STM32 关于定时器相关问题的探讨(二)

怼烎@ 2022-05-20 07:04 188阅读 0赞

# 4.硬件设计 #

## 4.1LED驱动电路 ##

利用单片机产生得PWM驱动电路直接驱动LED电路来验证，当输出PWM宽度变化时可以看到此时LED亮度变化，此时只需要将LED上拉就可以实现验证。当输入为低电平时，LED灯发光  
![1][]

## 4.2 SPWM滤波方案 ##

利用高级定时器，我们能产生一系列PWM脉宽随时间变化的PWM波形，通过简单的RC滤波就可以将SPWM滤波成正弦波

# 5.软件设计过程 #

## 5.1 四路pwm输出配置 ##

## 5.1.1 GPIO初始化 ##

初始化引脚（PA6、PA7，PB0、PB1），这里拿出初始化PA6例子

GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
    RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE); 
    GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOA,GPIO_PinSource6,GPIO_AF_TIM3); 
    
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_6; 
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF; 
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_100MHz; 
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP; 
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_UP; 
    GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);

### 5.1.2 定时器初始化配置 ###

TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef  TIM_TimeBaseStructure;
    TIM_ARRPreloadConfig(TIM3,ENABLE);
    
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler=psc; 
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode=TIM_CounterMode_Up; 
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period=arr; 
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision=TIM_CKD_DIV1;
    TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM3,&TIM_TimeBaseStructure);
    TIM_Cmd(TIM3, ENABLE);

### 5.1.3 pwm输出配置 ###

这里同样拿出PA6引脚对应得配置过程

TIM_OCInitTypeDef  TIM_OCInitStructure;
    
    TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1; 
    TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable; 
    TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High; 
    TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_Pulse=0;
    TIM_OC1Init(TIM3, &TIM_OCInitStructure); 
    TIM_OC1PreloadConfig(TIM3, TIM_OCPreload_Enable); 
    
    TIM_ITConfig(TIM3,TIM_IT_Update,ENABLE); 
    TIM_CtrlPWMOutputs(TIM3,ENABLE);

## 5.2 占空比实现 ##

TIM3_PWM_Init(arr-1,7-1);//tim3初始化
    
    TIM_SetCompare1(TIM3,duty1);
    TIM_SetCompare2(TIM3,duty2);
    TIM_SetCompare3(TIM3,duty3);
    TIM_SetCompare4(TIM3,duty4);

实验现象对比图  
![3][]

## 5.3 输出显示 ##

显示代码：

OLED_ShowString(0,0,"Chann1:",16);
     OLED_ShowFloatNum(56,0,(float)duty1/arr*100,7,16);
     OLED_ShowString(112,0,"%",16);
     OLED_ShowString(0,16,"Chann2:",16);
     OLED_ShowFloatNum(56,16,(float)duty2/arr*100,7,16);
     OLED_ShowString(112,16,"%",16);
     OLED_ShowString(0,32,"Chann3:",16);
     OLED_ShowFloatNum(56,32,(float)duty3/arr*100,7,16);
     OLED_ShowString(112,32,"%",16);
     OLED_ShowString(0,48,"Chann4:",16);
     OLED_ShowFloatNum(56,48,(float)duty4/arr*100,7,16);
     OLED_ShowString(112,48,"%",16);

实验现象图：  
![4][]

## 5.4 占空比调节 ##

### 5.4.1按键设计模块 ###

case 1: if(chmode == 1)  chmode = 2;
            else if(chmode == 2)  chmode = 3;
            else if(chmode == 3)  chmode = 4;
            else if(chmode == 4)  chmode = 1;                
                key=0;break;
    case 2: if(chmode == 1)  duty1 += duty_index;
            else if(chmode == 2)  duty2 += duty_index;
            else if(chmode == 3)  duty3 += duty_index;
            else if(chmode == 4)  duty4 += duty_index;
            key=0;break;                            
    case 3: if(chmode == 1)  duty1 -= duty_index;
            else if(chmode == 2)  duty2 -= duty_index;
            else if(chmode == 3)  duty3 -= duty_index;
            else if(chmode == 4)  duty4 -= duty_index;
            key=0;break;//
    case 4: if(duty_index == 1)  duty_index = 2;
            else if(duty_index == 2) duty_index = 4;
            else if(duty_index == 4) duty_index = 5;
            else if(duty_index == 5) duty_index = 6;    
            else if(duty_index == 6) duty_index = 10;    
            else if(duty_index == 10) duty_index = 40;
            else if(duty_index == 40) duty_index = 1;           
            key=0;break;// 
    case 5: arr+=50;
            key=0;break;//
            case 6:   arr-=50;
            key=0;break;

### 5.4.2 显示模块 ###

OLED_ShowString(0,0,"dutyIndex:",16);
    OLED_ShowNum(80,0,duty_index,2,16);
    OLED_ShowString(0,16,"Channel:",16);
    OLED_ShowNum(64,16,chmode,1,16);
    OLED_ShowString(0,32,"TIM1->ARR:",16);
    OLED_ShowNum(80,32,arr,4,16);

实物现象对比图  
通过按键1来切换不同的通道，按键2/3控制占空比的增减  
![5][]

## 5.5 spwm设计 ##

对于高级定时器，可以添加死区

### 5.5.1 死区初始化 ###

TIM_BDTRInitTypeDef TIM_BDTRInitStructure;
    
        TIM_BDTRInitStructure.TIM_AutomaticOutput=TIM_AutomaticOutput_Enable;
        TIM_BDTRInitStructure.TIM_Break= TIM_Break_Disable;
        TIM_BDTRInitStructure.TIM_BreakPolarity=TIM_BreakPolarity_High;
        TIM_BDTRInitStructure.TIM_DeadTime=dead;//¸øËÀÇøÊ±¼ä
        TIM_BDTRInitStructure.TIM_LOCKLevel=TIM_LOCKLevel_OFF;
        TIM_BDTRInitStructure.TIM_OSSRState=TIM_OSSRState_Enable;
        TIM_BDTRInitStructure.TIM_OSSIState=TIM_OSSIState_Enable;
        TIM_BDTRConfig(TIM1,&TIM_BDTRInitStructure);

### 5.5.2 spwm波表选择 ###

这里我们可以简单的用c语言代码生成对应点数值，生成SPWM波表

float sin_value[672]=
    {
       0.500000,0.504207,0.508415,0.512621,0.516826,0.521030,0.525232,0.529431,
    0.533629,0.537823,0.542014,0.546201,0.550384,0.554563,0.558737,0.562906,
    0.567069,0.571227,0.575378,0.579522,0.583660,0.587791,0.591913,0.596028,
    0.600134,0.604232,0.608320,0.612399,0.616469,0.620528,0.624576,0.628614,
    0.632640,0.636655,0.640657,0.644648,0.648626,0.652590,0.656542,0.660480,
    0.664403,0.668313,0.672208,0.676087,0.679951,0.683800,0.687632,0.691448,
    0.695248,0.699030,0.702795,0.706542,0.710271,0.713982,0.717673,0.721346,
    0.725000,0.728634,0.732248,0.735841,
    
    ... ... ...
    
    0.304752,0.308552,0.312368,0.316200,0.320049,0.323913,0.327792,0.331687,
    0.335597,0.339520,0.343458,0.347410,0.351374,0.355352,0.359343,0.363345,
    0.367360,0.371386,0.375424,0.379472,0.383531,0.387601,0.391680,0.395768,
    0.399866,0.403972,0.408087,0.412209,0.416340,0.420477,0.424622,0.428773,
    0.432931,0.437094,0.441263,0.445437,0.449616,0.453799,0.457986,0.462177,
    0.466371,0.470569,0.474768,0.478970,0.483174,0.487379,0.491585,0.495793};

### 5.5.3 spwm中断程序 ###

void TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler(void)
    {
        if(TIM_GetITStatus(TIM1,TIM_IT_Update)==SET)
        {
            spwm_duty = 1000*sin_value[cnt++];
            if(cnt == 672)
                cnt = 0;
            TIM_SetCompare1(TIM1,spwm_duty);
        }
        TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM1,TIM_IT_Update);  
    }

实验现象图  
![5][5 1]

[1]: /images/20220520/045eeacbf22c42c0b7b3aed309c80980.png
[3]: /images/20220520/0698824a1be14968bf6a6bcdcf87e824.png
[4]: /images/20220520/a7cd187b14b24ed08b8727c5534171ed.png
[5]: /images/20220520/636d6437e50a478e986b41a2152720ac.png
[5 1]: /images/20220520/3735cb118b3e46aca82ed01b2f0ef475.png