CentOS7快速搭建LNMP环境

迷南。 2021-12-16 03:11 474阅读 0赞

## 名词解释： ##

LNMP：Linux+Nginx+MySql+PHP  
LAMP：LInux+Apache+MySql+PHP  
Nginx的正确读法应该是Engine X  
我们使用CentOS自带的YUM来安装

--------------------

## 镜像源切换 ##

--------------------

先把YUM源切换成国内的镜像源  
先备份一下原来的源镜像文件

# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

下载新的**CentOS-Base.repo**

#wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

如果没有安装wget的话可以使用**\#yum install wget**安装完成之后，在执行CentOS-Base.repo的安装  
对**/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo**源文件配置文件，改为不生效

enable=0

YUM缓存生成

#yum clean all
    #yum makecache
    #yum update

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## 安装Nginx ##

--------------------

YUM源中没有Nginx，我们需要增加一个nginx的源**nginx.repo**

# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

源文件的内容

[nginx]
    name=nginx repo
    baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=0
    enabled=1

查看Nginx是否配置成功

#yum list nginx

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

已加载插件：fastestmirror
    nginx                                                                           | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
    nginx/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                       |  18 kB  00:00:04     
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
     * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
     * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
     * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
    可安装的软件包
    nginx.x86_64                                  1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx                                  nginx

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

#yum list |grep nginx

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

nginx.x86_64                               1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
    nginx-debug.x86_64                         1:1.8.0-1.el7.ngx           nginx    
    nginx-debuginfo.x86_64                     1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
    nginx-module-geoip.x86_64                  1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
    nginx-module-geoip-debuginfo.x86_64        1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
    nginx-module-image-filter.x86_64           1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
    nginx-module-image-filter-debuginfo.x86_64 1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
    nginx-module-njs.x86_64                    1:1.10.2.0.0.20160414.1c50334fbea6-2.el7.ngx
                                                                           nginx    
    nginx-module-njs-debuginfo.x86_64          1:1.10.2.0.0.20160414.1c50334fbea6-2.el7.ngx
                                                                           nginx    
    nginx-module-perl.x86_64                   1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
    nginx-module-perl-debuginfo.x86_64         1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
    nginx-module-xslt.x86_64                   1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
    nginx-module-xslt-debuginfo.x86_64         1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
    nginx-nr-agent.noarch                      2.0.0-10.el7.ngx            nginx    
    pcp-pmda-nginx.x86_64                      3.10.6-2.el7                base

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

安装成功后，就可以直接安装nginx了

#yum -y install nginx

安装的就是Nginx官网的最新版本

#nginx #启动Nginx

可以使用curl命令查看是否安装成功

#curl 127.0.0.1

如果安装成功的话，就会看到输出一个HTML的一个反馈

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
    <title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
    <style>
        body {
            width: 35em;
            margin: 0 auto;
            font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
        }
    </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
    <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
    working. Further configuration is required.</p>
    
    <p>For online documentation and support please refer to
    <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
    Commercial support is available at
    <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
    
    <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
    </body>
    </html>

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

开机启动设置

#systemctl enable nginx
    #systemctl daemon-reload

--------------------

## 安装MySql（5.7） ##

--------------------

官网：[http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/][http_dev.mysql.com_downloads_repo_yum]

#rpm -Uvh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm

查看5.7版本是否已经启用

#yum repolist all | grep mysql

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community         启用:    24
    mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - Sourc 禁用
    mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community              启用:    38
    mysql-tools-community-source      MySQL Tools Community - Source     禁用
    mysql-tools-preview/x86_64        MySQL Tools Preview                禁用
    mysql-tools-preview-source        MySQL Tools Preview - Source       禁用
    mysql55-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.5 Community Server         禁用
    mysql55-community-source          MySQL 5.5 Community Server - Sourc 禁用
    mysql56-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.6 Community Server         禁用
    mysql56-community-source          MySQL 5.6 Community Server - Sourc 禁用
    mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server         启用:   146
    mysql57-community-source          MySQL 5.7 Community Server - Sourc 禁用
    mysql80-community/x86_64          MySQL 8.0 Community Server         禁用
    mysql80-community-source          MySQL 8.0 Community Server - Sourc 禁用

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

如果没有启用的话，我们可以修改源文件

#/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo

[mysql57-community]
    name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/$basearch/
    enabled=1
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

把**enabled**改为**1**就可以了，其他的版本改为**0**

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

[mysql-connectors-community]
    name=MySQL Connectors Community
    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-connectors-community/el/7/$basearch/
    enabled=1
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
    
    [mysql-tools-community]
    name=MySQL Tools Community
    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/$basearch/
    enabled=1
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
    
    # Enable to use MySQL 5.5
    [mysql55-community]
    name=MySQL 5.5 Community Server
    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.5-community/el/7/$basearch/
    enabled=0
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
    
    # Enable to use MySQL 5.6
    [mysql56-community]
    name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server
    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/7/$basearch/
    enabled=0
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
    
    [mysql57-community]
    name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/$basearch/
    enabled=1
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
    
    [mysql80-community]
    name=MySQL 8.0 Community Server
    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/$basearch/
    enabled=0
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
    
    [mysql-tools-preview]
    name=MySQL Tools Preview
    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-preview/el/7/$basearch/
    enabled=0
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

修改完成之后查看可用的版本

#yum repolist enabled | grep mysql

mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community                  24
    mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community                       38
    mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server                 146

如果看到5.7版本启用了之后就可以安装MySql了

#yum -y install mysql-community-server

安装完成之后，就可以启动mysql了

#service mysqld start

查看MySql的启动状态

#service mysqld status

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status  mysqld.service
    ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
       Active: active (running) since 日 2017-05-23 22:51:48 CST; 3min 14s ago
      Process: 36884 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
      Process: 36810 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
     Main PID: 36887 (mysqld)
       CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
               └─36887 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
    
    5月 23 22:51:45 192.168.0.14 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
    5月 23 22:51:48 192.168.0.14 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
    5月 23 22:52:24 192.168.0.14 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

开机启动设置

#systemctl enable mysqld
    #systemctl daemon-reload

MySql安装完成之后会在LOG文件(**/var/log/mysqld.log**)中生成一个root的默认密码

#grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

2017-05-23T14:51:45.705458Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: d&sqr7dcf7P_

登录MySql并修改root密码

#mysql -uroot -p
    mysql>ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new psd';

扩展阅读：mysql的密码策略

mysql>show variables like '%password%';

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

+---------------------------------------+--------+
    | Variable_name                         | Value  |
    +---------------------------------------+--------+
    | default_password_lifetime             | 0      |
    | disconnect_on_expired_password        | ON     |
    | log_builtin_as_identified_by_password | OFF    |
    | mysql_native_password_proxy_users     | OFF    |
    | old_passwords                         | 0      |
    | report_password                       |        |
    | sha256_password_proxy_users           | OFF    |
    | validate_password_check_user_name     | OFF    |
    | validate_password_dictionary_file     |        |
    | validate_password_length              | 8      |
    | validate_password_mixed_case_count    | 1      |
    | validate_password_number_count        | 1      |
    | validate_password_policy              | MEDIUM |
    | validate_password_special_char_count  | 1      |
    +---------------------------------------+--------+
    14 rows in set (0.01 sec)

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

默认的密码策略

validate_password_policy：密码策略，默认为MEDIUM策略 
    validate_password_dictionary_file：密码策略文件，策略为STRONG才需要 
    validate_password_length：密码最少长度 
    validate_password_mixed_case_count：大小写字符长度，至少1个 
    validate_password_number_count ：数字至少1个 
    validate_password_special_char_count：特殊字符至少1个

修改密码策略  
在**/etc/my.cnf**文件添加**validate\_password\_policy**配置：

# 选择0（LOW），1（MEDIUM），2（STRONG）其中一种，选择2需要提供密码字典文件
    validate_password_policy=0

修改默认编码  
在**/etc/my.cnf**配置文件的**\[mysqld\]**下添加编码配置：

[mysqld]
    character_set_server=utf8
    init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'

重启mysql，是修改生效

#systemctl restart mysqld

远程登录用户添加

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO 'lmc'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '1qazXsw@' WITH GRANT OPTION;
    mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

查看用户

mysql> select host,user from mysql.user;

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

由于开始没有关闭SELinux，引起mysql连接失败的解决：  
[http://www.jianshu.com/p/ddd3ce15cb84][http_www.jianshu.com_p_ddd3ce15cb84]

--------------------

## 安装PHP7 ##

#rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
    #rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm

安装PHP7

#yum install php70w.x86_64 php70w-cli.x86_64 php70w-common.x86_64 php70w-gd.x86_64 php70w-ldap.x86_64 php70w-mbstring.x86_64 php70w-mcrypt.x86_64 php70w-mysql.x86_64 php70w-pdo.x86_64

安装php-fpm

#yum install php70w-fpm php70w-opcache

启动php-fpm

#systemctl start php-fpm

开机启动设置

#systemctl enable php-fpm
    #systemctl daemon-reload

修改根目录  
修改** /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf**

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

location ~ \.php$ {
            root           /usr/share/nginx/html;
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            include        fastcgi_params;
        }

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

重启Nginx使修改生效

追加CentOS 6.5的epel及remi源。

# rpm -Uvh http://ftp.iij.ad.jp/pub/linux/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
    # rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm

以下是CentOS 7.0的源。

# yum install epel-release
    # rpm -ivh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm

使用yum list命令查看可安装的包(Packege)。

# yum list --enablerepo=remi --enablerepo=remi-php56 | grep php

## 安装PHP5.6 ##

yum源配置好了，下一步就安装PHP5.6。

# yum install --enablerepo=remi --enablerepo=remi-php56 php php-opcache php-devel php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-mysqlnd php-phpunit-PHPUnit php-pecl-xdebug php-pecl-xhprof

用PHP命令查看版本。

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

# php --version
    PHP 5.6.0 (cli) (built: Sep  3 2014 19:51:31)
    Copyright (c) 1997-2014 The PHP Group
    Zend Engine v2.6.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Zend Technologies
        with Zend OPcache v7.0.4-dev, Copyright (c) 1999-2014, by Zend Technologies
        with Xdebug v2.2.5, Copyright (c) 2002-2014, by Derick Rethans

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

在这里安装的版本是PHP5.6.0，细心的用户可能已经发现ZendGuardLoader变成Zend OPcahe了。

对从PHP5.5开始PHP代码缓存从APC变成了Zend OPcache了。

补充：可用此方式进行PHP升级。

转载自：http://www.zabbix.cc/technic/1420/

转载：https://www.cnblogs.com/lishanlei/p/9055344.html

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/cidgur/p/10707432.html

[copycode.gif]: /images/20211214/f266f5b8152a4bdbac1398f296b077b4.png
[http_dev.mysql.com_downloads_repo_yum]: https://link.jianshu.com/?t=http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/
[http_www.jianshu.com_p_ddd3ce15cb84]: https://www.jianshu.com/p/ddd3ce15cb84