usb驱动---What is the difference between /dev/ttyUSB and /dev/ttyACM【转】

港控/mmm° 2022-02-02 14:53 301阅读 0赞

转自：[http://blog.csdn.net/ppp2006/article/details/25654733][http_blog.csdn.net_ppp2006_article_details_25654733]

https://www.rfc1149.net/blog/2013/03/05/what-is-the-difference-between-devttyusbx-and-devttyacmx/

理解为何有的USB串口叫ttyUSB而有的叫ttyACM

对于转换桥，功能较单一，归类为ttyUSB。驱动在drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.c。 比如FDTI转换芯片虚拟出的串口，在ubuntu上都识别为ttyUSB\*.

对于带通信规约的接口，实现复杂，归类为ttyACM。驱动在drivers/usb/class/cdc\_acm.c。比如arduino uno rev3板子的usb串口是由atmega16u2芯片完成的。本身芯片可以运行usb协议代码。

# What is the difference between /dev/ttyUSB and /dev/ttyACM? #

[Samuel Tardieu][], 2013-03-05

Have you ever wondered why some USB devices used`/dev/ttyUSB0` (or 1, or *n*) and others`/dev/ttyACM0` (or 1, or *n*) when they are plugged into the host computer, while they seem to be acting as [UART][] devices ([RS-232][]\-like) over USB in both cases? Have you wondered why example USB firmwares for microcontrollers always end up with names such as`/dev/ttyACM0` and never as `/dev/ttyUSB0`?

*Warning: this is a Linux specific post, although it also contains genuine pieces of USB culture.*

## What does `ttyACM` mean? ##

The [USB implementors forum][] organization has described how devices conforming to the [Communications Device Class (CDC)][Communications Device Class _CDC] should present themselves to the USB host. The USB implementors forum also specified how CDC subclasses should act, including for those devices intended to talk with each other over the [public switched telephone network (PSTN)][public switched telephone network _PSTN]. Those are known as [modems][] because the data goes through a modulation operation on the sending side, which transforms the bits into analog signals that can be carried over phone wires, and then through a demodulation operation on the receiving side to convert the analog signal back into the original bits.

To discuss with the modem, the host USB driver must use one of the existing control models. For example, the*direct line control model* controls how data is exchanged between the host and the modem through an audio class interface, with the host taking charge of the modulation, demodulation, data compression (such as V.42bis) and error correction (such as V.42). This model is used by some [USB soft modems][], which are very cheap because they mostly contain a [DSP][] chip and some amplification and line adaptation layers.

Another control model, aptly named *abstract control model* or ACM, lets the modem hardware perform the analog functions, and require that it supports the [ITU V.250][] (also known as Hayes in its former life) command set, either in the data stream or as a separate control stream through the communication class interface. When the commands are multiplexed with the data in the data stream, an [escape sequence][] such as Hayes 302 (also known as “1 sec +++ 1 sec”) or TIES (that nobody remembers) must allow the host to put the modem into command mode.

When developping on a USB-enabled embedded microcontroller that needs to exchange data with a computer over USB, it is tempting to use a standardized way of communication which is well supported by virtually every operating system. This is why most people choose to implement CDC/PSTN with ACM (did you notice that the Linux kernel driver for `/dev/ttyACM0` is named `cdc_acm`?) because it is the simplest way to exchange raw data.

But what about the mandatory V.250 command set? It is almost never implemented in such devices, but since the host has no reason to spontaneously generate V.250 commands by itself, the device will never have to answer them. Pretending the embedded device is a modem is the simplest way to communicate with it, even though it will probably never perform any modulation or demodulation task. Linux will not know that the device is lying, and will have it show up as `/dev/ttyS0`.

## What does `ttyUSB` mean? ##

Sometimes, the embedded microcontroller does not come with a hardware USB interface. While it is possible to use a [software-only USB stack][], the additional constraints put onto the CPU and the usually small storage size often lead board designers to include a dedicated UART to USB bridge. Several vendors, such as [FTDI][]or [Prolific][] sell dedicated chips for a few euros.

Those vendors opted not to lie to the host computer in having the chips announce themselves as USB modems when they were not. Each vendor defined its own (usually proprietary) protocols, with commands allowing to control functions of the chips such as setting the baud rate or controlling additional signals used to implement [hardware flow control][].

When it is practical to do so, Linux groups devices with similar functionalities under the same default device or interface names. For example, the UARTs present on your computer (if any) will be named `/dev/ttyS0` and`/dev/ttyS1` even if one of them is a legacy [16550][] chip and the other one is a [MAX3100][] [SPI][]\-controlled UART. Similarly, the devices offering UART-over-USB functionalities are named `/dev/ttyUSB0`,`/dev/ttyUSB1`, and so on, even though they are in fact using distinct device drivers.

## Conclusion ##

So, when you see a `/dev/ttyACM0` popping up, you can try to send it the escape sequence followed by AT commands, but there is a good chance that the device only pretends to be a modem and will happily send those characters to the core application without even considering intercepting them. If it is a `/dev/ttyS0`, do not try, unless the device behind the USB-UART bridge understands those command by itself (this is the case for the [XBee][] chip).

If you like this post, you can send some bitcoin dust to 1Bo78aNzJvkmeLTw8aptaFipvRWyNQP2WF (or click here).

[Samuel Tardieu][]

| 2013-03-05 | [Linux][], [Programming][] | [Comments][] | [CC BY-NC-SA][]

walker • [3 years ago][]

thanks for the post.. i'm using an avr32 bit chip with USB embedded in it. When i connect to linux (ubuntu 12.10 64bit), the device shows up as ttyACM0 and the PC tries sending AT+ commands for about a minute after my device connects. quite annoying because i'm doing development work and the device is unavailable during this routine. do you know if it is possible to disable this mount routine from the PC? or better yet is it possible to change my device configuration so it shows up as ttyUSB?

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    [Samuel Tardieu][Avatar 1] Mod [ walker][3 years ago] • [3 years ago][3 years ago 1]
    
    The article explains precisely why this would not be possible for it to show as ttyUSB. Check the Ubuntu help center and forums if Ubuntu insists on talking to your device.
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    walker [ Samuel Tardieu][3 years ago 1] • [3 years ago][3 years ago 2]
    
    I'm not sure why you are saying that it is not possible for the device to announce itself as ttyUSB? I can set how the usb announces itself using various registers on the device. there is example code that changes my microcontroller from cdc to HID or mass storage etc.. Unfortunately nothing that seems to conform to the ttyUSB spec. When i force this driver my device enumerates successfully as ttyUSB one time, but not again until i reboot. i get the following error message:
    
    \[878887.203226\] usbserial\_generic 5-2:1.0: Generic device with no bulk out, not allowed.
    
    i'm going to spend some more time looking for usbserial documentation but any constructive advice would be welcome! thanks again

本文转自张昺华-sky博客园博客，原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/sky-heaven/p/5594089.html，如需转载请自行联系原作者

[http_blog.csdn.net_ppp2006_article_details_25654733]: http://blog.csdn.net/ppp2006/article/details/25654733
[Samuel Tardieu]: https://www.rfc1149.net/sam.html
[UART]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_asynchronous_receiver/transmitter
[RS-232]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-232
[USB implementors forum]: http://www.usb.org/
[Communications Device Class _CDC]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_communications_device_class
[public switched telephone network _PSTN]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_network
[modems]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem
[USB soft modems]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softmodem
[DSP]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Signal_Processing
[ITU V.250]: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Serial_Programming/Modems_and_AT_Commands
[escape sequence]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Independent_Escape_Sequence
[software-only USB stack]: http://www.obdev.at/products/vusb/index.html
[FTDI]: http://www.ftdichip.com/
[Prolific]: http://www.prolific.com.tw/US/
[hardware flow control]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_control_%28data%29#Hardware_flow_control
[16550]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16550_UART
[MAX3100]: http://www.maximintegrated.com/datasheet/index.mvp/id/1731
[SPI]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Peripheral_Interface_Bus
[XBee]: http://www.digi.com/products/wireless-wired-embedded-solutions/zigbee-rf-modules/point-multipoint-rfmodules/xbee-series1-module
[Linux]: https://www.rfc1149.net/blog/tag/linux/
[Programming]: https://www.rfc1149.net/blog/tag/programming/
[Comments]: https://www.rfc1149.net/blog/2013/03/05/what-is-the-difference-between-devttyusbx-and-devttyacmx/index.html#disqus_thread
[CC BY-NC-SA]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
[3 years ago]: https://www.rfc1149.net/blog/2013/03/05/what-is-the-difference-between-devttyusbx-and-devttyacmx/#comment-844289430
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