ubuntu 换源 (阿里源/清华源)

落日映苍穹つ 2022-05-20 04:14 452阅读 0赞

\#\# 系统没有python的情况(如docker镜像) \[Updated\_at: 2021-02-06\]

# 需先切换到root用户
    # sudo su
    cd /etc/apt  # cd到源列表所在目录
    [[ -f sources.list.origin ]] || cp sources.list sources.list.origin  # 备份原文件
    sed -i 's/^$deb\|deb-src$ $[^ ]*$ $.*$/\1 http:\/\/mirrors.aliyun.com\/ubuntu\/ \3/' sources.list  # 替换为阿里源

\#\# 系统有python(python2或python3都可以)的情况

一行命令搞定(换阿里云源)（ubuntu16/ubuntu18/ubuntu20都已试过可行）：

export mirror_target="https://mirrors.aliyun.com" && export source_fname="/etc/apt/sources.list" && ((sudo which python>>/dev/null&&export python=python) || (sudo which python3>>/dev/null&&export python=python3)||python) && export switch_apt_sources="target='$mirror_target';fname='$source_fname';import re;fp=open(fname, 'r+');s=fp.read();skip={};target not in s or skip.setdefault('a', 'Sources of \`{}\` already set to \`{}\`\nSkip.'.format(fname, target));ss=re.sub(r'https*://[^/]+/', target+'/', s);skip or fp.seek(0);skip or fp.truncate();skip or fp.write(ss);fp.close();import os;bak=fname+'.bak';bak_exists=os.path.exists(bak);os.system('sudo touch '+bak);fp2=open(bak, 'r+');bak_exists or fp2.write(s);fp2.close();tip=skip.get('a', 'Changed sources of \`{}\` to \`{}\`\nDone.'.format(fname, target));print('\n'+tip)" && sudo $python -c "$switch_apt_sources"  #echo "sudo $python -c \"$switch_apt_sources\""

或

curl https://gitee.com/waketzheng/carstino/raw/master/change_ubuntu_mirror_sources.py|sudo python   # 支持Python2.7+

该命令做了这些事情：

1. 读取镜像列表文件/etc/apt/sources.list的内容，判断文件中是否包含mirror\_target，若已包含则什么也不做，否则进行下一步

2. 把镜像列表文件备份为/etc/apt/sources.list.bak (如果备份文件已存在，则跳过该步骤)

3. 把/etc/apt/sources.list中，所有http://xxx/的内容替换为mirror\_target，最终的文件内容见文章底部

PS: 命令大致相当于如下Python代码

#!/usr/bin/env python
    import os
    import re
    import sys
    
    SOURCES = {
        "163": "https://mirrors.163.com",
        "aliyun": "https://mirrors.aliyun.com",
        "qinghua": "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn",
    }
    DEFAULT = SOURCES["163"]
    SOURCE_FILE = "/etc/apt/sources.list"
    
    
    def parse_argv(args):
        for arg in args:
            if arg.startswith("http"):
                return arg
            for k in SOURCES:
                if k in arg:
                    return SOURCES[k]
        return DEFAULT
    
    
    def main(fname=SOURCE_FILE):
        target = parse_argv(sys.argv[1:]).rstrip("/")
        with open(fname) as fp:
            s = fp.read()
        if target in s:
            msg = "Sources of `{}` already set to `{}`\nSkip."
            print(msg.format(fname, target))
            return
    
        ss = re.sub(r"https*://[^/]+/", target + "/", s)
        try:
            with open(fname, "w") as fp:
                fp.write(ss)
        except IOError as e:
            print(e)
            tip = "\nYou may need to run as root:\n\n  sudo python {}\n"
            print(tip.format(sys.argv[0]))
            return
    
        bak = fname + ".bak"
        if not os.path.exists(bak):
            with open(bak, "w") as fp:
                fp.write(s)
                print("Backup old sources file to `{}`".format(bak))
    
        print("Changed sources of `{}` to `{}`\nDone.".format(fname, target))
    
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        main()

\------------------------------------

清华源的话，用这个：

export mirror_target="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn" && export source_fname="/etc/apt/sources.list" && ((sudo which python>>/dev/null&&export python=python) || (sudo which python3>>/dev/null&&export python=python3)||python) && export switch_apt_sources="target='$mirror_target';fname='$source_fname';import re;fp=open(fname, 'r+');s=fp.read();skip={};target not in s or skip.setdefault('a', 'Sources of \`{}\` already set to \`{}\`\nSkip.'.format(fname, target));ss=re.sub(r'https*://[^/]+/', target+'/', s);skip or fp.seek(0);skip or fp.truncate();skip or fp.write(ss);fp.close();import os;bak=fname+'.bak';bak_exists=os.path.exists(bak);os.system('sudo touch '+bak);fp2=open(bak, 'r+');bak_exists or fp2.write(s);fp2.close();tip=skip.get('a', 'Changed sources of \`{}\` to \`{}\`\nDone.'.format(fname, target));print('\n'+tip)" && sudo $python -c "$switch_apt_sources"  #echo "sudo $python -c \"$switch_apt_sources\""

>>> pipenv或pip换源请看这个[https://blog.csdn.net/jaket5219999/article/details/80815847][https_blog.csdn.net_jaket5219999_article_details_80815847]

PS：

国内源的url可参照ubuntu官网对国内源的介绍[http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF:18.04source][http_wiki.ubuntu.org.cn_E6_A8_A1_E6_9D_BF_18.04source]

国内常用的几大源有（摘自：[https://blog.csdn.net/jmh1996/article/details/80432780][https_blog.csdn.net_jmh1996_article_details_80432780]）：

Ubuntu 官方中國（目前是阿里云）http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
    網易（廣東廣州電信/聯通千兆雙線接入）http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/
    搜狐（山東聯通千兆接入）http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/
    阿里云（北京萬網/浙江杭州） http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/
    開源鏡像文件搜索 http://ubuntu.mirrors.org.cn/
    
    教育網专线：
    
    中科大 LUG（合肥，電信/聯通/移動/教育網自動分流，同時也是 Deepin 官方）
    https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ (v4/v6) http://mirrors4.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ (v4) http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ (v6)
    中科院 OpenCAS
    http://mirrors.opencas.cn/ubuntu/
    清華 TUNA（教育網核心節點百兆接入，已計畫提高到千兆）
    http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ (v4/v6) http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ (v4) http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ (v6)

Ubuntu18（清华源下载的vagrant镜像版）换源后的/etc/apt/sources.list

## Note, this file is written by cloud-init on first boot of an instance
    ## modifications made here will not survive a re-bundle.
    ## if you wish to make changes you can:
    ## a.) add 'apt_preserve_sources_list: true' to /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg
    ##     or do the same in user-data
    ## b.) add sources in /etc/apt/sources.list.d
    ## c.) make changes to template file /etc/cloud/templates/sources.list.tmpl
    
    # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
    # newer versions of the distribution.
    deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu bionic main restricted
    # deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu bionic main restricted
    
    ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
    ## distribution.
    deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main restricted
    # deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main restricted
    
    ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
    ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
    ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
    deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu bionic universe
    # deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu bionic universe
    deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu bionic-updates universe
    # deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu bionic-updates universe
    
    ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
    ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
    ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
    ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
    ## security team.
    deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu bionic multiverse
    # deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu bionic multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu bionic-updates multiverse
    # deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu bionic-updates multiverse
    
    ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
    ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
    ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
    ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
    ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
    deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    # deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    
    ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
    ## 'partner' repository.
    ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
    ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
    # deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
    # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
    
    deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
    # deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
    deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
    # deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
    deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
    # deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse

[https_blog.csdn.net_jaket5219999_article_details_80815847]: https://blog.csdn.net/jaket5219999/article/details/80815847
[http_wiki.ubuntu.org.cn_E6_A8_A1_E6_9D_BF_18.04source]: http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF:18.04source
[https_blog.csdn.net_jmh1996_article_details_80432780]: https://blog.csdn.net/jmh1996/article/details/80432780