一些固定的场景，比如重置密码、注册确认等，给每个用户发送的内容可能只有小部分是变化的。所以，很多时候我们会使用模板引擎来为各类邮件设置成模板，这样我们只需要在发送时去替换变化部分的参数即可。

在Spring Boot中使用模板引擎来实现模板化的邮件发送也是非常容易的，下面我们以velocity为例实现一下。

引入velocity模块的依赖：

在`resources/templates/`下，创建一个模板页面`template.vm`：

**我们之前在Spring Boot中开发Web应用时，提到过在Spring Boot的自动化配置下，模板默认位于`resources/templates/`目录下**

最后，我们在单元测试中加入发送模板邮件的测试用例，具体如下：

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      <span style="font-size:18px"><span>@Test</span></span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"><span><span>public</span> <span>void</span> <span>sendTemplateMail</span><span>()</span> <span>throws</span> Exception </span>{ </span>
     
      
     </div>
     
      
     <div>
      
       
      <span style="font-size:18px"> MimeMessage mimeMessage = mailSender.createMimeMessage();</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> MimeMessageHelper helper = <span>new</span> MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, <span>true</span>);</span>
     
      
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     <div>
      
       
      <span style="font-size:18px"> helper.setFrom(<span>"dyc87112@qq.com"</span>);</span>
     
      
     </div>
     
      
     <div>
      
       
      <span style="font-size:18px"> helper.setTo(<span>"dyc87112@qq.com"</span>);</span>
     
      
     </div>
     
      
     <div>
      
       
      <span style="font-size:18px"> helper.setSubject(<span>"主题：模板邮件"</span>);</span>
     
      
     </div>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> Map&lt;String, Object&gt; model = <span>new</span> HashedMap();</span>
     
      
     </div>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> model.put(<span>"username"</span>, <span>"didi"</span>);</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> String text = VelocityEngineUtils.mergeTemplateIntoString(</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> velocityEngine, <span>"template.vm"</span>, <span>"UTF-8"</span>, model);</span>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> helper.setText(text, <span>true</span>);</span>
     
      
     </div>
     
      
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      <span style="font-size:18px"> mailSender.send(mimeMessage);</span>
     
      
     </div>
     
      
     <div>
      
       
      <span style="font-size:18px">}</span>
     
      
     </div></pre> </td> 
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尝试运行一下，就可以收到内容为`你好， didi, 这是一封模板邮件!`的邮件。这里，我们通过传入username的参数，在邮件内容中替换了模板中的`${username}`变量。

完整示例：[Chapter4-5-1][]

【转载请注明出处】：[http://blog.didispace.com/springbootmailsender/][http_blog.didispace.com_springbootmailsender]

[http_blog.didispace.com_springbootmailsender]: http://blog.didispace.com/springbootmailsender/
[Chapter4-5-1]: https://git.oschina.net/didispace/SpringBoot-Learning