SpringMVC 之 Spring 整合 Spring MVC

╰半夏微凉° 2022-06-06 00:25 167阅读 0赞

## **SpringMVC 之 Spring 整合 Spring MVC** ##

本章我们将详细讲解怎样从零开始使用Maven搭建一个Spring MVC的基本框架。由于Spring 与 SpringMVC 同出一派，因而Spring 可以无缝整合 SpringMVC。

--------------------

## **实例讲解** ##

*  新建Maven项目  
    新建一个Maven Web 项目基本结构如下所示：  
    ![这里写图片描述][SouthEast]
 *  添加依赖  
    **此处编写的 pom.xml可以作为 SpringMVC 依赖标准**
    
        
            <properties>
                <spring.version>4.0.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
        
                
                <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
                <log4j.version>1.2.9</log4j.version>
            </properties>
        
            <dependencies>
        
                
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring.version}</version>
                </dependency>
        
                
        
                
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                    <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                    <version>${log4j.version}</version>
                </dependency>
        
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                    <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                    <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
                </dependency>
        
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                    <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
                    <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                
        
                
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
                    <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
                    <version>1.9.13</version>
                </dependency>
                
        
                
                
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
                    <version>3.1.0</version>
                    <scope>provided</scope>
                </dependency>
        
                
            </dependencies>
 *  配置web.xml文件
    
     *  配置 ContextLoaderListener  
        Servlet 容器启动时将加载 ContextLoaderListener 中的SpringContext,此处配置Spring 的Context
     *  配置 DispatcherServlet  
        由于Spring 可以无缝整合SpringMVC 因而在 SpringConex配置文件中不需要额外声明Spring MVC
     *  配置 CharacterEncodingFilter  
        配置编码过滤，应在所有的Filter之前，Servlet 容器自上而下顺序加载Filter。
     *  web.xml
        
            <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
            <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
            
            
                
                <context-param>
                    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
                    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
                </context-param>
            
                
                <listener>
                    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
                </listener>
            
                
                <servlet>
                    <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
                    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
                    <init-param>
                        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
                        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext-mvc.xml</param-value>
                    </init-param>
                    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
                </servlet>
            
                
                <servlet-mapping>
                    <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
                    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
                </servlet-mapping>
            
                <filter>
                    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
                    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
                    <init-param>
                        <param-name>encoding</param-name>
                        <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
                    </init-param>
                    <init-param>
                        <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
                        <param-value>true</param-value>
                    </init-param>
                </filter>
                
                <filter-mapping>
                    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
                    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
                </filter-mapping>
            
            </web-app>
 *  配置Spring MVC 文件
    
    有web.xml中的配置中我们已指定Spring MVC配置文件路径默认为 Maven 的classpath下，即src/main/java(java 文件) 或者 src/main/resource(配置文件)。
    
     *  启用注解  
        默认启用注解
     *  扫描包  
        扫描路径下的java文件，此处建议使用灵活扫描即选择性扫描java 文件，在spring MVC的配置文件中我们只扫描启用了Controller 和 ControllerAdvice 注解的java 文件
     *  配置视图解析器  
        配置通用试图解析器，此处也可以自定义视图解析器
     *  annotation-driven  
        能支持springmvc更高级的一些功能，JSR303校验，快捷的ajax…映射动态请求
     *  default-servlet-handler  
        将springmvc不能处理的请求交给tomcat
     *  applicationContext-mvc.xml
        
            <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
            <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">
            
                
                <context:annotation-config />
            
                
                <context:component-scan base-package="com.spring.example" use-default-filters="false">
                    <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.method.ControllerAdviceBean" />
                    <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
                </context:component-scan>
            
                <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
                    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
                    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
                </bean>
            
                <mvc:annotation-driven />
                <mvc:default-servlet-handler />
            
            </beans>
 *  applicationContext.xml  
    此处可以不做任何Spring Context的配置，另外说明一下Spring Context配置文件主要用来配置数据源、事务以及第三工具如Mybatis，shiro，Redis等。
 *  运行  
    按照以上文件目录结构和配置文件即可直接运行我们的工程了，以下结果为：
    
    访问地: [http://127.0.0.1:8080/SpringMVC/example/index][http_127.0.0.1_8080_SpringMVC_example_index]
    
    ![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 1]
    
    分享路径：[http://pan.baidu.com/s/1geZ6l5h][http_pan.baidu.com_s_1geZ6l5h]

[SouthEast]: /images/20220606/062c59e1658847d2a3faae6402ea90ab.png
[http_127.0.0.1_8080_SpringMVC_example_index]: http://127.0.0.1:8080/SpringMVC/example/index
[SouthEast 1]: /images/20220606/fb3e523ef5f1427eab27337fdb5c00ff.png
[http_pan.baidu.com_s_1geZ6l5h]: http://pan.baidu.com/s/1geZ6l5h