SQL Server中公用表表达式 CTE 递归的生成帮助数据，以及递归的典型应用

梦里梦外; 2022-03-29 12:20 187阅读 0赞

本文出处：[http://www.cnblogs.com/wy123/p/5960825.html][http_www.cnblogs.com_wy123_p_5960825.html]

我们在做开发的时候，有时候会需要一些帮助数据，必须需要连续的数字，连续间隔的时间点，连续的季度日期等等  
常见很多人利用master库的spt\_values系统表，这个当然没有问题

比如下面这个（没截完，结果是0-2047）

![380271-20161014152127062-475828200.jpg][]

这样也可以使用，但是感觉不够灵活，一是不是随便一个账号都可以访问master数据库的，而是他这里面也只有这么一个连续的数字了，  
想要别的结果集就不太弄了，  
类似数据可以用公用表表达式CTE的递归来生成  
比如上述的0-2047的结果集

;with GenerateHelpData
    as
    (
        select 0 as id
        union all
        select id+1 from GenerateHelpData where id<2047
    )
    select id from GenerateHelpData option (maxrecursion 2047);

可以直接让CTE参数逻辑运算，也可以生成临时表，达到多次重用的目的，这样感觉是不是也很清爽？

1，生成连续数字（当然数字的起始值，间隔值都可以自定义）

--生成连续数字
    ;with GenerateHelpData
    as
    (
        select 0 as id
        union all
        select id+1 from GenerateHelpData where id<2047
    )
    select id from GenerateHelpData option (maxrecursion 2047);

![380271-20161014152614203-818880613.jpg][]

2，CTE递归生成连续日期

--生成连续日期
    ;with GenerateHelpData
    as
    (
        select cast('2016-10-01' as date) as [Date]
        union all
        select DATEADD(D,1,[Date]) from GenerateHelpData where [Date]<'2017-01-01'
    )
    select [Date] from GenerateHelpData;

![380271-20161014153103937-1360755525.jpg][]

3，生成连续间隔的时间点

有时候一些统计需要按照一个小时或者半个小时之类的时间间隔做组合，比如统计某天内没半个小时的小时数据等等

--生成连续间隔的时间点
    ;with GenerateHelpData
    as
    (
        select 1 as id, cast('00:00:00' as time(0)) as timeSection
        union all
        select id+1 as id,  cast(dateadd(mi,30,timeSection) as time(0)) as timeSection 
         from GenerateHelpData  where id<49
    )
    select * from GenerateHelpData

![380271-20161014153611125-1041257960.jpg][]

当然这里就可以非常灵活了，更骚一点的变形

--更骚一点的变形
    ;with GenerateHelpData
    as
    (
        select 1 as id, cast('00:00:00' as time(0)) as timeSection
        union all
        select id+1 as id,  cast(dateadd(mi,30,timeSection) as time(0)) as timeSection 
         from GenerateHelpData  where id<49
    )
    select 
    A.timeSection as timeSectionFrom,
    B.timeSection as timeSectionTo,
    cast(A.timeSection as varchar(10))+'~'+cast(B.timeSection as varchar(10)) as timeSection
    from GenerateHelpData  A inner join GenerateHelpData B on A.id= B.id-1

![380271-20161014153933546-1941001399.jpg][]

4，生成连续季度的最后一天

DECLARE 
    @begin_date date = '2014-12-31',
    @end_date date = '2016-12-31'
    ;with GenerateHelpData as
    (
        select 
            CAST(    CASE 
                        WHEN RIGHT(@begin_date,5)='12-30' 
                    THEN DATEADD(DAY,1,@begin_date) 
                        ELSE @begin_date 
                    END AS    DATE)
            AS EndingDate
        UNION ALL
        SELECT     
            CASE WHEN RIGHT(DATEADD(QQ,1,EndingDate),5)='12-30' 
            THEN  DATEADD(DAY,1,DATEADD(QQ,1,EndingDate)) 
            ELSE DATEADD(QQ,1,EndingDate)
            END AS EndingDate
        from GenerateHelpData where EndingDate< @end_date
    )
    select * from GenerateHelpData

![380271-20161014154802968-385737884.jpg][]

通过变形可以生成两个日期间隔之间的的数据

DECLARE 
    @begin_date date = '2014-12-31',
    @end_date date = '2016-12-31'
    ;with GenerateHelpData as
    (
        select 1 as id ,
            CAST(    CASE 
                        WHEN RIGHT(@begin_date,5)='12-30' 
                    THEN DATEADD(DAY,1,@begin_date) 
                        ELSE @begin_date 
                    END AS    DATE)
            AS EndingDate
        UNION ALL
        SELECT     id+1 as id,
            CASE WHEN RIGHT(DATEADD(QQ,1,EndingDate),5)='12-30' 
            THEN  DATEADD(DAY,1,DATEADD(QQ,1,EndingDate)) 
            ELSE DATEADD(QQ,1,EndingDate)
            END AS EndingDate
        from GenerateHelpData where EndingDate< @end_date
    )
    select 
    A.EndingDate as DateFrom,
    B.EndingDate as DateTo,
    cast(A.EndingDate as varchar(10))+'~'+cast(B.EndingDate as varchar(10)) as timeSection
    from GenerateHelpData  A inner join GenerateHelpData B on A.id= B.id-1

![380271-20161014155025984-641566749.jpg][]

需要注意的是，CTE递归的默认次数是100，如果不指定递归次数（option (maxrecursion N);），超出默认最大递归次数之后会报错。

![380271-20161014155631625-1654174382.png][]

——————————————递归原本很容易使用，本文原本是说用递归生成帮助数据的，有朋友问到递归本身的使用，那就再补充一个DEMO吧———————————————————

**补充园友的一个实际应用-20161119**

测试数据：

create table ProuctInfo
    (
        Id INT,
        ParentId INT,
        ProuctName VARCHAR(50)
    )
    
    INSERT INTO ProuctInfo VALUES (1,0,'镜片')
    INSERT INTO ProuctInfo VALUES (2,0,'镜架')
    INSERT INTO ProuctInfo VALUES (101,1,'高级镜片')
    INSERT INTO ProuctInfo VALUES (102,1,'普通镜片')
    INSERT INTO ProuctInfo VALUES (201,2,'高级镜架')
    INSERT INTO ProuctInfo VALUES (202,2,'普通镜架')
    
    INSERT INTO ProuctInfo VALUES (1001,101,'高级镜片1')
    INSERT INTO ProuctInfo VALUES (1002,102,'普通镜片2')
    INSERT INTO ProuctInfo VALUES (2001,201,'高级镜架1')
    INSERT INTO ProuctInfo VALUES (2002,202,'普通镜架2')

原始数据的样子，很普通

![380271-20161119101557342-65281319.png][]

创建一个函数，获取当前节点的父节点信息

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.FnGetParentInfo(@id int)
    returns varchar(max)
    as
    begin
    
    declare @name varchar(max)
    
    --查询某一个节点的所有父节点
    ;with SubTab
    as
    (
        select [ID],[ParentID], cast(ProuctName as varchar(200)) as ProuctName
        from ProuctInfo WHERE Id = @id
        union all
        select a.[ID],a.[ParentID],cast(a.ProuctName+'--->'+b.ProuctName as varchar(200)) as ProuctName
        from ProuctInfo a,SubTab b
        where a.[ID]=b.[ParentID] 
    )
    select @name = ProuctName from SubTab  where ParentId = 0 
    
    return @name
    end

实际效果：

![380271-20161119102034748-163467806.png][]

总结：本文演示了几种常用的根据CTE递归生成帮助数据的情况，如果需要帮助数据，可以根据CTE的递归特性做灵活处理。

[http_www.cnblogs.com_wy123_p_5960825.html]: http://www.cnblogs.com/wy123/p/5960825.html
[380271-20161014152127062-475828200.jpg]: /images/20220329/19863b28abe54e06af402f3300436083.png
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[380271-20161014153103937-1360755525.jpg]: /images/20220329/f97edad9433e423f823a078468d5874e.png
[380271-20161014153611125-1041257960.jpg]: /images/20220329/14ba16fc69bf42b1bfe2fb701bcbf313.png
[380271-20161014153933546-1941001399.jpg]: /images/20220329/1a5a037bf5554cf5a106cfcb91c03afd.png
[380271-20161014154802968-385737884.jpg]: /images/20220329/6821dd76e1a54298b5a7c6abe14e071c.png
[380271-20161014155025984-641566749.jpg]: /images/20220329/3b7d79b16d744fd3ab23b47d6c7d5aa1.png
[380271-20161014155631625-1654174382.png]: /images/20220329/ac176934669749bf8512c088e4130292.png
[380271-20161119101557342-65281319.png]: /images/20220329/a96c585fc25c41aaa0551e6013098547.png
[380271-20161119102034748-163467806.png]: /images/20220329/fed20b1b45bc473383aac626fb47a0a7.png