Flask、sqlite3、pipenv实现用户注册和登录（HandBook，菜鸟都会的)

妖狐艹你老母 2022-04-15 23:55 230阅读 0赞

Ubuntu 16.04+Python 3.5.2+Vim

[github URL查看每个步骤的代码][github URL]

一、环境搭建  
`/usr/ccdocs`下新建一个目录【`myproject`】，并将其更改为一个Python项目的文件夹，启动Pipenv：

chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:~$ cd /usr/ccdocs
    chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs$ sudo mkdir myproject
    chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs$ sudo chmod 777 myproject
    chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs$ cd myproject
    chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ pipenv --three
    Creating a virtualenv for this project…
    Pipfile: /usr/ccdocs/myproject/Pipfile
    Using /usr/bin/python3.5 (3.5.2) to create virtualenv…
    ⠼Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python3.5
    Using base prefix '/usr'
    New python executable in /home/chenchen/.local/share/virtualenvs/myproject-f5Hwi5Rz/bin/python3.5
    Also creating executable in /home/chenchen/.local/share/virtualenvs/myproject-f5Hwi5Rz/bin/python
    Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...
    done.
    
    Virtualenv location: /home/chenchen/.local/share/virtualenvs/myproject-f5Hwi5Rz
    Creating a Pipfile for this project…
    chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ ll
    总用量 12
    drwxrwxrwx 2 root     root     4096 11月 14 16:49 ./
    drwxr-xr-x 4 root     root     4096 11月 14 15:58 ../
    -rw-rw-r-- 1 chenchen chenchen  138 11月 14 16:49 Pipfile
    chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ pipenv lock
    Locking [dev-packages] dependencies…
    Locking [packages] dependencies…
    Updated Pipfile.lock (a79791)!
    chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ ll
    总用量 16
    drwxrwxrwx 2 root     root     4096 11月 14 17:16 ./
    drwxr-xr-x 4 root     root     4096 11月 14 15:58 ../
    -rw-rw-r-- 1 chenchen chenchen  138 11月 14 16:49 Pipfile
    -rw-r--r-- 1 chenchen chenchen  453 11月 14 17:16 Pipfile.lock
    chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ pipenv shell
    Launching subshell in virtual environment…
    chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$  . /home/chenchen/.local/share/virtualenvs/myproject-f5Hwi5Rz/bin/activate
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$

安装Flask：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ pipenv install flask
    Installing flask…
    Collecting flask
    ...
    ...
    Successfully installed Jinja2-2.10 MarkupSafe-1.1.0 Werkzeug-0.14.1 click-7.0 flask-1.0.2 itsdangerous-1.1.0
    
    Adding flask to Pipfile's [packages]…
    Pipfile.lock (e239e5) out of date, updating to (a79791)…
    Locking [dev-packages] dependencies…
    Locking [packages] dependencies…
    Updated Pipfile.lock (e239e5)!
    Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (e239e5)…
      ?   ▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉ 6/6 — 00:00:01

二、注册登录项目 创建过程  
1、

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ sudo mkdir app
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ sudo chmod 777 app
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ vim __init__.py
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ ll
    总用量 12
    drwxrwxrwx 2 root     root     4096 11月 14 18:39 ./
    drwxrwxrwx 3 root     root     4096 11月 14 18:31 ../
    -rw-rw-r-- 1 chenchen chenchen   71 11月 14 18:39 __init__.py
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ cat __init__.py
    from flask import Flask
    
    app = Flask(__name__)
    
    from app import routes
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ vim routes.py
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ cat routes.py
    from app import app
    
    @app.route('/')
    @app.route('/index')
    
    def index():
    	return "Hello, World!"
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ cd ..
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/$ vim run.py
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/$ cat run.py
    from app import app
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ tree#展示项目结构图
    .
    ├── app
    │   ├── __init__.py
    │   └── routes.py
    ├── Pipfile
    ├── Pipfile.lock
    └── run.py
    
    1 directory, 5 files
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$

运行程序

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ flask run
     * Environment: production
       WARNING: Do not use the development server in a production environment.
       Use a production WSGI server instead.
     * Debug mode: off
     * Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
    127.0.0.1 - - [14/Nov/2018 18:53:29] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -

Chrome浏览器输入：127.0.0.1:5000  
![在这里插入图片描述][20181114185555513.png]  
运行OK。  
接着实现git 分支管理：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git init
    已初始化空的 Git 仓库于 /usr/ccdocs/myproject/.git/
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ ll
    总用量 32
    drwxrwxrwx 4 root     root     4096 11月 14 22:36 ./
    drwxr-xr-x 4 root     root     4096 11月 14 15:58 ../
    drwxrwxrwx 2 root     root     4096 11月 14 18:50 app/
    drwxrwxr-x 7 chenchen chenchen 4096 11月 14 22:36 .git/
    -rw-rw-r-- 1 chenchen chenchen  150 11月 14 17:36 Pipfile
    -rw-r--r-- 1 chenchen chenchen 4564 11月 14 17:37 Pipfile.lock
    -rw-rw-r-- 1 chenchen chenchen   20 11月 14 18:44 run.py
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git status
    位于分支 master
    
    尚无提交
    
    未跟踪的文件:
      （使用 "git add <文件>..." 以包含要提交的内容）
    
    	Pipfile
    	Pipfile.lock
    	app/
    	run.py
    
    提交为空，但是存在尚未跟踪的文件（使用 "git add" 建立跟踪）
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git add Pipfile
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git add Pipfile.lock
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git add app/
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git add run.py
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git commit -m "搭建初始框架"
    [master（根提交） 6596460] 搭建初始框架
     5 files changed, 115 insertions(+)
     create mode 100644 Pipfile
     create mode 100644 Pipfile.lock
     create mode 100644 app/__init__.py
     create mode 100644 app/routes.py
     create mode 100644 run.py
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git status
    位于分支 master
    无文件要提交，干净的工作区
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git checkout -b v01
    切换到一个新分支 'v01'
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git status
    位于分支 v01
    无文件要提交，干净的工作区
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git branch
      master
    * v01
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git checkout master
    切换到分支 'master'
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git checkout -b v02
    切换到一个新分支 'v02'
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git branch
      master
      v01
    * v02
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git status
    位于分支 v02
    无文件要提交，干净的工作区
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$

2、模板定义

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git status
    位于分支 v02
    无文件要提交，干净的工作区
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ cd app
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ sudo mkdir templates
    [sudo] chenchen 的密码： 
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ cd templates
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ sudo chmod 777 templates
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ cd templates
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app/templates$ vim index.html
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app/templates$ cat index.html
    <html>
    	<head>
    		<title>{
       { title }}-Home </title>
    	</head>
    	<body>
    		<h1>Hello, {
       { user.username }}!</h1>
    	</body>
    </html>
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app/templates$ cd ..
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ vim routes.py
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ cat routes.py
    from app import app
    from flask import render_template
    
    @app.route('/')
    @app.route('/index')
    
    def index():
    	user = {'username':'chen'}
    	return render_template('index.html', title='首页', user=user)
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ cd ..
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ flask run
     * Environment: production
       WARNING: Do not use the development server in a production environment.
       Use a production WSGI server instead.
     * Debug mode: off
     * Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
    127.0.0.1 - - [14/Nov/2018 23:14:18] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -

![在这里插入图片描述][20181114231600965.png]

在templates下定义一个基础模板base.html

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ cd app/templates
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app/templates$ vim base.html

代码如下：

<html>
    	<head>
    		<title>{
       { title }}-云测平台</title>
    	</head>
    	<body>
    		<div>
    			<a href="#">登录</a> | <a href="#">注册</a>
    		</div>
    		<hr>
    		{%  block content %}
    		{% endblock %}
    	</body>
    </html>

有了模板就可以简化index.html了：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app/templates$ vim index.html

代码如下：

{% extends "base.html" %}
    
    {% block content %}
    	<h1>这里是index页面，我在完成注册、登录功能</h1>
    {% endblock %}

修改routes.py文件，代码如下：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app/templates$ cd ..
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ vim routes.py

from app import app
    from flask import render_template
    
    @app.route('/')
    @app.route('/index')
    def index():
    	return render_template('index.html', title='首页')

运行程序，效果如下：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ cd ..
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ flask run
     * Environment: production
       WARNING: Do not use the development server in a production environment.
       Use a production WSGI server instead.
     * Debug mode: off
     * Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
    127.0.0.1 - - [15/Nov/2018 11:11:03] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zODI1NjQ3NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

提交git操作，并将分支v02合并到master：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git status
    位于分支 v02
    尚未暂存以备提交的变更：
      （使用 "git add <文件>..." 更新要提交的内容）
      （使用 "git checkout -- <文件>..." 丢弃工作区的改动）
    
    	修改：     app/routes.py
    
    未跟踪的文件:
      （使用 "git add <文件>..." 以包含要提交的内容）
    
    	app/templates/
    
    修改尚未加入提交（使用 "git add" 和/或 "git commit -a"）
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git add app/templates/
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git add app/routes.py
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git status
    位于分支 v02
    要提交的变更：
      （使用 "git reset HEAD <文件>..." 以取消暂存）
    
    	修改：     app/routes.py
    	新文件：   app/templates/base.html
    	新文件：   app/templates/index.html
    
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git commit -m "使用模板"
    [v02 a3858ea] 使用模板
     3 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
     create mode 100644 app/templates/base.html
     create mode 100644 app/templates/index.html
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git status
    位于分支 v02
    无文件要提交，干净的工作区
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git branch
      master
      v01
    * v02
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git checkout master
    切换到分支 'master'
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git merge v02
    更新 6596460..a3858ea
    Fast-forward
     app/routes.py            |  4 ++--
     app/templates/base.html  | 13 +++++++++++++
     app/templates/index.html |  5 +++++
     3 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
     create mode 100644 app/templates/base.html
     create mode 100644 app/templates/index.html
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$

文件结构：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ tree
    .
    ├── app
    │   ├── __init__.py
    │   ├── routes.py
    │   └── templates
    │       ├── base.html
    │       └── index.html
    ├── Pipfile
    ├── Pipfile.lock
    └── run.py
    
    2 directories, 7 files

3、  
新建分支v03

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ git status
    位于分支 master
    无文件要提交，干净的工作区
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ git checkout -b v03
    切换到一个新分支 'v03'
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ git diff master
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ git status
    位于分支 v03
    无文件要提交，干净的工作区

创建Web表单，用于接受用户输入。

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ pipenv install flask-wtf
    Installing flask-wtf…
    Collecting flask-wtf
    ...
    ...
    Successfully installed WTForms-2.2.1 flask-wtf-0.14.2
    
    Adding flask-wtf to Pipfile's [packages]…
    Pipfile.lock (111144) out of date, updating to (e239e5)…
    Locking [dev-packages] dependencies…
    Locking [packages] dependencies…
    Updated Pipfile.lock (111144)!
    Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (111144)…
      ?   ▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉ 8/8 — 00:00:01

根目录下，增加配置文件`config.py`：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim config.py

import os
    class Config(object):
    	SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY') or 'you will never guess me'

Flask应用程序读取配置文件：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ cd app
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ vim __init__.py

from flask import Flask
    from config import Config
    
    app = Flask(__name__)
    app.config.from_object(Config)
    
    from app import routes

创建登录表单

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ vim forms.py

from flask_wtf import FlaskForm
    from wtforms import StringField,PasswordField,BooleanField,SubmitField
    from wtforms.validators import DataRequired
    
    class LoginForm(FlaskForm):
    	username = StringField('用户名',validators=[DataRequired()])
    	password = PasswordField('密码',validators=[DataRequired()])
    	remember_me = BooleanField('记住我')
    	submit = SubmitField('登录')

将登录表单添加到HTML模板中，呈现在网页上。

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ cd templates
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app/templates$ vim login.html

`login.html`代码：

{ % extends "base.html" %}
    { % block content %}
    	<h1>登录</h1>
    	<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
    		{ {  form.hidden_tag() }}
    		<p>
    			{ {  form.username.label }}<br>
    			{ {  form.username(size=32) }}
    		</p>
    		<p>
    			{ {  form.password.label }}<br>
    			{ {  form.password(size=32) }}
    		</p>
    		<p>
    			{ {  form.remember_me() }}
    			{ {  form.remember_me.label }}
    		</p>
    		<p>
    			{ {  form.submit() }}
    		</p>
    { % endblock %}

编写一个登录的视图函数，用于渲染`login.html`模板：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app/templates$ cd ..
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ vim routes.py

`routes.py`代码：

from app import app
    from flask import render_template
    from app.forms import LoginForm
    
    @app.route('/')
    @app.route('/index')
    def index():
    	return render_template('index.html', title='首页')
    
    @app.route('/login')
    def login():
    	form = LoginForm()
    	return render_template('login.html', title='登录', form=form)

基础模板base.html 导航栏增加登录链接：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app/templates$ vim base.html

<html>
    	<head>
    		<title>{
       { title }}-云测平台</title>
    	</head>
    	<body>
    		<div>
    			<a href="/login">登录</a> | <a href="#">注册</a>
    		</div>
    		<hr>
    		{%  block content %}
    		{% endblock %}
    	</body>
    </html>

运行程序，查看效果：

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zODI1NjQ3NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

处理用户提交的数据，接受、验证用户的数据，`routes.py`：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/routes.py

from app import app
    from flask import render_template, flash, redirect
    from app.forms import LoginForm
    
    @app.route('/')
    @app.route('/index')
    def index():
    	return render_template('index.html', title='首页')
    
    @app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
    def login():
    	form = LoginForm()
    	if form.validate_on_submit():
    		return redirect('index')
    	return render_template('login.html', title='登录', form=form)

增强字段验证，`login.html`：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/templates/login.html

{ % extends "base.html" %}
    { % block content %}
    	<h1>登录</h1>
    	<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
    		{ {  form.hidden_tag() }}
    		<p>
    			{ {  form.username.label }}<br>
    			{ {  form.username(size=32) }}<br>
    			{ % for error in form.username.errors %}
    				<span style="color:red;">[{ {  error }}]</span>
    			{ % endfor %}
    		</p>
    		<p>
    			{ {  form.password.label }}<br>
    			{ {  form.password(size=32) }}<br>
    			{ % for error in form.password.errors %}
    				<span style="color:red;">[{ {  error }}]</span>
    			{ % endfor %}
    		</p>
    		<p>
    			{ {  form.remember_me() }}
    			{ {  form.remember_me.label }}
    		</p>
    		<p>
    			{ {  form.submit() }}
    		</p>
    { % endblock %}

生成URL，使用`url_for()`函数：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/templates/base.html

<html>
    	<head>
    		<title>{ {  title }}-云测平台</title>
    	</head>
    	<body>
    		<div>
    			<a href="{ { url_for('login') }}">登录</a> | <a href="#">注册</a>
    		</div>
    		<hr>
    		{ %  block content %}
    		{ % endblock %}
    	</body>
    </html>

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/routes.py

from app import app
    from flask import render_template, flash, redirect, url_for
    from app.forms import LoginForm
    
    @app.route('/')
    @app.route('/index')
    def index():
    	return render_template('index.html', title='首页')
    
    @app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
    def login():
    	form = LoginForm()
    	if form.validate_on_submit():
    		return redirect(url_for('index'))
    	return render_template('login.html', title='登录', form=form)

项目结构：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ tree
    .
    ├── app
    │   ├── forms.py
    │   ├── __init__.py
    │   ├── routes.py
    │   └── templates
    │       ├── base.html
    │       ├── index.html
    │       └── login.html
    ├── config.py
    ├── Pipfile
    ├── Pipfile.lock
    └── run.py
    
    2 directories, 10 files

git操作：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git status
    位于分支 v03
    尚未暂存以备提交的变更：
      （使用 "git add <文件>..." 更新要提交的内容）
      （使用 "git checkout -- <文件>..." 丢弃工作区的改动）
    
    	修改：     Pipfile
    	修改：     Pipfile.lock
    	修改：     app/__init__.py
    	修改：     app/routes.py
    	修改：     app/templates/base.html
    
    未跟踪的文件:
      （使用 "git add <文件>..." 以包含要提交的内容）
    
    	app/forms.py
    	app/templates/login.html
    	config.py
    
    修改尚未加入提交（使用 "git add" 和/或 "git commit -a"）
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git add app/forms.py
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git add app/templates/login.html
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git add config.py
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git add app/forms.py
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git add app/templates/login.html
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git add config.py
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git add Pipfile
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git add Pipfile.lock
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git add app/__init__.py
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git add app/routes.py
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git add app/templates/base.html
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git commit -m "完成web表单"
    [v03 34f9e09] 完成web表单
     8 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
     create mode 100644 app/forms.py
     create mode 100644 app/templates/login.html
     create mode 100644 config.py
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git status
    位于分支 v03
    无文件要提交，干净的工作区
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git checkout master
    切换到分支 'master'
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git merge v03
    更新 a3858ea..34f9e09
    Fast-forward
     Pipfile                  |  1 +
     Pipfile.lock             | 17 ++++++++++++++++-
     app/__init__.py          |  2 ++
     app/forms.py             |  9 +++++++++
     app/routes.py            | 10 +++++++++-
     app/templates/base.html  |  2 +-
     app/templates/login.html | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
     config.py                |  3 +++
     8 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
     create mode 100644 app/forms.py
     create mode 100644 app/templates/login.html
     create mode 100644 config.py

4、数据库

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git checkout master
    切换到分支 'master'
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git checkout -b v04
    切换到一个新分支 'v04'
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git status
    位于分支 v04
    无文件要提交，干净的工作区
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git branch
      master
      v01
      v02
      v03
    * v04

安装sqlite3：在开发过程中使用sqlite3，在生产服务器上部署时可使用MySQL，无需改变应用程序。

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ sudo apt-get install sqlite3
    [sudo] chenchen 的密码： 
    正在读取软件包列表... 完成
    正在分析软件包的依赖关系树       
    正在读取状态信息... 完成       
    ...
    ...
    正准备解包 .../sqlite3_3.11.0-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb  ...
    正在解包 sqlite3 (3.11.0-1ubuntu1) ...
    正在处理用于 man-db (2.7.5-1) 的触发器 ...
    正在设置 sqlite3 (3.11.0-1ubuntu1) ...
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ sqlite3 -version
    3.11.0 2016-02-15 17:29:24 3d862f207e3adc00f78066799ac5a8c282430a5f

安装Flask-SQLAlchemy：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ pipenv install flask-sqlalchemy
    ...
    ...
    Successfully installed SQLAlchemy-1.2.14 flask-sqlalchemy-2.3.2
    
    Adding flask-sqlalchemy to Pipfile's [packages]…
    Pipfile.lock (3940c2) out of date, updating to (111144)…
    Locking [dev-packages] dependencies…
    Locking [packages] dependencies…
    Updated Pipfile.lock (3940c2)!
    Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (3940c2)…
      ?   ▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉ 10/10 — 00:00:02

Flask-SQLAlchemy配置：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim config.py

import os
    
    basedir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
    
    class Config(object):
    	SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY') or 'you will never guess me'
    	SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = os.environ.get('DATABASE_URI') or 'sqlite:///' +os.path.join(basedir, 'app.db')
    	SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/__init__.py

from flask import Flask
    from config import Config
    from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
    
    app = Flask(__name__)
    app.config.from_object(Config)
    db = SQLAlchemy(app)
    
    from app import routes, models

为用户创建数据库模型

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/models.py

from app import db
    
    class User(db.Model):
    	id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    	username = db.Column(db.String(64), index=True, unique=True)
    	email = db.Column(db.String(64), index=True, unique=True)
    	password_hash = db.Column(db.String(128))
    	
    	def __repr__(self):
    		return '<User {}>'.format(self.username)

测试一下用户数据库模型：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ python
    Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 23 2017, 16:37:01) 
    [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux
    Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
    >>> from app.models import User
    >>> u = User(username='chenchen', email='chenchen@eaxmple.com')
    >>> u
    <User chenchen>
    >>> exit（）

创建shell上下文，方便在应用程序上下文中启动Python解释器：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim run.py

from app import app,db
    from app.models import User
    
    @app.shell_context_processor
    def make_shell_context():
    	return { 'db':db, 'User':User}

添加了shell 上下文处理器功能后，我们可以方便地使用数据库实体，而无需导入它们：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ export FLASK_APP=run.py
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ flask shell
    Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 23 2017, 16:37:01) 
    [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux
    App: app [production]
    Instance: /usr/ccdocs/myproject/instance
    >>> db
    <SQLAlchemy engine=sqlite:usr/ccdocs/myproject/app.db>
    >>> User
    <class 'app.models.User'>
    >>> exit()

创建一个sqlite3 数据库：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ sqlite3 app.db
    SQLite version 3.11.0 2016-02-15 17:29:24
    Enter ".help" for usage hints.
    sqlite> CREATE TABLE user (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, username VARCHAR(64), email VARCHAR(64), password_hash VARCHAR(128));
    sqlite> .quit
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ flask shell
    Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 23 2017, 16:37:01) 
    [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux
    App: app [production]
    Instance: /usr/ccdocs/myproject/instance
    >>> u = User(username='lvlv', email='lvlv@example.com')
    >>> db.session.add(u)
    >>> db.session.commit()
    >>> users = User.query.all()
    >>> users
    [<User lvlv>]
    >>> exit()

项目结构：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ tree
    .
    ├── app
    │   ├── forms.py
    │   ├── __init__.py
    │   ├── models.py
    │   ├── routes.py
    │   └── templates
    │       ├── base.html
    │       ├── index.html
    │       └── login.html
    ├── app.db
    ├── config.py
    ├── Pipfile
    ├── Pipfile.lock
    └── run.py
    
    2 directories, 12 files

git操作：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git status
    位于分支 v04
    尚未暂存以备提交的变更：
      （使用 "git add <文件>..." 更新要提交的内容）
      （使用 "git checkout -- <文件>..." 丢弃工作区的改动）
    
    	修改：     Pipfile
    	修改：     Pipfile.lock
    	修改：     app/__init__.py
    	修改：     config.py
    	修改：     run.py
    
    未跟踪的文件:
      （使用 "git add <文件>..." 以包含要提交的内容）
    
    	app.db
    	app/models.py
    
    修改尚未加入提交（使用 "git add" 和/或 "git commit -a"）
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git add app.db app/models.py
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git add Pipfile Pipfile.lock app/__init__.py config.py run.py
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git commit -m "添加User模型"
    [v04 3e424f2] 添加User模型
     7 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
     create mode 100644 app.db
     create mode 100644 app/models.py
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git status
    位于分支 v04
    无文件要提交，干净的工作区
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git checkout master
    切换到分支 'master'
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git merge v04
    更新 34f9e09..3e424f2
    Fast-forward
     Pipfile         |   1 +
     Pipfile.lock    |  16 +++++++++++++++-
     app.db          | Bin 0 -> 3072 bytes
     app/__init__.py |   4 +++-
     app/models.py   |  10 ++++++++++
     config.py       |   5 +++++
     run.py          |   7 ++++++-
     7 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
     create mode 100644 app.db
     create mode 100644 app/models.py

5、用户登录  
git 新建分支：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git status
    位于分支 master
    无文件要提交，干净的工作区
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git checkout -b v05
    切换到一个新分支 'v05'
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git status
    位于分支 v05
    无文件要提交，干净的工作区

给用户模型的password\_hash字段实现密码哈希：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/models.py

from app import db
    from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash, check_password_hash
    class User(db.Model):
    	id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    	username = db.Column(db.String(64), index=True, unique=True)
    	email = db.Column(db.String(64), index=True, unique=True)
    	password_hash = db.Column(db.String(128))
    	
    	def __repr__(self):
    		return '<User {}>'.format(self.username)
    	
    	def set_password(self, password):
    		self.password_hash = generate_password_hash(password)
    	
    	def check_password(self, password):
    		return check_password_hash(self.password_hash, password)

安装Flask-Login：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ pipenv install flask-login
    Installing flask-login…
    ...
    ...
    Successfully installed flask-login-0.4.1
    
    Adding flask-login to Pipfile's [packages]…
    Pipfile.lock (8930f0) out of date, updating to (3940c2)…
    Locking [dev-packages] dependencies…
    Locking [packages] dependencies…
    Updated Pipfile.lock (8930f0)!
    Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (8930f0)…

初始化Flask-Login：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/__init__.py

from flask import Flask
    from config import Config
    from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
    from flask_login import LoginManager
    
    app = Flask(__name__)
    app.config.from_object(Config)
    db = SQLAlchemy(app)
    login = LoginManager(app)
    
    from app import routes, models

为Flask-Login准备用户模型、用户加载器功能：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/models.py

from app import db,login
    from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash, check_password_hash
    from flask_login import UserMixin
    
    class User(UserMixin, db.Model):
    	id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    	username = db.Column(db.String(64), index=True, unique=True)
    	email = db.Column(db.String(64), index=True, unique=True)
    	password_hash = db.Column(db.String(128))
    	
    	def __repr__(self):
    		return '<User {}>'.format(self.username)
    	
    	def set_password(self, password):
    		self.password_hash = generate_password_hash(password)
    	
    	def check_password(self, password):
    		return check_password_hash(self.password_hash, password)
    
    @login.user_loader
    def load_user(id):
            return User.query.get(int(id))

修改用户登录视图函数：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/routes.py

from app import app
    from flask import render_template, flash, redirect, url_for
    from app.forms import LoginForm
    from flask_login import current_user, login_user
    from app.models import User
    
    @app.route('/')
    @app.route('/index')
    def index():
    	return render_template('index.html', title='首页')
    
    @app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
    def login():
    	if current_user.is_authenticated:
    		return redirect(url_for('index')
    	form = LoginForm()
    	if form.validate_on_submit():
    		user = User.query.filter_by(username=form.username.data).first()
    		if user is None or not user.check_password(form.password.data):
    			flash('无效的用户名或密码')
    			return redirect(url_for('login'))
    		login_user(user, remember=form.remember_me.data)
    		return redirect(url_for('index'))
    	return render_template('login.html', title='登录', form=form)

增加用户退出视图函数：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/routes.py

from app import app
    from flask import render_template, flash, redirect, url_for
    from app.forms import LoginForm
    from flask_login import current_user, login_user, logout_user
    from app.models import User
    
    @app.route('/')
    @app.route('/index')
    def index():
    	return render_template('index.html', title='首页')
    
    @app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
    def login():
    	if current_user.is_authenticated:
    		return redirect(url_for('index')
    	form = LoginForm()
    	if form.validate_on_submit():
    		user = User.query.filter_by(username=form.username.data).first()
    		if user is None or not user.check_password(form.password.data):
    			flash('无效的用户名或密码')
    			return redirect(url_for('login'))
    		login_user(user, remember=form.remember_me.data)
    		return redirect(url_for('index'))
    	return render_template('login.html', title='登录', form=form)
    
    @app.route('/logout')
    def logout():
    	logout_user()
    	return redirect(url_for('index'))

给基础模板base.html增加条件登录和退出链接：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/templates/base.html

<html>
    	<head>
    		<title>{ {  title }}-云测平台</title>
    	</head>
    	<body>
    		<div>
    			{ % if current_user.is_anonymous %}
    				<a href="{ { url_for('login') }}">登录</a> | <a href="#">注册</a>
    			{ % else %}
    				<a href="{ { url_for('logout') }}">退出</a>
    			{ % endif %}
    		</div>
    		<hr>
    		{ %  block content %}
    		{ % endblock %}
    	</body>
    </html>

要求用户登录：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/__init__.py

`app/routes.py`给index视图函数添加@login\_required装饰器，并重定向到next页面：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/routes.py

from app import app
    from flask import render_template, flash, redirect, url_for, request
    from werkzeug.urls import url_parse
    from app.forms import LoginForm
    from flask_login import current_user, login_user, logout_user, login_required
    from app.models import User
    
    @app.route('/')
    @app.route('/index')
    @login_required
    def index():
    	return render_template('index.html', title='首页')
    
    @app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
    def login():
    	if current_user.is_authenticated:
    		return redirect(url_for('index'))
    	form = LoginForm()
    	if form.validate_on_submit():
    		user = User.query.filter_by(username=form.username.data).first()
    		if user is None or not user.check_password(form.password.data):
    			flash('无效的用户名或密码')
    			return redirect(url_for('login'))
    		login_user(user, remember=form.remember_me.data)
    		
    		next_page = request.args.get('next')
    		if not next_page or url_parse(next_page).netloc != '':
    			next_page = url_for('index')
    		return redirect(next_page)
    	return render_template('login.html', title='登录', form=form)
    
    @app.route('/logout')
    def logout():
    	logout_user()
    	return redirect(url_for('index'))

分别在基础模板导航栏、index模板中显示登录用户：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/templates/base.html

<html>
    	<head>
    		<title>{ {  title }}-云测平台</title>
    	</head>
    	<body>
    		<div>
    			{ % if current_user.is_anonymous %}
    				<a href="{ { url_for('login') }}">登录</a> | <a href="#">注册</a>
    			{ % else %}
    				[{ {  current_user.username }}] | <a href="{ { url_for('logout') }}">退出</a>
    			{ % endif %}
    		</div>
    		<hr>
    		{ %  block content %}
    		{ % endblock %}
    	</body>
    </html>

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/templates/index.html

{ % extends "base.html" %}
    
    { % block content %}
    	<h1>这里是index页面，我在完成注册、登录功能</h1>
    	<p>我是 { {  current_user.username}}</p>
    { % endblock %}

改善体验，如果输入密码或用户名，弹出提示消息：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/templates/base.html

<html>
    	<head>
    		<title>{ {  title }}-云测平台</title>
    	</head>
    	<body>
    		<div>
    			{ % if current_user.is_anonymous %}
    				<a href="{ { url_for('login') }}">登录</a> | <a href="{ { url_for('register') }}">注册</a>
    			{ % else %}
    				[{ {  current_user.username }}] | <a href="{ { url_for('logout') }}">退出</a>
    			{ % endif %}
    		</div>
    		<hr>
    		{ % with messages=get_flashed_messages() %}
    			{ % if messages %}
    				<ul>
    					{ % for message in messages %}
    					<li>{ {  message }}</li>
    					{ % endfor %}
    				</ul>
    			{ % endif %}
    		{ % endwith %}
    		{ %  block content %}
    		{ % endblock %}
    	</body>
    </html>

用户注册：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/forms.py

from flask_wtf import FlaskForm
    from wtforms import StringField,PasswordField,BooleanField,SubmitField
    from wtforms.validators import DataRequired,ValidationError,Email,EqualTo
    from app.models import User
    
    class LoginForm(FlaskForm):
    	username = StringField('用户名',validators=[DataRequired()])
    	password = PasswordField('密码',validators=[DataRequired()])
    	remember_me = BooleanField('记住我')
    	submit = SubmitField('登录')
    
    class RegistrationForm(FlaskFrom):
    	username = StringField('用户名', validators=[DataRequired()])
    	email = StringField('邮箱', validators=[DataRequired()])
    	password = PasswordField('密码', validators=[DataRequired()])
    	password2 = PasswordField('重输一次密码', validators=[DataRequired(), EqualTo('password')])
    	submit = SubmitField('注册')
    	
    	def validate_username(self,username):
    		user = User.query.filter_by(username=username.data).first()
    		if user is not None:
    			raise ValidationError('用户名被占用')
    	def validate_email(self, email):
    		user = User.query.filter_by(email=email.data).first()
    		if user is not None:
    			raise ValidationError('邮箱被占用')

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/templates/register.html

{ % extends "base.html" %}
    
    { % block content %}
    	<h1>用户注册</h1>
    	<form action="" method="post">
    		{ {  form.hidden_tag() }}
    		<p>
    			{ {  form.username.label }}<br>
    			{ {  form.username(size=32) }}<br>
    			{ % for error in form.username.errors %}
    				<span style="color:red;">[{ {  error }}]</span>
    			{ % endfor %}
    		</p>
    		<p>
    			{ {  form.email.label }}<br>
    			{ {  form.email(size=64) }}<br>
    			{ % for error in form.email.error %}
    				<span style="color:red;">[{ {  error }}]</span>
    			{ % endfor %}
    		</p>
    		<p>
    			{ {  form.password.label }}<br>
    			{ {  form.password(size=32) }}<br>
    			{ % for error in form.password.errors %}
    				<span style="color:red;">[{ {  error }}]</span>
    			{ % endfor %}
    		</p>
    		<p>
    			{ {  form.password2.label }}<br>
    			{ {  form.password2(size=32) }}<br>
    			{ % for error in form.password2.errors %}
    				<span style="color:red;">[{ {  error }}]</span>
    			{ % endfor %}
    		</p>
    		<p>{ {  form.submit() }}</p>
    	</form>
    { % endblock %}

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/templates/login.html

{ % extends "base.html" %}
    { % block content %}
    	<h1>登录</h1>
    	<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
    		{ {  form.hidden_tag() }}
    		<p>
    			{ {  form.username.label }}<br>
    			{ {  form.username(size=32) }}<br>
    			{ % for error in form.username.errors %}
    				<span style="color:red;">[{ {  error }}]</span>
    			{ % endfor %}
    		</p>
    		<p>
    			{ {  form.password.label }}<br>
    			{ {  form.password(size=32) }}<br>
    			{ % for error in form.password.errors %}
    				<span style="color:red;">[{ {  error }}]</span>
    			{ % endfor %}
    		</p>
    		<p>
    			{ {  form.remember_me() }}
    			{ {  form.remember_me.label }}
    		</p>
    		<p>
    			{ {  form.submit() }}
    		</p>
    	</form>
    	<p>新用户？<a href="{ { url_for('register') }}">点击注册</a></p>
    { % endblock %}

添加用户注册视图函数：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/routes.py

from app import app,db
    from flask import render_template, flash, redirect, url_for, request
    from werkzeug.urls import url_parse
    from app.forms import LoginForm,RegistrationForm
    from flask_login import current_user, login_user, logout_user, login_required
    from app.models import User
    
    @app.route('/')
    @app.route('/index')
    @login_required
    def index():
    	return render_template('index.html', title='首页')
    
    @app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
    def login():
    	if current_user.is_authenticated:
    		return redirect(url_for('index'))
    	form = LoginForm()
    	if form.validate_on_submit():
    		user = User.query.filter_by(username=form.username.data).first()
    		if user is None or not user.check_password(form.password.data):
    			flash('无效的用户名或密码')
    			return redirect(url_for('login'))
    		login_user(user, remember=form.remember_me.data)
    		
    		next_page = request.args.get('next')
    		if not next_page or url_parse(next_page).netloc != '':
    			next_page = url_for('index')
    		return redirect(next_page)
    	return render_template('login.html', title='登录', form=form)
    
    @app.route('/logout')
    def logout():
    	logout_user()
    	return redirect(url_for('index'))
    
    @app.route('/register', methods=['GET','POST'])
    def register():
    	if current_user.is_authenticated:
            return redirect(url_for('index'))
        form = RegistrationForm()
        if form.validate_on_submit():
            user = User(username=form.username.data, email=form.email.data)
            user.set_password(form.password.data)
            db.session.add(user)
            db.session.commit()
            flash('恭喜，注册成功')
            return redirect(url_for('login'))
        return render_template('register.html', title='注册', form=form)

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zODI1NjQ3NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zODI1NjQ3NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
git操作：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git status
    位于分支 v05
    尚未暂存以备提交的变更：
      （使用 "git add <文件>..." 更新要提交的内容）
      （使用 "git checkout -- <文件>..." 丢弃工作区的改动）
    
    	修改：     Pipfile
    	修改：     Pipfile.lock
    	修改：     app.db
    	修改：     app/__init__.py
    	修改：     app/forms.py
    	修改：     app/models.py
    	修改：     app/routes.py
    	修改：     app/templates/base.html
    	修改：     app/templates/index.html
    	修改：     app/templates/login.html
    
    未跟踪的文件:
      （使用 "git add <文件>..." 以包含要提交的内容）
    
    	app/templates/register.html
    
    修改尚未加入提交（使用 "git add" 和/或 "git commit -a"）
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git add Pipfile Pipfile.lock app.db app/__init__.py app/forms.py app/models.py app/routes.py app/templates/base.html app/templates/index.html app/templates/login.html app/templates/register.html
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git status
    位于分支 v05
    要提交的变更：
      （使用 "git reset HEAD <文件>..." 以取消暂存）
    
    	修改：     Pipfile
    	修改：     Pipfile.lock
    	修改：     app.db
    	修改：     app/__init__.py
    	修改：     app/forms.py
    	修改：     app/models.py
    	修改：     app/routes.py
    	修改：     app/templates/base.html
    	修改：     app/templates/index.html
    	修改：     app/templates/login.html
    	新文件：   app/templates/register.html
    
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git commit -m "完成用户登录"
    [v05 71285d0] 完成用户登录
     11 files changed, 136 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
     create mode 100644 app/templates/register.html
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git status
    位于分支 v05
    无文件要提交，干净的工作区
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git checkout master
    切换到分支 'master'
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git merge v05
    更新 3e424f2..7857ae5
    Fast-forward
     Pipfile                     |   1 +
     Pipfile.lock                |   9 ++++++++-
     app.db                      | Bin 3072 -> 3072 bytes
     app/__init__.py             |   3 +++
     app/forms.py                |  19 ++++++++++++++++++-
     app/models.py               |  16 ++++++++++++++--
     app/routes.py               |  42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
     app/templates/base.html     |  15 ++++++++++++++-
     app/templates/index.html    |   1 +
     app/templates/login.html    |   2 ++
     app/templates/register.html |  37 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
     11 files changed, 136 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
     create mode 100644 app/templates/register.html

项目结构：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ tree
    .
    ├── app
    │   ├── forms.py
    │   ├── __init__.py
    │   ├── models.py
    │   ├── routes.py
    │   └── templates
    │       ├── base.html
    │       ├── index.html
    │       ├── login.html
    │       └── register.html
    ├── app.db
    ├── config.py
    ├── Pipfile
    ├── Pipfile.lock
    └── run.py
    
    2 directories, 13 files

6、蓝图  
git操作，新建分支：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git checkout -b v06
    切换到一个新分支 'v06'
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ cd app
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ sudo mkdir auth
    [sudo] chenchen 的密码： 
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ sudo chmod 777 auth
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ sudo mv routes.py forms.py auth

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ cd templates
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app/templates$ sudo mkdir auth
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app/templates$ sudo chmod 777 auth
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app/templates$ sudo mv  login.html register.html auth

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app/templates$ cd ..
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ cd auth
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app/auth$ vim __init__.py

app/auth/__init__.py代码：

from flask import Blueprint
    
    bp = Blueprint('auth', __name__)
    
    from app.auth import routes

修改`app/__init__.py`：应用工厂模式

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/__init__.py

import os
    import logging
    from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler
    from flask import Flask,request,current_app
    from config import Config
    from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
    from flask_login import LoginManager
    
    db = SQLAlchemy()
    login = LoginManager()
    login.login_view = 'auth.login'
    login.login_message = '请先登录以进入该页面'
    bootstrap = Bootstrap()
    
    def create_app(config_class=Config):
    	app = Flask(__name__)
    	app.config.from_object(config_class)
    
    	db.init_app(app)
    	login.init_app(app)
    	bootstrap.init_app(app)
    
    	from app.auth import bp as auth_bp
    	app.register_blueprint(auth_bp, url_prefix='/auth')
    	
    	from app.main import bp as main_bp
    	app.register_blueprint(main_bp)
    	
    	if not app.debug and not app.testing:
    		if not os.path.exists('logs'):
    			os.mkdir('logs')
    		file_handler = RotatingFileHandler('logs/app.log', maxBytes=10240, backupCount=10)
    		file_handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(levelname)s:%(message)s''[in %(pathname)s:%(lineno)d]'))
    		file_handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
    		app.logger.addHandler(file_handler)
    		
    		app.logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
    		app.logger.info('程序启动')
    	return app
    
    from app import models

修改app/auth/routes.py文件：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/auth/routes.py

from app import db
    from flask import render_template, flash, redirect, url_for, request
    from werkzeug.urls import url_parse
    from app.auth.forms import LoginForm,RegistrationForm
    from flask_login import current_user, login_user, logout_user
    from app.auth import bp
    from app.models import User
    
    @bp.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
    def login():
    	if current_user.is_authenticated:
    		return redirect(url_for('main.index'))
    	form = LoginForm()
    	if form.validate_on_submit():
    		user = User.query.filter_by(username=form.username.data).first()
    		if user is None or not user.check_password(form.password.data):
    			flash('无效的用户名或密码')
    			return redirect(url_for('auth.login'))
    		login_user(user, remember=form.remember_me.data)
    		
    		next_page = request.args.get('next')
    		if not next_page or url_parse(next_page).netloc != '':
    			next_page = url_for('main.index')
    		return redirect(next_page)
    	return render_template('auth/login.html', title='登录', form=form)
    
    @bp.route('/logout')
    def logout():
    	logout_user()
    	return redirect(url_for('main.index'))
    
    @bp.route('/register', methods=['GET','POST'])
    def register():
    	if current_user.is_authenticated:
            	return redirect(url_for('main.index'))
    	form = RegistrationForm()
    	if form.validate_on_submit():
    		user = User(username=form.username.data, email=form.email.data)
    		user.set_password(form.password.data)
    		db.session.add(user)
    		db.session.commit()
    		flash('恭喜，注册成功')
    		return redirect(url_for('auth.login'))
    	return render_template('auth/register.html', title='注册', form=form)

修改`app/templates/auth/login.html`：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/templates/auth/login.html

{% extends "base.html" %}
    {% block content %}
    	<h1>登录</h1>
    	<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
    		{
       { form.hidden_tag() }}
    		<p>
    			{
       { form.username.label }}<br>
    			{
       { form.username(size=32) }}<br>
    			{% for error in form.username.errors %}
    				<span style="color:red;">[{
       { error }}]</span>
    			{% endfor %}
    		</p>
    		<p>
    			{
       { form.password.label }}<br>
    			{
       { form.password(size=32) }}<br>
    			{% for error in form.password.errors %}
    				<span style="color:red;">[{
       { error }}]</span>
    			{% endfor %}
    		</p>
    		<p>
    			{
       { form.remember_me() }}
    			{
       { form.remember_me.label }}
    		</p>
    		<p>
    			{
       { form.submit() }}
    		</p>
    	</form>
    	<p>新用户？<a href="{ { url_for('auth.register') }}">点击注册</a></p>
    {% endblock %}

修改`app/templates/auth/register.html`：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/templates/auth/register.html

{% extends "base.html" %}
    
    {% block content %}
    	<h1>用户注册</h1>
    	<form action="" method="post">
    		{
       { form.hidden_tag() }}
    		<p>
    			{
       { form.username.label }}<br>
    			{
       { form.username(size=32) }}<br>
    			{% for error in form.username.errors %}
    				<span style="color:red;">[{
       { error }}]</span>
    			{% endfor %}
    		</p>
    		<p>
    			{
       { form.email.label }}<br>
    			{
       { form.email(size=64) }}<br>
    			{% for error in form.email.error %}
    				<span style="color:red;">[{
       { error }}]</span>
    			{% endfor %}
    		</p>
    		<p>
    			{
       { form.password.label }}<br>
    			{
       { form.password(size=32) }}<br>
    			{% for error in form.password.errors %}
    				<span style="color:red;">[{
       { error }}]</span>
    			{% endfor %}
    		</p>
    		<p>
    			{
       { form.password2.label }}<br>
    			{
       { form.password2(size=32) }}<br>
    			{% for error in form.password2.errors %}
    				<span style="color:red;">[{
       { error }}]</span>
    			{% endfor %}
    		</p>
    		<p>{
       { form.submit() }}</p>
    	</form>
    {% endblock %}

应用程序 main 蓝图

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ cd app
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ sudo mkdir main
    [sudo] chenchen 的密码： 
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ sudo chmod 777 main
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ vim main/__init__.py

代码：

from flask import Blueprint
    
    bp = Blueprint('main', __name__)
    
    from app.main import routes

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject/app$ vim main/routes.py

from flask import render_template
    from flask_login import current_user,login_required
    from app import db
    from app.main import bp
    
    @bp.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
    @bp.route('/index', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
    @login_required
    def index():
    	return render_template('index.html', title='首页')

修改`run.py`：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim run.py

from app import create_app, db
    from app.models import User
    
    app = create_app()
    
    @app.shell_context_processor
    def make_shell_context():
    	return { 'db':db, 'User':User}

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/models.py

修改`base.html`

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/templates/base.html

<html>
        <head>
            <title>{
       { title }}-云测平台</title>
        </head>
        <body>
            <div>
                {% if current_user.is_anonymous %}
                    <a href="{ { url_for('auth.login') }}">登录</a> | <a href="{ { url_for('auth.register') }}">注册</a>
                {% else %}
                    [{
       { current_user.username }}] | <a href="{ { url_for('auth.logout') }}">退出</a>
                {% endif %}
            </div>
            <hr>
            {% with messages=get_flashed_messages() %}
                {% if messages %}
                    <ul>
                        {% for message in messages %}
                        <li>{
       { message }}</li>
                        {% endfor %}
                    </ul>
                {% endif %}
            {% endwith %}
            {%  block content %}
            {% endblock %}
        </body>
    </html>

修改index.html

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim app/templates/index.html

{% extends "base.html" %}
    
    {% block content %}
    	<h1>这里是index页面，已完成注册、登录功能</h1><br>
    	<h2>我是 {
       { current_user.username}}</h2>
    {% endblock %}

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zODI1NjQ3NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zODI1NjQ3NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

git操作：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ touch .gitignore
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ vim .gitignore
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git status
    位于分支 v06
    要提交的变更：
      （使用 "git reset HEAD <文件>..." 以取消暂存）
    
    	新文件：   app/auth/__init__.py
    	新文件：   app/auth/forms.py
    	新文件：   app/auth/routes.py
    	新文件：   app/main/__init__.py
    	新文件：   app/main/routes.py
    	新文件：   app/templates/auth/login.html
    	新文件：   app/templates/auth/register.html
    	新文件：   logs/app.log
    	新文件：   logs/app.log.1
    	新文件：   logs/app.log.2
    
    尚未暂存以备提交的变更：
      （使用 "git add/rm <文件>..." 更新要提交的内容）
      （使用 "git checkout -- <文件>..." 丢弃工作区的改动）
    
    	修改：     app.db
    	修改：     app/__init__.py
    	删除：     app/forms.py
    	修改：     app/models.py
    	删除：     app/routes.py
    	修改：     app/templates/base.html
    	修改：     app/templates/index.html
    	删除：     app/templates/login.html
    	删除：     app/templates/register.html
    	修改：     run.py
    
    未跟踪的文件:
      （使用 "git add <文件>..." 以包含要提交的内容）
    
    	.gitignore
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git add 各个文件
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git commit -m "用蓝图重构"
    [v06 349d7a2] 用蓝图重构
     17 files changed, 436 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)
     create mode 100644 .gitignore
     rewrite app/__init__.py (63%)
     create mode 100644 app/auth/__init__.py
     rename app/{ => auth}/forms.py (100%)
     rename app/{ => auth}/routes.py (55%)
     create mode 100644 app/main/__init__.py
     create mode 100644 app/main/routes.py
     rename app/templates/{ => auth}/login.html (87%)
     rename app/templates/{ => auth}/register.html (98%)
     rewrite app/templates/base.html (98%)
     create mode 100644 logs/app.log
     create mode 100644 logs/app.log.1
     create mode 100644 logs/app.log.2
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git status
    位于分支 v06
    无文件要提交，干净的工作区
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git checkout master
    切换到分支 'master'
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git branch
    * master
      v01
      v02
      v03
      v04
      v05
      v06
    (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git merge v06
    更新 7857ae5..349d7a2
    Fast-forward
     .gitignore                             |   8 +++++++
     app.db                                 | Bin 3072 -> 3072 bytes
     app/__init__.py                        |  41 +++++++++++++++++++++++++------
     app/auth/__init__.py                   |   5 ++++
     app/{ => auth}/forms.py                |   0
     app/{ => auth}/routes.py               |  35 ++++++++++++---------------
     app/main/__init__.py                   |   5 ++++
     app/main/routes.py                     |  11 +++++++++
     app/models.py                          |   2 +-
     app/templates/{ => auth}/login.html    |   4 ++--
     app/templates/{ => auth}/register.html |   2 +-
     app/templates/base.html                |  50 +++++++++++++++++++-------------------
     app/templates/index.html               |   4 ++--
     logs/app.log                           | 106 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
     logs/app.log.1                         | 104 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
     logs/app.log.2                         | 108 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
     run.py                                 |   4 +++-
     17 files changed, 430 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-)
     create mode 100644 .gitignore
     create mode 100644 app/auth/__init__.py
     rename app/{ => auth}/forms.py (100%)
     rename app/{ => auth}/routes.py (55%)
     create mode 100644 app/main/__init__.py
     create mode 100644 app/main/routes.py
     rename app/templates/{ => auth}/login.html (87%)
     rename app/templates/{ => auth}/register.html (98%)
     create mode 100644 logs/app.log
     create mode 100644 logs/app.log.1
     create mode 100644 logs/app.log.2
     (myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ git status
    位于分支 master
    无文件要提交，干净的工作区

项目结构图：

(myproject) chenchen@chenchen-ubuntu:/usr/ccdocs/myproject$ tree
    .
    ├── app
    │   ├── auth
    │   │   ├── forms.py
    │   │   ├── __init__.py
    │   │   └── routes.py
    │   ├── __init__.py
    │   ├── main
    │   │   ├── __init__.py
    │   │   └── routes.py
    │   ├── models.py
    │   └── templates
    │       ├── auth
    │       │   ├── login.html
    │       │   └── register.html
    │       ├── base.html
    │       └── index.html
    ├── app.db
    ├── config.py
    ├── logs
    │   ├── app.log
    │   ├── app.log.1
    │   └── app.log.2
    ├── Pipfile
    ├── Pipfile.lock
    └── run.py
    
    6 directories, 19 files

[github URL]: https://github.com/czy0905/FlaskLoginLogout
[20181114185555513.png]: /images/20220416/6003c6c483714e4e9ea62ed7f3185331.png
[20181114231600965.png]: /images/20220416/5438c1810b034b9da3cef356e017ac01.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zODI1NjQ3NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220416/a1952cc71662438ebffcc1eda639dcb9.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zODI1NjQ3NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20220416/f59bb06001ce4bc6949609522a6f2c63.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zODI1NjQ3NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20220416/279c6af920504d759e0fd415913d35cc.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zODI1NjQ3NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: /images/20220416/864a12dc715a447487173a8513747378.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zODI1NjQ3NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: /images/20220416/a0ac059ddb1c4d7c8363e3d123c94c74.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl8zODI1NjQ3NA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: /images/20220416/f2733fba6a7d42c88a1058f9b8ba253f.png