消息队列：Ubuntu16.04安装和Web页面管理RabbitMQ（楼主亲测、真实有效）

电玩女神 2022-05-15 00:59 405阅读 0赞

## RabbitMQ ##

总来来说，RabbitMQ的安装还是有一些难度的。不同的方式，安装的方法也是完全不一样，还要解决蛮多依赖。加上现在有些网站，极其不负责，很多博文都没有经过测试检验就直接发出来的。楼主来亲测一下，希望能对大家有好的帮助。

## 一、安装前的准备 ##

要确保，你有Erlang的环境。  
[楼主亲测安装Erlang][Erlang]

![这里写图片描述][70]

## 二、安装RabbitMQ ##

### 1、添加 apt repository仓库 ###

推荐通过apt repository的方式安装。不然你需要自己去解决蛮多依赖的问题

To add the apt repository to the source list directory (/etc/apt/sources.list.d), use:

So, on Ubuntu 18.04 the above command becomes：

echo "deb https://dl.bintray.com/rabbitmq/debian bionic main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bintray.rabbitmq.list

and on Ubuntu 16.04 it would be：

echo "deb https://dl.bintray.com/rabbitmq/debian xenial main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bintray.rabbitmq.list

### 2、添加`Signing Key` ###

In order to use the repository, add a key used to sign RabbitMQ releases to apt-key:

wget -O - 'https://dl.bintray.com/rabbitmq/Keys/rabbitmq-release-signing-key.asc' | sudo apt-key add -

### 3、更新下系统库 ###

Run the following command to update the package list:

sudo apt-get update

### 4、安装`rabbitmq-server` ###

sudo apt-get install rabbitmq-server

过程会让你输入`y`同意就好。

不报错就OK了

## 三、启动RabbitMQ ##

### 1、启动命令： ###

service rabbitmq-server start

### 2、查看RabbitMQ的状态 ###

service rabbitmq-server status

![这里写图片描述][70 1]

## 四、Web页面管理RabbitMQ ##

### 1、开启页面管理 ###

rabbitmq既可以命令行操作，也可以用rabbitmq自带的web管理界面，只需要启动插件便可以使用。

rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management

结果如下

root@ubuntu:/home/rabbitmq# rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
    warning: the VM is running with native name encoding of latin1 which may cause Elixir to malfunction as it expects utf8. Please ensure your locale is set to UTF-8 (which can be verified by running "locale" in your shell)
    The following plugins have been configured:
      rabbitmq_management
      rabbitmq_management_agent
      rabbitmq_web_dispatch
    Applying plugin configuration to rabbit@ubuntu...
    The following plugins have been enabled:
      rabbitmq_management
      rabbitmq_management_agent
      rabbitmq_web_dispatch
    
    started 3 plugins.
    root@ubuntu:/home/rabbitmq#

### 2、登陆页面 ###

然后通过浏览器访问，如果是本机则可以输入[http://127.0.0.1:15672][http_127.0.0.1_15672]打开登录界面，输入用户名和密码访问web管理界面了。默认用户名guest密码guest。  
![这里写图片描述][70 2]

我这是远程的，就登陆不了。会报：`User can only log in via localhost`

### 3、解决`User can only log in via localhost` ###

*  你需要先停止`rabbitmq`

service rabbitmq-server stop

*  这个时候，需要编辑`/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.config`文件

本来是没有这个文件的。  
你在执行下面的`vi`编辑命令的时候

vi /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.config

会自动创建，你将下面的这个配置复制进去。

[
    {rabbit, [{tcp_listeners, [5672]}, {loopback_users, ["admin"]}]}
    ].

*  启动RabbitMQ，开启web访问

service rabbitmq-server start

rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management

*  你再登陆，就可以远程登陆啦。

![这里写图片描述][70 3]

## 五、关于RabbitMQ的配置和端口问题 ##

### 1、配置 ###

一般使用默认配置就好了，具体配置可参考官方配置说明。  
[Rabbit官方配置说明][Rabbit]

### 2、端口 ###

默认的一些重要端口：

> 4369 – erlang发现口  
> 5672 –client端通信口  
> 15672 – 管理界面ui端口  
> 25672 – server间内部通信口

其他端口请参考官方文档：[端口说明][Link 1]

以下为rabbitmq的默认端口，如果这些端口被其他程序占用，rabbitmq就会出错。

> 4369: epmd, a peer discovery service used by RabbitMQ nodes and CLI tools  
> 5672, 5671: used by AMQP 0-9-1 and 1.0 clients without and with TLS  
> 25672: used for inter-node and CLI tools communication (Erlang distribution server port) and is allocated from a dynamic range (limited to a single port by default, computed as AMQP port + 20000). See networking guide for details.  
> 35672-35682: used by CLI tools (Erlang distribution client ports) for communication with nodes and is allocated from a dynamic range (computed as Erlang dist port + 10000 through dist port + 10010). See networking guide for details.  
> 15672: HTTP API clients and rabbitmqadmin (only if the management plugin is enabled)  
> 61613, 61614: STOMP clients without and with TLS (only if the STOMP plugin is enabled)  
> 1883, 8883: (MQTT clients without and with TLS, if the MQTT plugin is enabled  
> 15674: STOMP-over-WebSockets clients (only if the Web STOMP plugin is enabled)  
> 15675: MQTT-over-WebSockets clients (only if the Web MQTT plugin is enabled)

运行sudo netstat -tlnpe命令可以看到rabbitmq默认的监听端口。

root@ubuntu:~# netstat -tlnpe
    Active Internet connections (only servers)
    Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       User       Inode       PID/Program name
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      0          16278       1007/sshd       
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:15672           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      112        184136      27132/beam.smp  
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:25672           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      112        184091      27132/beam.smp  
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:4369            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      112        184041      27223/epmd      
    tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      0          16280       1007/sshd       
    tcp6       0      0 :::5672                 :::*                    LISTEN      112        184123      27132/beam.smp  
    tcp6       0      0 :::4369                 :::*                    LISTEN      112        184042      27223/epmd      
    root@ubuntu:~#

因为上面运行了sudo rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq\_management，所以这里可以看到15672这个端口。

如果相冲突的话，可以参考官网文档[端口修改文档][Link 1]修改或者杀掉占用端口配置的文件。

## 六、RabbitMQ常用的一些命令 ##

> sudo chkconfig rabbitmq-server on \#添加开机启动（chkconfig一般只有redhat系统有）RabbitMQ服务  
> sudo service rabbitmq-server start \# 启动服务  
> sudo service rabbitmq-server status \# 查看服务状态  
> sudo service rabbitmq-server stop \# 停止服务  
> sudo rabbitmqctl stop \# 停止服务  
> sudo rabbitmqctl status \# 查看服务状态  
> sudo rabbitmqctl list\_users \# 查看当前所有用户  
> sudo rabbitmqctl list\_user\_permissions guest \# 查看默认guest用户的权限  
> sudo rabbitmqctl delete\_user guest\# 删掉默认用户(由于RabbitMQ默认的账号用户名和密码都是guest。为了安全起见, 可以删掉默认用户）  
> sudo rabbitmqctl add\_user username password \# 添加新用户  
> sudo rabbitmqctl set\_user\_tags username administrator\# 设置用户tag  
> sudo rabbitmqctl set\_permissions -p / username “.*” “.*” “.\*” \# 赋予用户默认vhost的全部操作权限  
> sudo rabbitmqctl list\_user\_permissions username \# 查看用户的权限

好啦，接下来就祝大家都能够工作和学习顺利啦。

[Erlang]: https://blog.csdn.net/wd2014610/article/details/81945922
[70]: /images/20220515/c341add3c17a49e0a3ec9489d7a7db68.png
[70 1]: /images/20220515/0c5049fd1a1c4acfb533e3903a495c8c.png
[http_127.0.0.1_15672]: http://127.0.0.1:15672
[70 2]: /images/20220515/fac1d08f52e34a76a53d37b62d23cbef.png
[70 3]: /images/20220515/39099068ef5a4fccb0682c97174c194f.png
[Rabbit]: http://www.rabbitmq.com/configure.html
[Link 1]: http://www.rabbitmq.com/networking.html